By Elliot Young

Medieval Beverley

In the middle ages carts where one of the main forms of transport. The cart men pulled people to and from the market.

Cart men

Armourers made armour and weapons for Beverley’s soldiers and their horses. Before leaving for battle, Beverley’s soldiers paraded at North Bar.

Armourers

Medieval bakers were punished for selling poor bread - they could be fined or ducked on the ducking stool, which was down Tiger Lane.

Medieval bakers

Glovers made gloves from leather tanned in the town. Beverley Grammar School pupils would give them to the officers of Beverley Minster.

Glovers

The North Bar is the earliest brick built town entrance in England.

Bricklayers

Stephen the Goldsmith once worked for the Canons of Beverley Minster and made silver shields and plate for churches and rich merchants.

Gold smiths

Beverley’s Jerkin makers made leather tunics and held their own market between St. Mary’s Church and Saturday Market.

Jerkin makers

Farriers and Lorimers traded along York Road, which used to be called ‘Lorimers Row’. Outside the Bar, horse fairs were held.

Black smiths

In the Middle Ages, almost everyone wore hats including men, women and children. Noble people wore fancy hats and jesters wore a fool’s cap!

hatters

The remains of several windmills can be found on the Westwood. They were used to grind grain that waslocally grown.

Wind millers

A fletcher made arrows fitted with feathers (called flights). Arrows which where fired from a bow where a popular type of weapon in the middle ages.

fletchers

Many medieval butchers traded in Beverley some in Butcher Row, others at the North end of Saturday Market and at the Beck.

butchers

Walkers were part of the wool industry. They walked on woollen cloth to shrink and thicken it around the ‘Walker Beck’, which now runs beneath Walkergate.

walkers

A Cordwainer made footwear out of the finest leather. Beverley’s medieval shoe market was nearby.

cordwainers

Spinners were mainly women. Spinning was a cottage industry, originally done by hand, using a spindle whorl. From the 14th century, spinning wheels speededup production.

spinners

Tailoring was an important medieval craft because all clothes were hand-made from scratch. There weren’t any ready-made clothes, like today!

tailors

Medieval Barbers didn’t just cut hair – they were surgeons, pulled teeth and healed wounds. Their sign was the snake and it is still shown on most ambulances.

Barber Surgeons

YorkCottinghamhull

Surrounding areas

In the Middle Ages, York was home to great wealth and great squalor. It was noisy and crowded: the city was filled with narrow lanes crammed with houses. Some had yards where they kept pigs and other animals. But there were also gardens and orchards within the city, and the open country and farmland was never far away. Documents suggest that the wealthy invested in property. The earliest, accurately dated house to survive is a two-storey terrace called Our Lady’s Row in Goodramgate, which dates back to 1316. As the 14th century progressed building techniques improved and thatched roofs were replaced by tiles.

York

Baynard castle in cottinghamBuried and earthwork remains of part of a medieval magnate's residence, which has been known as Baynard Castle since at least the 19th century. The monument includes the inner court, the full circuit of the inner moat, part of the outer court which retains known medieval archaeological remains, and the undeveloped part of the surrounding defensive bank. The rest of the outer court, defensive bank and surrounding outer moat have been developed for housing during the 20th century, and the level of archaeological survival in this part is unknown and it is therefore not included in the scheduling.

cottingham

The wide River Humber forms the southern boundary of East Yorkshire and separates Yorkshire from Lincolnshire. It is undoubtedly the most obvious historic dividing line between the North of England and the Midlands.

Humber is a Celtic river name meaning 'good- well' and the root of the name can be traced back to the Sanskrit 'Ambhas' meaning water. The antiquity of the name demonstrates the river's importance. The Humber gave its name to the ancient kingdom of Northumbria - the land north of the Humber which once stretched as far north as Edinburgh - and the river forms one of the largest river estuaries in England, matched only by the River Severn and the River Thames.

The Humber is formed by the confluence of Yorkshire's River Ouse with that famous river of the midlands called the Trent. The two rivers merge at Faxfleet, about six miles east of the port of Goole.

Hull