media outreach
DESCRIPTION
Slide show from the NWS Office in Grand Junction to be used with the media.TRANSCRIPT
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Public Outreach DayMay 6, 2004
Public Outreach DayMay 6, 2004
National Weather ServiceGrand Junction, ColoradoNational Weather ServiceGrand Junction, Colorado
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ObjectivesObjectives
• Who we are and what we do
• Describe the various programs of the NWS
• A brief outline of what weather products are produced for these programs
• Give you an idea of what information is out there for you to use
• Who we are and what we do
• Describe the various programs of the NWS
• A brief outline of what weather products are produced for these programs
• Give you an idea of what information is out there for you to use
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NWS Offices Across the NationNWS Offices Across the Nation
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NWS HistoryNWS History
• Congress organized the first “Weather Bureau” in 1870.
• In 1970, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) was created.
• The Weather Bureau was then placed under NOAA, and had its name changed to the “National Weather Service”.
• Congress organized the first “Weather Bureau” in 1870.
• In 1970, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) was created.
• The Weather Bureau was then placed under NOAA, and had its name changed to the “National Weather Service”.
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Grand Junction NWS HistoryGrand Junction NWS History
• First weather observations taken in 1892 (upstairs doctor’s office at 520 Main Street).
• First Weather Bureau office established in 1898, eventually moving into the old Grand Valley Bank Building at the corner of 4th and Main.
• First weather observations taken in 1892 (upstairs doctor’s office at 520 Main Street).
• First Weather Bureau office established in 1898, eventually moving into the old Grand Valley Bank Building at the corner of 4th and Main.
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Grand Junction NWS HistoryGrand Junction NWS History
• The Weather Bureau office moved to the Federal Building at 4th and Rood in 1918.
• It remained there until 1946, the longest existence for a weather office in the same building in Grand Junction’s history.
• The Weather Bureau office moved to the Federal Building at 4th and Rood in 1918.
• It remained there until 1946, the longest existence for a weather office in the same building in Grand Junction’s history.
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CurrentlyCurrently
• The NWS moved to its current location in 1995.
• The office consists of a staff of 25 meteorologists, hydrologists, technicians, and support personnel.
• The NWS moved to its current location in 1995.
• The office consists of a staff of 25 meteorologists, hydrologists, technicians, and support personnel.
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NWS Grand JunctionArea of Responsibility
NWS Grand JunctionArea of Responsibility
• Area defined by Doppler Radar coverage
• 18 counties in western Colorado & 4 in eastern Utah
• Covers 50,407 square miles
• Area defined by Doppler Radar coverage
• 18 counties in western Colorado & 4 in eastern Utah
• Covers 50,407 square miles
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Major ProgramsMajor Programs
• Public Weather Forecasts
• Severe Weather Watches and Warnings
• Hydrology
• Winter Weather
• Non-Precipitation Events
• Fire Weather
• Climatology
• NOAA Weather Radio (NWR)
• Public Weather Forecasts
• Severe Weather Watches and Warnings
• Hydrology
• Winter Weather
• Non-Precipitation Events
• Fire Weather
• Climatology
• NOAA Weather Radio (NWR)
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Public Zone ForecastsPublic Zone Forecasts
• The forecast area is divided into zones that have similar climatic and geographic similarities
• Forecast parameters include:
– sky condition
– wind (first 48 hours)
– precipitation and/or obscurations
– maximum / minimum temperature
– snowfall amounts
• Forecasts extend out to 7 days
• The forecast area is divided into zones that have similar climatic and geographic similarities
• Forecast parameters include:
– sky condition
– wind (first 48 hours)
– precipitation and/or obscurations
– maximum / minimum temperature
– snowfall amounts
• Forecasts extend out to 7 days
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NWS Grand Junction ZonesNWS Grand Junction Zones
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Other ForecastsOther Forecasts
• Short Term Forecasts (“nowcasts”)
– Issued as needed during rapidly changing weather conditions
– Enhances the zone forecast to describe a specific weather event expected over the next hour or two
• Area Forecast Discussion (AFD)
– Provides forecast reasoning for the upcoming forecast
– Describes the current synoptic situation, model strengths and weaknesses in handling the forecast, and the forecaster’s thoughts on the situation
– Issued around 3:00 pm and 4:00 am daily
– A brief AFD will be issued if the forecast is a non-routine update, discussing the reason for the update.
