DR B. R. AMBEDKAR NIT JALANDHAR

MEDICAL TEXTILE

SUBMITTED BY -

VICKY RAJ 11110079

TEXTILE TECHNOLOGY

7TH SEMESTER

ABSTRACT

Medical textiles are one of the most rapidly expanding

sectors in the technical textile market. It is a combination of

medical science and textile science. It has been categorised

under technical textile and have attracted many researcher.

Some of the important field of application of textile in

medicine are wound care and preventing chronic wounds.

Bandages and wound dressings are most commonly used

because they are affordable and reusable. The medical textile

should have bio-compatibility, flexibility and strength.

INTRODUCTION

Combination of textile technology and medical sciences has

resulted into a new field called medical textiles. New areas of

application for medical textiles have been identified with the

development of new fibers and manufacturing technologies

for yarns and fabrics. Development in the field of textiles,

either natural or manmade textiles, normally aimed at how

they enhance the comfort to the users. Development of

medical textiles can be considered as one such development,

which is really meant for converting the painful days of

patients into the comfortable days.

The number of applications are huge and diverse, ranging

from a single thread suture to the complex composite

structures for bone replacement, and from the simple cleaning

wipe to advanced barrier fabrics used in operating rooms.

Characteristics of materials for medical use

The major requirements for biomedical polymers

Non toxicity

Nonallergenic response

The ability to be sterilized

Strength

Elasticity

Durability

Biocompatibility

CONSTITUENT ELEMENT OF MEDICAL TEXTILE

PRODUCT

FIBRE USED FOR MEDICAL AND HEALTHCARE

APPLICATION

Textiles materials that are used in medical applications include

fibres, yarns, fabrics and composites. Depending upon the

application, the major requirements of medical textiles are

absorbency, tenacity, flexibility, softness and at times bio

stability or biodegradability.

Fibres used in medical field may vary from natural fibre such

as cotton, silk, regenerated wood fluff (absorbent layer), to,

manmade fibres like polyester, polyamide, polyethylene,

glass etc.

CLASSIFICATION BASED ON USAGE

a. Healthcare and Hygiene products

b. Extracorporeal devices

c. Implantable material

d. Non-implantable materials

HEALTHCARE AND HYGIENE PRODUCTS

An important area of textile is the healthcare and hygiene

sector among other medical applications. The range of

products available for healthcare and hygiene is vast, but they

are typically used either in the operating theatre or in the

hospital wards for hygienic, care and safety of the staff and

patients. They could be washable or disposable.

Its application are in

Surgical gown

Surgical mask

Surgical cap

In hospitals ward

EXTRACORPORIAL DEVICE

These are extracorporeally mounted devices used to support

the function of vital organs, such as kidney, liver, lung, heart

pacer etc. The extracorporeal devices are mechanical organs

that are used for blood purification and include the artificial

kidney (dialyser), the artificial liver, and the mechanical lung.

The function and performance of these devices benefit from

fibre and textile technology.

IMPLANTABLE MATERIAL

These materials are used in effecting repair to the body

whether it is wound closure (sutures) or replacement

surgery (vascular grafts, artificial ligaments etc)

Biocompatibility is of prime importance if textile

materials are to be accepted by the body.

These four factor will determine how a body will react

to the implant

1 The most important factor is porosity which

determines the rate at which human tissue will grow

and encapsulate the implant.

2 Small circular fibres are better encapsulated with

human tissue than larger fibres with irregular cross-

sections.

3 Toxic substances must not be released by the fibre

polymer, and the fibres should be free from surface

contaminants such as lubricants and sizing agents.

4 The properties of the polymer will influence the

success of the implantation in terms of its

biodegradability.

SUTURE

Sutures for wound closure are either monofilament or

multifilament threads that are categorised as either

biodegradable or non biodegradable. Biodegradable

sutures are used mainly for internal wound closures and

nonbiodegradable sutures are used to close exposed

wounds and are removed when the wound is

sufficiently healed.

CARDIOVASCULAR IMPLANT

Vascular graft are used in surgery to replace damaged

thick arteries. It is produced from polyester (Dacron and

Teflon). Artificial heart valves, which are caged ball

valves with metal struts, are covered with polyester (e.g.

Dacron) fabrics in order to provide a means of suturing

the valve to the surrounding tissue.

NON IMPLANTABLE MATERIAL

These materials used for external applications on the

body and may or may not make contact with skin. They

are made from co-polymer of two α amino acids.

This includes wound care, bandages, plasters, pressure

garments, orthopaedic belts etc.

CONCLUSION

Textiles are more and more developing into

interdisciplinary high-tech products with interesting

changes in the market. Each country has its own

regulations and standards for medical textiles. As

medical procedures continue to develop, the demand

for textile materials is bound to grow. Medical Textile

Competence Centres are being established to make the

most of knowledge, expertise and existing collaboration

with medical researchers, microbiologists,

physiologists. Shorter production cycles, higher

flexibility and versatility, and lower production costs are

some of the reasons for the popularity of nonwovens in

medical textiles.

REFERENCE

HANDBOOK OF TECHNICAL TEXTILE

http://www.fibre2fashion.com/industry-

article/4/330/medical-textiles7.asp