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International Bank for Reconstruction and Development-The International Bank for Reconstruction

and Development (IBRD) is one of five institutions that compose the World Bank Group. The IBRD is an

international organization whose original mission was to finance the reconstruction of nations

devastated by World War II. Now, its mission has expanded to fight poverty by means of financing

states.

World Bank- The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans to developing

countries for capital programmes. The World Bank's official goal is the reduction of poverty.

International Monetary Fund- The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an intergovernmental

organization that oversees the global financial system by taking part in the macroeconomic policies of its

established members, in particular those with an impact on exchange rate and the balance of payments.

The objectives are to stabilize international exchange rates and facilitate development through the

influence of neoliberal economic policies in other countries as a condition of loans, debt relief, and aid.

It also offers loans with varying levels of conditionality, mainly to poorer countries.

Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency- The Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) is a

member organization of the World Bank Group that offers political risk insurance. It was established to

promote foreign direct investment into developing countries.

Commodity- A commodity is a good for which there is demand, but which is supplied without qualitative

differentiation across a market.

Market sentiment- Market sentiment is the general prevailing attitude of investors as to anticipated

price development in a market. This attitude is the accumulation of a variety of fundamental and

technical factors, including price history, economic reports, seasonal factors, and national and world

events.

Futures contract- In finance, a futures contract is a standardized contract between two parties to

exchange a specified asset of standardized quantity and quality for a price agreed today (the futures

price or the strike price) with delivery occurring at a specified future date, the delivery date.

Chicago Mercantile Exchange- The Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) is an American financial and

commodity derivative exchange based in Chicago.

Sold short- In finance, short selling (also known as shorting or going short) is the practice of selling

assets, usually securities, that have been borrowed from a third party (usually a broker) with the

intention of buying identical assets back at a later date to return to that third party.

Commodities index- A commodity price index is a fixed-weight index or (weighted) average of selected

commodity prices, which may be based on spot or futures prices. It is designed to be representative of

the broad commodity asset class or a specific subset of commodities, such as energy or metals.

OPEC- Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries is an intergovernmental organization of twelve

developing countries. One of the principal goals is the determination of the best means for safeguarding

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the organization's interests, individually and collectively. It also pursues ways and means of ensuring the

stabilization of prices in international oil markets with a view to eliminating harmful and unnecessary

fluctuations