• Short Term Forecasts (“nowcasts”)
– Issued as needed during rapidly changing weather conditions
– Enhances the zone forecast to describe a specific weather event expected over the next hour or two
• Area Forecast Discussion (AFD)
– Provides forecast reasoning for the upcoming forecast
– Describes the current synoptic situation, model strengths and weaknesses in handling the forecast, and the forecaster’s thoughts on the situation
– Issued around 3:00 pm and 4:00 am daily
– A brief AFD will be issued if the forecast is a non-routine update, discussing the reason for the update.
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Other ForecastsOther Forecasts
• Each morning, NWS Grand Junction will issue a “Hazardous Weather Outlook”.
• This products offers a “heads-up” on what kind of adverse weather can be expected during the next 7 days.
• Biggest focus is on the next 24 hours.
• May be updated later in the day, if conditions change.
• Each morning, NWS Grand Junction will issue a “Hazardous Weather Outlook”.
• This products offers a “heads-up” on what kind of adverse weather can be expected during the next 7 days.
• Biggest focus is on the next 24 hours.
• May be updated later in the day, if conditions change.
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Click on any area on the map for a forecast
This will be at the bottom of the forecast page
Website
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Digital ForecastsDigital Forecasts
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Digital ForecastsDigital Forecasts
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Sky ConditionSky Condition
Sky Condition Cloud Coverage
Cloudy 9/10 – 10/10
Mostly Cloudy orConsiderable Cloudiness
7/10 – 8/10
Partly CloudyPartly Sunny
3/10 – 6/10
Mostly ClearMostly Sunny
1/10 – 3/10
ClearSunny
Less than 1/10
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WindWind
Sustained Wind Speed Descriptive Term
0 – 5 mph Light, or Light and Variable
5 – 15 mph10 – 20 mph
None
15 – 25 mph Breezy
20 – 30 mph Windy
30 – 40 mph Very Windy
40 mph or greater Strong, dangerous, or damaging
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Probability of Precipitation (PoP)Probability of Precipitation (PoP)
PoP Percent Expression of Uncertainty
Areal Equivalent
10 % Slight Chance Isolated or Few
20% Slight Chance Isolated
30% to 50% Chance Scattered
60% to 70% Likely Numerous
80% to 100% None Used None Used
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Severe WeatherSevere Weather
• WATCH
• Conditions are favorable for a severe weather event in or near the Watch Area
• Watches are issued for Tornadoes, Severe Thunderstorms, and Floods
• WARNING
• A severe weather event is imminent or occurring in the Warned area
• Warnings are issued for Tornadoes, Severe Thunderstorms, Flash Floods, and Floods
• WATCH
• Conditions are favorable for a severe weather event in or near the Watch Area
• Watches are issued for Tornadoes, Severe Thunderstorms, and Floods
• WARNING
• A severe weather event is imminent or occurring in the Warned area
• Warnings are issued for Tornadoes, Severe Thunderstorms, Flash Floods, and Floods
Definitions and Terminology
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Severe WeatherSevere Weather
• Severe Thunderstorm
– Winds > knots (58 mph)
– Hail > ¾ inch
– Tornadic Activity
• Severe Thunderstorm
– Winds > knots (58 mph)
– Hail > ¾ inch
– Tornadic Activity
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Severe WeatherSevere Weather
• Watches / Warnings
– Tornado, Severe Thunderstorm
• Statements
– Severe Weather Statement
• Additional / updated information on an ongoing warning
• Used to cancel a warning
• Used to extend an existing warning
• Watches / Warnings
– Tornado, Severe Thunderstorm
• Statements
– Severe Weather Statement
• Additional / updated information on an ongoing warning
• Used to cancel a warning
• Used to extend an existing warning
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Severe WeatherSevere Weather
• Local Storm Report
– Issued after a severe weather event
– Documents reports of severe weather and weather-related damage
– Provides time, location, and type of severe weather and extent of damage
– May be issued well after the storm, depending on when the reports are received
• Local Storm Report
– Issued after a severe weather event
– Documents reports of severe weather and weather-related damage
– Provides time, location, and type of severe weather and extent of damage
– May be issued well after the storm, depending on when the reports are received
