medical language - fisiokinesiterapia · 2017-01-12 · title: microsoft powerpoint - medic author:...

Medical Language, 1eSusan Turley

Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

All rights reserved.

Medical Language

An anatomical illustration of the skeleton by Andreas Vesalius. (Dover Publications, Inc.)




Orthopedics / Orthopaedics

childPed/o-Combining form

StraightOrth/o-Combining formKnowledge, practice-icsSuffixWord Part DefinitionWord Part

Orthopedics: the knowledge and practice of producingstraightness in a child or an adult




Anatomy and PhysiologyThe Skeletal System• Bony framework on which the body is

built• Composed of 206 bones, cartilage, and

ligaments• Provides structural support for the body,

works with the muscles in the process of movement, and protects the body's vital organs

• Also known as the skeletomuscularsystem and the musculoskeletal system




Skeletal System

Axial • axi/o- axis • -al pertaining to• Consists of the bones of the head, chest, and backAppendicular• appendicul/o- limb; small attached part• -ar pertaining to• Consists of the bones of the shoulders, arms, hips, and

legs




Anatomy of the Skeletal SystemThe cranium is composed of

8 bones• Frontal -

front/o - front• Parietal –

pariet/o- wall of a cavity

• Occipital –occipit/o- occiput (back of the head)

• Sphenoid –sphen/o- wedge shape-oid - resembling

• Ethmoid –ethm/o- sieve

• Temporal –tempor/o- temple (side of the head)




Anatomy of the Skeletal SystemThere are 14 bones in the face ( p. 400)• Nasal

Nas/o- nose • Turbinate

Turbin/o- scroll-like structure (Latin: spins like a top) • Lacrimal - lacrim/o- tears• Palatine – palat/o- palate • Maxilla – upper jaw• Mandible - lower jaw




Anatomy of the Skeletal System

Bones of the Chest• The chest contains the thorax, a bony cage known as

the rib cage Thorax – Greek for breastplateThe bones of the thorax include the sternum and 24 ribs (12 pairs)

• Within the thorax is the thoracic cavity, containing the heart, lungs, and other structures




Anatomy of the Skeletal SystemBones of the ChestThe sternum - breast bone• The manubrium – Latin

for Handle• The xiphoid process is

the small tip at its inferior end

• Xiph/o- sword





The spinal column is divided into 5 different regions.

• Cervical vertebrae• Thoracic vertebrae• Lumbar vertebrae• Sacrum• Coccyx

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Anatomy of the Skeletal System• Spinous

Spin/o- spine; backbone-ous pertaining to

• TransverseTrans- across; through-verse to travel; to turn

• IntervertebralInter- betweenVertebr/o- vertebra-al pertaining to





Bones of the Shoulders• Scapula(ae)

Scapul/o shoulder blade (Latin)-ar pertaining to

• AcromionGreek – tip of the shoulder

• GlenoidGlen/o socket of a joint-oid resembling





Bones of the Arms• Humerus• Radius• Ulna Bones of the Hands• Carpals• Metacarpals• Phalanges

pp. 406-407




Sound Alike Words (p407)

• HumerusNoun – bone of the upper arm

• HumorousAdjective – descriptive English word meaning ‘funny’

• HumeralAdjective – describes the bone of the upper arm

• HumoralAdjective – descriptive word for immunity to infection




Sound Alike Words

• Ilium (noun)The superiorflaring part of the hip bone of the pelvis

Ileum (noun)The thrid part of the small intestine

Ileus (noun)Abnormal absence of contractions in the small intestine





Bones of the Leg(from the Latin)• Femur –thigh bone• Tibia –shin bone• Fibula- Clasp; buckle • Patella – small plate




Anatomy of the Skeletal SystemAnkles• Tarsal

Tars/o- ankle• Calcaneus

Heal bone (Latin)Feet• Metatarsal

Meta – after; subsequent toTars/o- ankleAl- pertaining to

• HalluxGreat toe (Latin)




