measuring the centralized mindset in scratch
TRANSCRIPT
Measuring the Centralized Mindset in Scratch
Nikolos DimitrisKomis Vassilis
Department of Educational Science and Early Childhood Education,
University of Patras,Greece
Centralized Mindset
Theory developed by Mitchel Resnick
Students tend to apply centralized control when they model distributed phenomena
Centralized mindset
Guzdial noticed a similar approach in object-oriented programming with Smalltalk
Centralized Mindset and Social Network Analysis
Centralized network De-centralized network
Centralization measures
• Closeness centralization: How close is a node to all other nodes
• Betweenness centralization: How important is a node in the paths between other nodes
• (We used the Pajek Large Network Analysis software)
Scratch to network
Scratch to networkOffline:http://github.com/dimnikolos/Ghoul/Online:http://scratchgraph.herokuapp.com
Measures of projects
19 projects from non-CS students
High centralization measures
High centralization measuresCloseness centralization: 1
Betweenness centralization:0.5
Closeness is indicative.
High centralization measures
• Betweenness centralization is low despite the centralized nature of the projects
Low centralization measures
Low centralization measures
Low centralization measures
Conclusions
Projects that feature high closeness centralization have a centralized nature. The same was not true for betweenness centralization.Students submitted projects with both centralized and decentralized controlThe transformation of the structure of a Scratch project to a network provides new insights in programming with Scratch
ReferencesBatagelj, V., Mrvar, A. (1998). Pajek – program for large network analysis. Connections, 47–57. Brennan, K. (2014). Constructionism in the Classroom: Three experiments in Disrupting Technocentrism. In Proceedings of Constructionism 2014.Freeman, L. C. (1979). Centrality in social networks conceptual clarification. Social Networks, 1(1979), 215–239. Guzdial, M. (1995). Centralized mindset: A student problem with object-oriented programming. ACM SIGCSE Bulletin, 27, 182–185. Resnick, M. (1992). Turtles, termites and Traffic Jams: Explorations in Massively Parallel Microworlds. MIT Press.Resnick, M. (1996). Beyond the Centralized Mindset. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 5, 1–22.Scott, J. (2000). Social Network Analysis: A Hanbook. SAGE.
Imageshttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Auklet_flock_Shumagins_1986.jpghttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/NetworkTopology-Ring.png/330px-NetworkTopology-Ring.pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Darnir_redhat/Sandbox#/media/File:NetworkTopologies.png
Thank you!