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NWS Grand Junction WebsiteNWS Grand Junction Website
Any Watches, Warnings, or
Advisories will be color-coded
Just click on the county or zone to get the product
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NWS Grand Junction WebsiteNWS Grand Junction Website
All text versions of Watches, Warnings, or
Advisories will be posted here
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NWS Grand Junction Website“Local Warnings” Link
NWS Grand Junction Website“Local Warnings” Link
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HydrologyHydrology
– Inundation of a normally dry area caused by an increased water level in an established watercourse
– In the west, usually caused by mountain snowmelt, a warm rain-on-snow event, or large reservoir releases
– Watches will usually be issued when rivers approach bankfull; Warnings will be issued when river levels are expected to exceed established flood stages
– Inundation of a normally dry area caused by an increased water level in an established watercourse
– In the west, usually caused by mountain snowmelt, a warm rain-on-snow event, or large reservoir releases
– Watches will usually be issued when rivers approach bankfull; Warnings will be issued when river levels are expected to exceed established flood stages
• Flood (Flood Watch / Flood Warning)
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HydrologyHydrology
– A life-threatening flood caused by heavy rain over a short time, usually less than 6 hours
– Flash flooding usually occurs in small streams, or dry washes and canyons
– Most flash floods here occur during the monsoon season, typically on the 2nd or 3rd day of thunderstorms with heavy rain
– Dam Breaks
– A life-threatening flood caused by heavy rain over a short time, usually less than 6 hours
– Flash flooding usually occurs in small streams, or dry washes and canyons
– Most flash floods here occur during the monsoon season, typically on the 2nd or 3rd day of thunderstorms with heavy rain
– Dam Breaks
• Flash Flood (Flash Flood Watch / Warning)
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HydrologyHydrology
• Flood / Flash Flood Statement
– Statements are issued for both floods and flash floods
– Conveys latest information on the event
– May remove portions of the warning area, if that area is no longer susceptible to flooding
– Terminates the watch or warning
• Flood / Flash Flood Statement
– Statements are issued for both floods and flash floods
– Conveys latest information on the event
– May remove portions of the warning area, if that area is no longer susceptible to flooding
– Terminates the watch or warning
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HydrologyHydrology
• Urban and/or Small Stream Flood Advisory
– Flooding of small streams, streets, or low-lying areas (such as underpasses, parking lots, etc)
– Flooding is not considered life-threatening, mostly just a nuisance or inconvenience
– No significant damage to property is expected
• Urban and/or Small Stream Flood Advisory
– Flooding of small streams, streets, or low-lying areas (such as underpasses, parking lots, etc)
– Flooding is not considered life-threatening, mostly just a nuisance or inconvenience
– No significant damage to property is expected
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BREAKBREAK
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Winter WeatherWinter Weather
• Of major importance to the public in western Colorado and eastern Utah is the timing and impact of winter weather phenomena.
• Of major importance to the public in western Colorado and eastern Utah is the timing and impact of winter weather phenomena.
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Winter WeatherWinter Weather
• Winter Storm Watch
• Winter Storm Warning
• Blizzard Warning
• Heavy Snow Warning
• Winter Weather Advisory
• Winter Storm Watch
• Winter Storm Warning
• Blizzard Warning
• Heavy Snow Warning
• Winter Weather Advisory
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Winter WeatherWinter Weather
• Blizzard Warning
– Snow and/or blowing snow reducing the visibility to < ¼ mile with sustained winds of 35 mph for 3 hours or more.
• Winter Storm Warning
– More than one winter phenomena is expected (i.e. heavy snow, high winds, etc).
• Blizzard Warning
– Snow and/or blowing snow reducing the visibility to < ¼ mile with sustained winds of 35 mph for 3 hours or more.
• Winter Storm Warning
– More than one winter phenomena is expected (i.e. heavy snow, high winds, etc).
