mecoptera (scorpionflies) siphonaptera (fleas). so far in classification neoptera exopterygota head...
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MECOPTERA(scorpionflies)
SIPHONAPTERA(fleas)
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So far in classification
Neoptera
Exopterygota
Head with gula
Head without gula
Neuropteroid Orders
mandibulate
rostrate
Hymenoptera
larvae without legs
No wings
Wings
larvae with legs
Wings with hairs
Wings with scales - Lepidoptera
- Trichoptera
Siphonaptera
2
4
Diptera
Mecoptera
Mecopteroid orders
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Siphonaptera
Number of Species
Common names
Distinguishing characteristics
Other features
Typical habitats
Hexapod Orders
2,400
Fleas
Ectoparasites of birds and mammals
-wingless-parasites
Siphon - tube, aptera - wingless
-siphoning mouthparts-jumping legs-laterally flattened
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Mecoptera - Phylogeny
larvae without legs
No wings
Wings
larvae with legs
Wings with hairs
Wings with scales - Lepidoptera
- Trichoptera
Siphonaptera
2
4
Diptera
Mecoptera
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Mecoptera
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Siphonaptera - Fleas Boreidae - Mecoptera
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Fleas - Distinguishing Features
Sucking mouthparts Antennae retractible Jumping legs
Wingless
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Fleas - Life Cycle
Larva feeds on organic matter for ~24 days
Pupal stage lasts ~ 7 days
Natural habitat
Adult
Eggs drop off host
Eggs hatch in ~ 4 days
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Flea Numbers
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Flea Bites
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Fleas - Disease Transmission
Bubonic Plague (Black Death)
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Bubonic plague -- an infection of the lymph nodes
Pneumonic plague -- an infection of the lungs
Septicemic plague -- an infection of the blood
Three separate diseases (Same bacteria)
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Fleas - Disease Transmission
Yersinia pestis
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Fleas - Disease Transmission
Silk Road
reservoir
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Fleas - Disease Transmission
Animated map
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Fleas - Disease Transmission
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Mecoptera
Number of Species
Common names
Distinguishing characteristics
Other features
Typical habitats
Hexapod Orders
600
Scorpionflies, hanging flies
Forests
-mouthparts on a snout
Mecos - long, ptera - wing
-swollen terminal segment with ‘stinger’
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Fossil Mecoptera
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Parasitic Mecoptera - Jurassic
May have been ectoparasites of early birds and feathered dinosaurs
Strashila
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Diversity in Mecoptera
Bittacidae
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Mecoptera - Distribution
Panorpidae
Bittacidae
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Distinguishing features
Expanded male genital capsule
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Distinguishing features
Mouthparts on a snout
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Relationship to Siphonaptera
Boreidae
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Families
Panorpidae
Bittacidae
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Generalized Mecopteran Life Cycle
Mating
Eggs dropped on ground (Panorpidae, Bittacidae) or laid in moss (Boreidae)
Hatch & 4 larvae instars
4th instar larva – digs earthen cell and becomes quiescent (few weeks to several months)
Pupate
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Mating Behaviour in Scorpionflies
Male
Captures a prey item and offers it as a nuptial gift
Secretes salivary mass onto leaves
Forced copulation
Involve pheromones
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Salivary glands of Panorpa
Female
Male