Related Terms• Osseous

Osse/o – bone-ous – pertaining to

• PeriostealPeri-aroundoste./o – bone-al – pertaining to

• EpiphysealEpiphys/o – growth area on the end of a bone-ial – pertaining to

• DiaphysialDiaphys/o- shaft of a bone-ial – pertaining to




Building Medical Words

• P. 423• Group 1

2- 5• Group 2

6-10• Group 3

11-14




Symptoms, Signs, and Diseases

Group Activity:Define the meanings:• Avascular necrosis• Osteoma• Chondroma• Chondromalacia patellae• Fracture• Crepitus

p. 424




Fractures – p. 425-427

• DefineClosedOpenNon-displacedDisplacedComminutedCompression

DepressedGreenstickObliqueSpiralTransverse





Diseases of the Bones and Cartilage• Osteomalacia

Malac/o – softening-ia condition, state, thing

• OsteomyelitisMyel/o- bone marrow; spinal cord; myelin-itis inflammation of

• OsteoporosisPor/o- small openings; pores-osis condition; abnormal condition process

p. 428




Figure 8-22 Normal bone versus osteoporotic bone. The bone on the left shows normal mineralization and density. The bone on the right shows demineralization, large holes, and loss of density. This bone would be extremely prone to

fracture. (ESRF-CREATIS/Photo Researchers, Inc.)





Diseases of the Vertebrae• Ankylosing

Ankyl/o- fused together• Kyphosis

Kyph/o- bent; humpbacked• Lordosis

Lord/o- swayback• Scoliosis

Scoli/o– curved, crooked

p. 429





Diseases of the Joints and Ligaments

• ArthralgiaArthr/o- jointAlg/o- pain-pathy – disease, suffering

• DislocationDis- away fromLocat/o- a place

• GoutDrop (Latin)

• HemarthrosisHem/o- bloodArthr/o- joint-osis condition; process

p. 431





Diseases of the Joints and Ligaments• Osteoarthritis• Crepitus

A rattle – (Latin)

• RheumatoidRheumat/o- watery discharge-oid resembling

pp. 431-433




Diagnostic Procedures

Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Procedures• Arthrography - uses a radiopaque contrast dye that is

injected into a joint to coat and outline the bone ends and joint capsules

• Bone density test - measures the bone mineral density to determine if demineralization from osteoporosis has occurred




Diagnostic ProceduresRadiology and Nuclear Medicine Procedures

• Bone scintigraphy –Scint/i- point of light -graphy process of recordingphosphate compounds are tagged with a radioactive tracer and injected intravenously to scan part or all of the body for areas of increased uptake

• X-ray - diagnoses bony abnormalities of any part of the body




Medical Procedures• Cast –

plaster or fiberglass is applied around a fractured bone and adjacent areas to immobilize the fracture in a fixed position tofacilitate healing

• Closed reduction –manual manipulation of a displaced fracture allowing bone ends to return into its normal alignment without surgery

• Cortisone injection –the drug cortisone is given by intra-articular injection into 1 particular joint with degenerative joint disease




Medical Procedures• Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) –

sound waves are used to break up bony spurs and treat painful skeletal problems of the foot

• Goniometry –Goni/o- angle -meter instrument used to measureprocedure in which a protractor-like device is used to measure the angle and degrees of range of movement of a joint

• Orthosis –Orth/o- straight -osis condition; abnormal condition; processorthopedic device that is used to immobilize or correct an orthopedic problem




Surgical Procedures

• Amputation –procedure to remove all or part of an extremity because of trauma or circulatory disease

• Arthrocentesis –procedure to remove an accumulation of fluid in a joint by usinga needle or trocar inserted into the joint space

• Arthrodesis –procedure to fuse the bones in a degenerated, unstable joint




Surgical Procedures

• Arthroscopy –procedure that uses an arthroscope inserted into the joint to visualize the inside of the joint and its structures

• Bone graft –procedure that uses whole bone or bone chips to repair fractureswith extensive bone loss or defects due to bone cancer

• Cartilage transplant –procedure that is an alternative to a total knee replacement (inyounger < 40 age patients)




Surgical Procedures• Joint replacement surgery –

procedure to replace a joint that has been destroyed by inflammation

• Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) –procedure to treat a complicated fracture using screws, nails, or plates to hold fracture fragments in alignment

• External fixation –procedure used to treat complicated fractures by inserting metal pins on either side of the fracture




Abbreviations




It’s Greek to Me!

Osse/o-Scoli/o-

Cartilag/o-Fibul/o-

Phalang/o-Articul/o-Vertebr/o-

Oste/o-Ankyl/o-

Chondr/o-Perone/o-Dactyl/o-Arthr/o-

Spondyl/o-

BoneBent, crooked

CartilageFibula

Finger / toeJoint

vertebra

LatinGreekEnglish




Classroom Activity

• Orthopedic Medical Dictation• Perplexing Pairs

Orth/o- vs arthr/o-Myel/o- vs my/o-Perine/o- vs peritone/o-Cephal/o- vs encephal/o-

medical language - fisiokinesiterapia · 2017-01-12 · title: microsoft powerpoint - medic author:...

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