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Winter WeatherWinter Weather
• Heavy Snow Warning:
– Mountain Zones (> 7500’): > 12” per snow event
– Valley Zones (< 7500’): > 6” per snow event
• Winter Weather Advisory
– Mountain Zones: 5-11” per snow event
– Valley Zones: 3-5”per snow event
• Heavy Snow Warning:
– Mountain Zones (> 7500’): > 12” per snow event
– Valley Zones (< 7500’): > 6” per snow event
• Winter Weather Advisory
– Mountain Zones: 5-11” per snow event
– Valley Zones: 3-5”per snow event
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Non-Precipitation EventsNon-Precipitation Events
• Non-precipitation events such as high wind, fog, heat, and freezing rain can also pose a threat to public safety.
• Non-precipitation events such as high wind, fog, heat, and freezing rain can also pose a threat to public safety.
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High WindsHigh Winds
• High Wind Warning
– Mountains: sustained > 50 mph, gusts > 75 mph
– Valleys: sustained > 40 mph, gusts > 58 mph
• Wind Advisory
– Mountains: sustained 40-49 mph, gusts 58-74 mph
– Valleys: sustained 30-39 mph, gusts 45-57 mph
• High Wind Warning
– Mountains: sustained > 50 mph, gusts > 75 mph
– Valleys: sustained > 40 mph, gusts > 58 mph
• Wind Advisory
– Mountains: sustained 40-49 mph, gusts 58-74 mph
– Valleys: sustained 30-39 mph, gusts 45-57 mph
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Cold TemperaturesCold Temperatures
• Freeze Warning
– Temperatures < 32° at the beginning or end of the growing season
• Freeze Warning
– Temperatures < 32° at the beginning or end of the growing season
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Cold TemperaturesCold Temperatures
• Wind Chill Warning
– Mountains: < -35° and winds > 10 mph
– Valleys: < -25° and winds > 10 mph
• Wind Chill Advisory
– Valleys (only): -18° to -24° and winds > 10 mph
• Wind Chill Warning
– Mountains: < -35° and winds > 10 mph
– Valleys: < -25° and winds > 10 mph
• Wind Chill Advisory
– Valleys (only): -18° to -24° and winds > 10 mph
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Wind ChillWind Chill
• The measure of the rate of heat loss based on air temperature and wind speed.
• Only valid for exposed human skin (no bearing on animals or inanimate objects).
• Formula was altered in 2002, based on updated meteorological and physiological knowledge.
• The measure of the rate of heat loss based on air temperature and wind speed.
• Only valid for exposed human skin (no bearing on animals or inanimate objects).
• Formula was altered in 2002, based on updated meteorological and physiological knowledge.
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Wind ChillWind Chill
Click here for wind chill chart and information
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Other Non-Precipitation EventsOther Non-Precipitation Events
• Dust Storm Warning
– Widespread visibility of < ¼ mile with sustained winds > 25 mph.
• Blowing Dust Advisory
– Widespread visibility of < 1 mile with sustained winds > 25 mph.
• Dust Storm Warning
– Widespread visibility of < ¼ mile with sustained winds > 25 mph.
• Blowing Dust Advisory
– Widespread visibility of < 1 mile with sustained winds > 25 mph.
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Other Non-Precipitation EventsOther Non-Precipitation Events
• Heat Index" (HI): sometimes referred to as the "apparent temperature".
• The HI, given in degrees Fahrenheit, is a measure of how hot it really feels when the relative humidity is added to the actual air temperature (body’s effectiveness in sweating is reduced).
• Extreme Heat Warning – HI will exceed 120° for 3 or more hours.
• Heat Index" (HI): sometimes referred to as the "apparent temperature".
• The HI, given in degrees Fahrenheit, is a measure of how hot it really feels when the relative humidity is added to the actual air temperature (body’s effectiveness in sweating is reduced).
• Extreme Heat Warning – HI will exceed 120° for 3 or more hours.
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Heat IndexHeat Index
Click here for heat index chart and information
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Ultraviolet (UV) IndexUltraviolet (UV) Index
• Although the Grand Junction office does not send out warnings for high UV numbers, the forecast is available on the “Local Climate” section of our website.
• Although the Grand Junction office does not send out warnings for high UV numbers, the forecast is available on the “Local Climate” section of our website.
