2016 Central America Summit

Featured Speaker

Ms. Pamela Anderson

Member of the Board for International Food and Agriculture Development (BIFAD) and

Director General Emeritus International Potato Center

Central America Summit: Forging a Viable Future INVESTMENTS TO ACCLERATE PROGRESS Pamela K. Anderson 28 June 2016 CIP Director General Emerita BIFAD Member

Introduction

TARGETING

SUSTAINABILITY

ACCOUNTABILITY

Investments to Accelerate Progress

By 2050, the world population is expected to reach 9.7 billion

We will need to increase food production by 70%

International Potato Center

Agriculture based countries Mainly SS-Africa

417 million rural people

Transforming countries Mainly Asia, MENA

2.2 billion rural people

Urbanized countries Mainly Latin America

255 million rural people Agr

icul

ture

’s s

hare

in g

row

th 1

990-

2005

Rural poor/total poor, 2002

The Functions of Agriculture Differ in the Three Worlds of Agriculture

0 100%

80%

0

50%

20%

Source: World Bank 2007

TARGETING: Geography, children, youth,

& women

Latin America is the Region with the Highest Degree of Economic Inequity

Source: thecollaboratory.wikidot.com

Economic Inequity in the Northern Triangle

Honduras Guatemala El Salvador

Annual GDP Gini Coefficient Growth 3.5% (WB 2014) 53.7 (WB 2013) 4.2% (WB 2014) 52.4 (WB 2011) 2.0% (WB 2014) 43.5 (WB 2013)

Honduras - Zones of Influence Total Population: 8,075 million (UN 2015) $1.25 Poverty: 13.4% (2010) ZoI Population: 1.5 million (FtF) ZoI $1.25 Poverty 45.8% (FtF baseline)

CHILDHOOD STUNTING

In 2015, of the 7.3 billion people on the planet: 794 million are calorie deficient

2 billion people are micronutrient deficient 161 million children <5 are stunted

Source: 2015 Global Nutrition Report (IFPRI)

Age: 2 yr 9 mo BW: 10.7 kg Height: 78.3 cm

Age: 2 yr 6 mo BW: 11.6 kg Height: 86.4 cm

Girls from ANDAHUAYLAS (Photograph: Courtesy of UNICEF)

Childhood Stunting in the Northern Triangle

El Salvador Honduras Guatemala

Prevalence of stunting < 5 children 1992 1997 2002 2007 2014 36.7 29.5 32.3 24.6 14.0 42.5 44.5 34.5 29.9 22.7 54.1 55.4 50.0 50.1 44.0

Source: UNICEF, WHO, WB (GHI 2015)

Honduras - Zones of Influence STUNTING Total Stunting 22.7% (GHI 2015) ZoI Stunting 38.5% < 5 children (FtF)

Guatemala - Zones of Influence STUNTING Total Stunting 44.0% (GHI 2015) ZoI Stunting 67.4% < 5 children (FtF)

Percentual Contribution of Determinant Factors to Malnutrition

Food

26.1%

Health

19.3%

Women Status

11.6% Female Education

43.0%

Source: Smith & Haddad 2000

MSGC

Prevalence of Stunting by Highest Levels of Maternal Education

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Bolivia Colombia DominicanRep.

Guatemala Haiti Peru

Pre

vale

nce

of s

tunt

ing

NonePrimarySecundaryHigher

2003 2005 2002

2002 2005 2004-6

Source: OPS, Salud en las Americas 2007

The Youth Bulge

AFRICA ASIA LAC < 15 Years 41% 26% 24% 15 – 24 Years 19% 17% 16% TOTAL 60% 43% 40%

Source: UN World Population Prospects, 2015 Revision

Six Challenges from LAC Rural Youth Institutions and communities do not recognize or pay attention to young people Urban/rural dichotomy Lack of assets Limited market access Limited integration into development programs Limited access to education and training

Source: IFAD Governing Council 2011

School Drop Out Rates in Central America

139 Source: Adelman & Szekely (World Bank) 2016

Women as Agents of Transformation

Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI)

5 Empowerment Domains Decision-making in production Access to productive resources Control over use of income Community leadership Time allocation

Guatemala – WEAI PILOT 625 individuals 22.8% of women empowered Lack of: Community leadership Control over income Access to resources

SUSTAINABILITY: through government & private sector

Government’s Social Compact Creating policy for an enabling environment Investing in infrastructure Investing in education Investing in public goods research

Pests and Diseases – Ongoing Challenges

Photo: Francisco Morales, CIAT

New Challenges – Coffee Rust

Drought Tolerant Maize for Africa 140 new varieties in 13 countries of sub-Saharan Africa on an estimated 1.23 million hectares benefiting 3 million households Supplied by 110 African seed companies

Climate Change

Photos: CIMMYT

Agricultural Science & Technology Indicators (ASTI)

Source: Ag Reserach in LAC, Stads et al (IFPR) 2016

Honduras Guatemala Costa Rica Mexico

Total Agricultural Total Ag Researchers Spending (FTEs) (millions, 2011) 88 7.5 142 15.6 242 37.1 3,967 710.4

Private Sector: Driver of Inclusive, Sustainable

Value Chains

Inclusive Businesses …profitable busineses that integrate the low-income segments into their mainstream business activities as consumers, distributors, suppliers, and/or employees – to create shared value. Source: USAID “Partnerning for Innovation”

Mesoamerican Staples

Value Addition for Staples

Photos: CIMMYT

Extreme Poverty in Peru

Source: GRADE (Peru) 2003

2002 2006

PERU: Native Potato Chips Market

2008

MT

1000

2000

Creative imitations

Large companies

Certification

2004

PMCA: Commercial Innovation

2009

Spaces Dedicated to Potatoes - Supermarkets in 2014 -

Diversification to High-Value Crops

Loroco

Sharing Value Along the Value Chain

Seeds fertilizers IPM technologies Advisory services

Processing

Retail sales

Commercial venues

Improved production

Improved quality

Fair market prices

Procurement

Transport

Packaging

Distributing

Input provider Farmer Wholesaler Processor Retail

ACCOUNTABILITY: Metrics, indicators &

learning for impact

Feed the Future Results Framework

166 Thank you