mba project (environment issues of oil and gas)

8/11/2019 MBA project (Environment Issues of oil and gas)

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PROJECT REPORT

ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS INOIL AND GAS INDUSTRY

Project Report submitted to;

Department of B!"ne!! A#m"n"!trat"on$ S%a%ra%e &a"!a' Bran(%$ )ara(%"$ Pa*"!tanIn part"a''+ f',''ment of t%e re-"rement for t%e#e.ree of Ma!ter! of B!"ne!! A#m"n"!trat"on/

Mo%amma#0o%a"1Date# Re."!trat"on

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34 A.!t$ 5467

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AC)NO9LEDGEMENTS

One of the greatest learning of my life is if you want a new

contribution, you have got to make a whole new preparation. The Preston

University has enabled me to prepare this proect as a part of !"#

$"anking and %inance& curriculum, which has truly served the purpose.

' am indebted to the several newspapers to allow me to undergo the

proect (nvironmental Problems in Oil and )as 'ndustry as a part of !"#

$"anking and %inance& course.

!y sincere thanks to my guide (a* #lvi, )! operation for his

valuable guidance and standing beside me throughout the proect. '

e+press my gratitude to him, for giving very strong support in the process

and taking very keen interest in the working students like me.


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To 9;OM IT MAY CONCERN

This is to certify that the proect report entitled (nvironmental

Problems in Oil and )as 'ndustry submitted in partial fulllment of the

re-uirements for the degree of !asters of "usiness #dministration of

Preston University, department of business administration.

e has worked under my supervision and guidance and that no partof this report has been submitted for the award of any other /egree,

/iploma, %ellowship or other similar titles or pri*es and that the work has

not been published in any ournal or maga*ine.

Re."!trat"on No2 6


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TABLE O& CONTENTS

C%apter!

PARTICULARS Pa.eNo/

(+ecutive 0ummary 12

3

1

4

56

7

8

9

2:

'ntroduction"ackground

)as and Oil /iscoveryPollution and its sources

2. Oil spills

3. )as %lares

1. (;uent and waste discharges

The 'mpacts of Oil Pollution on the (nvironment

2. #dverse impacts on "iodiversity

3. 0ocio


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E:ECUTIVE SUMMARY

This study was designed to serve as (ompre%en!"edevelopment report

on (nvironment 'ssues of Oil and )as. 'n this conte+t, the study aims to

give particular attention to important changes that occurred in the

information technology sector since independence. 'nformation

technology is concerned with the improvements in a variety of human and

organi*ational pro1'em=!o'"n. endeavors through the design,

development, and use of te(%no'o."(a''+based systems and processes

that enhance the e?ciency and e@ectiveness of information in a variety of

strategic, tactical, and operational situations

/esignAmethodologyAapproachB

The study is a -a'"tat"e and -ant"tat"e analysis based on

secondary information. The discussion (on(entrate! on structure,

access, -uality, and future prospects. 't is argued that if -uality does not

match -uantity, and the information technology sector fails to bring out

enlightened, highly skilled, trained, motivated and ethically committed

individuals, the countries cannot meet any of its development obectives.

This fact is adumbrated in a public lecture entitled Oil in Corld Politics

delivered by a former secretary of the Organi*ation of the Petroleum

(+porting =ountries $OP(=&, the late =hief !.O.%eyide, when he asserted

that #ll over the world, the lives of people are a@ected and the destiny of

nations are determined by the result of oil e+plorations


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The Ogoni people have a tradition and custom that is deeply rooted in

nature and this helped them to protect and preserve the environment for

generations. The land on which they live and the rivers which surroundthem are viewed by them not ust as natural resources for e+ploitation

but with deep spiritual signicance. Hand is viewed as the abode of our

ancestors from where they oversee our lives, it is also a god and we

revere it as suchiii.

This respect and reverence for land also means that forests are not merely

a collection of trees and the abode of animals but also, and more

intrinsically, a sacred possession. Therefore, trees in the forests cannot be

cut indiscriminately without regard to their sacrosanctity and their

inGuence on the wellbeing of the entire community. There are some

animals that you cannot kill because they are said to be totems. That is,

they are supposed to be animations of the spirit of somebody and if you

kill them, then something disastrous will happen.