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Other Non-Precipitation EventsOther Non-Precipitation Events
• Dense Fog or Smoke Advisory
– Visibility is reduced to < 1/4 mile over a significant area.
• Dense Fog or Smoke Advisory
– Visibility is reduced to < 1/4 mile over a significant area.
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Fire Weather ProgramFire Weather Program
• NWS Grand Junction provides user-oriented fire weather forecasting service tailored for use by federal, state, and county land management organizations.
• General fire weather forecasts and smoke management forecasts are routinely issued each day from April 1 to October 31.
• NWS Grand Junction provides user-oriented fire weather forecasting service tailored for use by federal, state, and county land management organizations.
• General fire weather forecasts and smoke management forecasts are routinely issued each day from April 1 to October 31.
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Fire Weather ProgramFire Weather Program
• Spot weather forecasts (fire-specific forecasts)
• Fire Weather Watches
• Red Flag Warnings
• Spot weather forecasts (fire-specific forecasts)
• Fire Weather Watches
• Red Flag Warnings
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Red Flag CriteriaRed Flag Criteria
• Any combination of the following:
– Thunderstorms producing “dry lightning”
– Strong and erratic winds
– First occurrence of lightning after a hot and dry period
– Low fuel humidity
– Low atmospheric relative humidity
– Expected passage of a cold front
• Any combination of the following:
– Thunderstorms producing “dry lightning”
– Strong and erratic winds
– First occurrence of lightning after a hot and dry period
– Low fuel humidity
– Low atmospheric relative humidity
– Expected passage of a cold front
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NWS Grand Junction Website“Fire Weather” Link
NWS Grand Junction Website“Fire Weather” Link
Clickable Zone MapOther Fire Weather Forecasts
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General Climate InformationGeneral Climate Information
• Grand Junction’s detailed climate summary is published each morning.
• Grand Junction’s detailed climate summary is published each morning.
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General Climate InformationGeneral Climate Information
• Daily temperature and precipitation is also available for a number of ASOS, cooperative observer, and spotter stations.
• Daily temperature and precipitation is also available for a number of ASOS, cooperative observer, and spotter stations.
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General Climate InformationGeneral Climate Information
• Each day, a daily record of each day’s weather information is made available (a Form F-6, or Local Climatological Data (LCD)).
• This information is available for 10 sites in western Colorado and eastern Utah.
• Each day, a daily record of each day’s weather information is made available (a Form F-6, or Local Climatological Data (LCD)).
• This information is available for 10 sites in western Colorado and eastern Utah.
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Daily F-6/LCD ReportDaily F-6/LCD Report
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NOAA Weather RadioNOAA Weather Radio
• Began in the 1970s
• 24/7 weather coverage
• Range of about 40 miles, depending on terrain
• Tone alert feature will automatically turn the radio on when warnings have been issued
• SAME
• Began in the 1970s
• 24/7 weather coverage
• Range of about 40 miles, depending on terrain
• Tone alert feature will automatically turn the radio on when warnings have been issued
• SAME
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NOAA Weather RadioNOAA Weather Radio
• NWS Grand Junction maintains 6 NWR stations.
• Grand Junction, Glenwood Springs, Montrose, Durango, Vernal, Moab.
• NWR Stations in Steamboat Springs and Monticello, UT are in the planning stage.
• NWS Grand Junction maintains 6 NWR stations.
• Grand Junction, Glenwood Springs, Montrose, Durango, Vernal, Moab.
• NWR Stations in Steamboat Springs and Monticello, UT are in the planning stage.
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NOAA Weather RadioNOAA Weather Radio
• The Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT) has also made NWR through various AM/FM repeaters:
• The Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT) has also made NWR through various AM/FM repeaters:
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NWS Grand JunctionNWS Grand Junction
• 24 hour phone number: 256-9463
• Toll-free number: 1-800-868-7964
• Weather Recording: 243-0913
• Website: http://www.crh.noaa.gov/gjt
• 24 hour phone number: 256-9463
• Toll-free number: 1-800-868-7964
• Weather Recording: 243-0913
• Website: http://www.crh.noaa.gov/gjt
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Thank You for Your Attendance!Thank You for Your Attendance!
National Weather ServiceGrand Junction, ColoradoNational Weather ServiceGrand Junction, Colorado