Medical Textiles

SUBMITTED TO:-Dr. Monika Sikka

SUBMITTED BY :-Aditya Grover11110004Textile Technology

ABSTRACT. Medical textiles are one of the most rapidly expanding sectors in the

technical textile market & medical industry . 

. An important field of application of textile in medicine has been

developed . Bandages and wound dressings are most commonly used because they are affordable and reusable.

.The medical textile should have bio-compatibility, flexibility and

strength.

INTRODUCTION. Combination of textile technology and medical sciences has

resulted into a new field called medical textiles.

. Development in the field of textiles, either natural or

manmade textiles, normally aimed at how they enhance the comfort to the users.

. Development of medical textiles can be considered as one

such development, which is really meant for converting the painful days of patients into the comfortable days.

Characteristics of materials for medical use The major requirements for biomedical polymers Non toxicity Nonallergenic response The ability to be sterilized Mechanical properties Strength Elasticity Durability Biocompatibility

Classification of Medical Textiles

 

These are the textile products for medical applications include materials as fibres , yarns , woven , knitted & nonwoven etc.

 

Depending upon the usage, they are classified as :-

 

Healthcare and Hygiene products

Extracorporeal devices

Implantable materials

Non-implantable materials

Healthcare & hygienic products

An important area of textile is the healthcare and hygiene sector. The range of products available for healthcare and hygiene is vast, but they are typically used either in the operating theatre or in the hospital wards for hygienic, care and safety of the staff and patients. They could be washable or disposable.

Surgical gown :- Surgical gowns should act as barrier to prevent release of pollutant particles into air. Traditional surgical gowns are woven cotton goods that not only allow the release of particles from the surgeons but also a source of contamination generating high levels of dust (lint).

Surgical masks :- They should have higher filter capacity, high level of air permeability, lightweight and nonallergic.

Surgical drapes and covercloths: - These are used to cover patients or to cover working areas around patients. It should be completely impermeable to bacterial and also absorbent to body perspiration and secretion from wound.

Surgical caps: - These are made from nonwoven materials based on cellulose.

Extracorporeal devices   These are extracorporeally mounted devices used to support the function of

vital organs, such as kidney, liver, lung, heart pacer etc. The extracorporeal devices are mechanical organs that are used for blood purification and include the artificial kidney (dialyser), the artificial liver, and the mechanical lung. The function and performance of these devices benefit from fibre and textile technology.

Artificial kidney

Tiny instrument, made with hollow hair sized cellulose fibres which is used to remove waste products from patient’s blood.

  Artificial liver

  Made of hollow viscose to separate and dispose patients’ plasmas and supply fresh plasma.

  Artificial heart

An 8-ource plastic pump lined with decom velour to reduce damage to blood and is a

  chambered apparatus about the size of human heart. Silastic backing that makes the fabric impervious to emerging gas that is not desirable in the blood.

 Mechanical lung

Made with a hollow polypropylene fibre or a hollow silicone membrane.

Used to remove carbon dioxide from patients’ blood and supply fresh oxygen.

Implantable materialsThese materials are used in effective repair to the body whether it is wound closure (sutures) or replacement surgery (vascular grafts, artificial ligaments etc).

E.g. Sutures, soft tissue implants, orthopaedic implants, cardiovascular implants etc.

Why textile implants?

 Biocompatible materials

Material combinations

Mechanical characteristic adapted to the environment

Adjustable macroscopic structure

Specific surface design

Vascular prosthesis The first artificial vascular graft was produced from polyamide

fibre in 1956 Vascular grafts are used to replace, bypass or maintain function of damaged, or diseased blood vessels in small, medium and large diameter.

The major requirements of a good vascular graft include:-

 

Non-fraying

  Flexibility

Durability

Biocompatibility

Stability to sterilization

Resistance to bacteria/viruses

 

Surgical Sutures

Surgical Sutures are medical devices used to hold body tissuestogether after an injury or surgery. It generally consists of a needle with an attached length of thread. A number of different shapes, sizes, and thread materials have been developed. A suture should be chosen with the following properties :-

 

Tensile strength

  Stiffness

Easy handling properties

Good knotting security

Non-implantable materials

 

These materials used for external applications on the body and may or may not make contact with skin. They are made from co-polymer of two α amino acids.

  This includes wound care, bandages, plasters, pressure garments, orthopaedic belts etc.

Surgical dressing :- These are employed as coverings, adsorbent, protective and supports for injured or diseased part. They are different types:-

� Primary wound dressing

� Absorbent

� Bandages

� Protective

  Adhesive tapes

Primary wound dressing :-

 Placed next to the wound surface

Nonwovens with a binder content of 60% and made of cellulose �fabrics are being

used.�

A dressing should possess the following properties :

Healing properties, regulated mainly with the substances which are applied to or added to the dressing.

Causing no mechanical injury of a granulating wound.

Decreased adherence surface.

Eliminating a possibility of loose fibers getting caught in the wound.

Stable and spatial structure

Easy penetration of wound secretion to the absorbing dressing.

Painless changing of the dressing.

Bandages :-

These are narrow cotton or linen, plain weave cloth of low texture, either woven or knitted. There are different types:-

Cotton and rubber elastic net bandages -- for sprains and strains

Cotton rubber elastic net bandages -- net fabric of lace construction.

Plaster of Paris bandages -- cotton cloth is impregnated with a mixture of calcium sulphate.

Orthopedic cushion bandages.

Crepe bandage -- elastic in nature due to special weave allows it to stretch twice its length.

Adhesive tapes :-

 It is narrow, plain weave fabric having a coating of adhesive paste. It is used with other pads to conform them on the injury

CONCLUSION:- 

Textiles are more and more developing into high-tech products with interesting changes in the market. Each country has its own regulations and standards for medical textiles. As medical procedures continue to develop, the demand for textile materials is bound to grow.

References: 

1. I.V.Walker ,proceedings of Medical Textile Conference,1999,Bolton Institute, U.K. Publishing Co., Cambridge,12 - 19.

 2. G.Fisher .Technical Textile Int., July/Aug 2003, 19.

3. magic-magnet.com/products/accessary2.htm.

4. www.journalofwoundcare.com

5. Dr.V.K.Kothari, Journal of the Textile Association –Nov.-Dec.2006.vol.67 p : 181 - 185

6. J Luneschloss and W. Albrecht Non-woven Bonded Fabrics, p : 404 - 452

7. https://biotextiles.wordpress.com/surgical-sutures/

THANKS