Melissa MarionMelissa MarionMike MilkinMike Milkin

Eric MillEric MillChris VitoneChris Vitone

Procedures for Monitoring the Structural Integrity of Venetian Bell Towers

IntroductionIntroduction

Belltowers being neglectedBelltowers being neglected– physical and cultural dangerphysical and cultural danger

Past research - visible attributes Past research - visible attributes – Simplistic ranking for restorationSimplistic ranking for restoration

We will monitor these towersWe will monitor these towers– More technical way of ranking need for preservationMore technical way of ranking need for preservation– Will be an enhanced methodologyWill be an enhanced methodology– Will redo previously evaluated towersWill redo previously evaluated towers– Will evaluate some new ones, if feasibleWill evaluate some new ones, if feasible

ERIC

MEL

General Bell Tower InformationGeneral Bell Tower Information

107 towers107 towers Oldest – 7Oldest – 7thth Century. 11 Century. 11thth

Newest – 9Newest – 9thth Century. 1912 Century. 1912 Tallest – 314 feetTallest – 314 feet 1994 & 1995 – 23 towers1994 & 1995 – 23 towers

MEL

Social ImpactSocial Impact

HistoryHistory TallTall CultureCulture

– CelebrationCelebration– On the hourOn the hour– FestivalsFestivals

Civic Tower of PaviaCivic Tower of Pavia

Past Uses of TowersPast Uses of Towers

Past UsePast Use

Cause of NeglectCause of Neglect

Proposed Future UseProposed Future Use

MIKE

FeaturesFeatures BaseBase

– Composed of non porous rock/clayComposed of non porous rock/clay

ShaftShaft– Built with brick, metal supports.Built with brick, metal supports.

BellfryBellfry– Built of brick with Lavish stone or Built of brick with Lavish stone or

clay decorationsclay decorations

SpireSpire– Slanted roofs were built with Slanted roofs were built with

cclay shingles.lay shingles.

MIKE

WebGIS Database for Bell TowersWebGIS Database for Bell Towers

Collection/examination of existing dataCollection/examination of existing data– 1994 &1995 IQP Data1994 &1995 IQP Data– EarthwatchEarthwatch

Design a unified database schemaDesign a unified database schema Software for each levelSoftware for each level

– Microsoft Access – data warehousingMicrosoft Access – data warehousing– Map Info – GIS MapsMap Info – GIS Maps– WebGIS – Port into online formatWebGIS – Port into online format

ERIC

Structural Integrity IssuesStructural Integrity Issues

WindWind– Dynamic ForceDynamic Force– Strain on tower wallsStrain on tower walls

BellsBells– Effect on bell frameEffect on bell frame– Vibrations translate to Vibrations translate to

wallswalls

CHRIS

Structural Integrity IssuesStructural Integrity Issues

Uplift PressureUplift Pressure– Rising tidesRising tides– Changing of aquifers Changing of aquifers

Ground StabilityGround Stability– Variation in densityVariation in density

CHRIS

Instrumental MeasurementsInstrumental Measurements

Allow quantitative Allow quantitative assessment of towerassessment of tower

Perform Perform measurementsmeasurements– Wind ForceWind Force– Bell VibrationsBell Vibrations– Uplift PressureUplift Pressure– Soil compositionSoil composition

Duration of Duration of measurementsmeasurements

CHRIS

Visual MeasurementsVisual Measurements

Correlate Visual and Instrumental Correlate Visual and Instrumental ParametersParameters

Perform measurementsPerform measurements– DimensionalityDimensionality– InclinationInclination– Damage assessmentDamage assessment

CHRIS

Revised MethodologyRevised Methodology

ERIC

Analyze the validity of our Analyze the validity of our measurementsmeasurements– Look at correlations between Look at correlations between

visual and instrumental visual and instrumental measurementsmeasurements

– Decide which are worth Decide which are worth continuingcontinuing

Modify old methodology for Modify old methodology for evaluation of belltowersevaluation of belltowers– Factor in our valuable Factor in our valuable

measurementsmeasurements

MIKE

AnalysisAnalysis The influence of natural forces on the TowerThe influence of natural forces on the Tower VisualVisual measurements vs. measurements vs. InstrumentalInstrumental

Refine the set of visual measurementsRefine the set of visual measurements

MIKE

Instrumental MeasurementInstrumental Measurement

Measurement timesMeasurement times

ParametersParameters

Predicting influencing Predicting influencing factors.factors.

WindWind 30mph30mph 30mph30mph 15mph15mph 1mph1mph

Ground PressureGround Pressure 15n15n 40n40n 17n17n 16n16n

Bell V.Bell V. 0m/s/s0m/s/s 4m/s/s4m/s/s 4m/s/s4m/s/s 0m/s/s0m/s/s

TowerTower

Acc.Acc.

2m/s/s2m/s/s 7m/s/s7m/s/s 3m/s/s3m/s/s 1m/s/s1m/s/s

WindWind 30mph30mph 30mph30mph 15mph15mph 1mph1mph

Ground Ground PressurePressure

15n15n 40n40n 17n17n 16n16n

Bell V.Bell V. 0m/s/s0m/s/s 4m/s/s4m/s/s 4m/s/s4m/s/s 0m/s/s0m/s/s

TowerTower

Acc.Acc.

2m/s/s2m/s/s 7m/s/s7m/s/s 3m/s/s3m/s/s 1m/s/s1m/s/s

MEL

Refinement of Visual ParametersRefinement of Visual Parameters

From the Results: List From the Results: List – Suggested Visual Suggested Visual

ParametersParameters– Which Towers?Which Towers?

Work in ProgressWork in Progress