0imilarly, rivers and streams apart from their being the source of water for

life are also intricately bound up with the life of the community and are

not to be desecrated through oil pollution etc. ThusB our people believe

that there is a dynamic interaction that e+ists between men and women,

animal, plants and so on.

These were the natural rights that our people understood over the years

and there is a belief in the system that every person has to take action to

protect those natural rights. >ights to lands, rights to nature etc.

)rave conse-uences follow any erring human conduct or action

desecrating the environment and failure by the custodian community to

take action to protect it from desecration attracts the wrath of the gods,

which visits the community with disaster. The pre


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protection of biodiversity. !ost of these practices still e+ist to this day and

this e+plains why the Ogoni people are unanimous when it comes to

taking decisions that borders on their environment. To them, their lives are

intrinsically bound with the survival of the environment. This also e+plainswhy the !ovement for the 0urvival of the Ogoni People $!O0OP& recorded

a phenomenal success in mobili*ing the Ogoni People to stand up against

the denigration of their environment in the early 299:s

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Sor(e! of O"' Po''t"on/

'n Ogoni, three main sources of oil pollution have been identied. These

areB

6/ O"' !p"''! O((rren(e!

'n Ogoni, between 2991 and mid< 3::7, there has been a recorded 15

incidences of oil spills. This is aside from the unnoticed slicks and

unreported cases of oil spills.

The maor causes of the spill incidences in Ogoni include Pipelines and

Gow lines leakageAblowouts, blowouts from well


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5/ Ga! &'are!

Oil production involves the burning of hydrocarbon gases. The GaringMo@

of natural or associated gas is done as a by


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#nother source of oil related pollution is the discharge of e;uents into the

surrounding environment, sometimes into the water, by the oil companies.

%or instance, during e+ploration or seismic surveys by oil companies, drillcuttings, drilling mud and Guids are used for stimulating production. There

is also the use of chemicals during seismic activities. The maor

constituents of drill cuttings such as baryotes and bentonitic clays when

dumped on the ground prevent local plant growth until natural processes

develop new topsoil. 'n the water, these materials are dispersed and sink

and may kill local bottom living plants and animals by burying them vii. 'n

addition to the pollutants introduced into the environment from

e+ploration and e+ploitation operations, renery wastes also have

characteristics which constitute potential land, water and air pollutants.

The disposal of wastes into the sea from oil facilities has direct e@ects on

sh stocks.

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6/ T%e Impa(t on O.on" B"o#"er!"t+

The most profound and adverse impact of oil pollution in Ogoni with farather than being the supposed protectors of the people, most elders are

being seen as collaborators with the oil companies thereby eroding

community respect for their status and subse-uent conGict between them

and the youth. 'n this way, the social harmony that once e+isted is broken

and discord ensues.

3 / P%+!"(o=%ea't% Impa(t! of o"' Po''t"on

I/ De!tr(t"on of 0"n( Roof

One of the increasing socio


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is a common trend that is also observed in other parts of the Diger /elta

where oil e+traction is presently taking place +i

This *inc corrosion has added another dimension to the increasing socio(D=(0


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iHuman Right Watch: The Price of Oil;1999; p53iiKen aro Wi!a:1993:econ" #etter to Ogoni $outh pg 1%iii&'tracti(e )n"u*trie* an" &+R , a pu-lication of )n*titute of Human Right* an" Humanitarian #a! .///iv#eg-or*i aro P0ag-ara:.//5:The )mpact of Oil*pill* on iological 2i(er*it0The Ogoni &'periencevection %1 of the 4e"eral &n(ironmental Protection genc0 ct +ap641/ #a!* of the 4e"eration .//.vi&'tracti(e )n"u*trie* an" &+R , a pu-lication of )n*titute of Human Right* an" Humanitarian #a! .///

pg %3%%viiOil of Po(ert0 in the 7iger 2elta :.//%: pu-lication -0 frican 7et!or8 for &n(ironmental an"&conomic u*ticeviiiu"gment of the frican +ommi**ion on +ommunication 1559 para 6 !!!6ce*r6orgnigeriaix#eg-or*i aro P0ag-ara:.//%:

mba project (environment issues of oil and gas)

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