MEMILIH ALAT ANALISIS

ALAT ANALISIS

Alat analisis yang tepat adalah yang sesuai

dengan tujuan penelitian

Setiap alat analisis memiliki persyaratan dan

keterbatasan tertentu

Alat analisis kuantitatif pada saat ini

mendominasi

PENELITIAN DISKRIPTIF

Banyak menggunakan descriptive statistics. They

provide simple summaries about the object and the

measures.

A single variable/object has three major

characteristics that are typically described as follows:

The distribution

The central tendency

The dispersion

The ratios,etc

DISTRIBUTION

The distribution is a summary of the frequency of individual values or ranges of values for a variable.

One of the most common ways to describe a single variable is with a frequency distribution. Frequency distributions can be depicted in two ways, as a table or as a graph.

Distributions can also be displayed using percentages or nominal number

CENTRAL TENDENCY

The central tendency of a distribution is an

estimate of the “center” of a distribution of

values. There are three major types of

estimates of central tendency:

Mean (rata-rata)

Median (nilai tengah)

Mode (modus)

DISPERSION

Dispersion refers to the spread of the values

around the central tendency. The two common

measures of dispersion are the range and the

standard deviation.

The standard deviation allows us to reach some

conclusions about specific scores in our

distribution.

15,20,21,20,36,15,25,15

Assuming that the distribution of scores is normal or bell-shaped (or close to it!), the following conclusions can be reached: approximately 69% of the scores in the sample fall within

one standard deviation of the mean

approximately 95% of the scores in the sample fall within two standard deviations of the mean

approximately 99% of the scores in the sample fall within three standard deviations of the mean

N 8,0000

Mean 20,8750

Median 20,0000

Mode 15,0000

Standard Deviation 7,0799

Variance 50,1250

Range 21,0000

RATIOS

Perbandingan antara satu (lebih) indikator

dengan indikator lain

Menggambarkan proporsi sesuatu terhadap

sesuatu lainnya untuk menunjukkan sesuatu

indikator baru

Secara teknis sederhana, hasilnya dapat

diperbandingkan antara satu entitas dengan

entitas lainnya

RATIOS

Digunakan untuk mengukur data mikro (ex.

Perusahaan) maupun makro (ex. Negara)

DI konven telah banyak dikenal ratios standar

Untuk ekis masih terbuka luas untuk berkreasi,

mengingat ada perbedaan indikator yag

dikehendaki

PENELITIAN KOMPARATIF

Fokus adalah mencari perbedaan

Perbedaan bisa ditentukan secara kualitatif

diskriptif atau menggunakan statistik

inferensial

Banyak alat uji statistik yang bertujuan untuk

menguji perbedaan nilai antara dua variabel

atau lebih

ALAT UJI BEDA

Two-Sample Tests of Hypothesis

Mann Whitney U test

Chi Square test

Kolmogorov test

Anova

ESENSI UJI BEDA

Kita punya hipotesa:

Ho : U1 = U2

HA : U1 ≠ U2

Pengujian untuk menolak atau tidak menolak

hipotesis

Jika menolak Ho (tidak menolak HA), artinya

ada perbedaan, vice versa

PENELITIAN RELATIONAL

Korelasi seringkali dianggap kurang memadai,

lebih baik kausalitas

Korelasi/kausalitas bivariat atau multivariat

Ada banyak alat uji korelasi, tetapi pada saat

ini metode regresi dipandang lebih

menyeluruh.

ALAT UJI KORELASI

teknik Var 1 Var 2 ket

Product

moment

Cont cont

Rank diff

(rho)

Rank rank N<30

Kendall’s

Tau

Rank rank N<10

Cor. ration Cont cont Nonlinear

relation

CORRELATION VS. REGRESSION

Correlation analysis is used to measure strength of the association (linear relationship) between two variables

Correlation is only concerned with strength of the relationship

No causal effect is implied with correlation

REGRESSION ANALYSIS

Regression analysis is used to:

Predict the value of a dependent variable based on the

value of at least one independent variable

Explain the impact of changes in an independent variable

on the dependent variable

Dependent variable: the variable we wish to predict or explain

Independent variable: the variable used to explain

the dependent variable

REGRESI

Kelebihan regresi

Melihat korelasi sekaligus kausalitas

Mengukur besaran korelasi sekaligus

signifikansinya, baik secara parsial maupun

menyeluruh

Karena mengukur kausalitas, maka dapat

digunakan untuk melakukan prediksi

PROSEDUR REGRESI

Rumuskan hubungan antar var dalam fungsi

matematik dan statistik

Mencari nilai parameter var berdasarkan data

Pengujian validitas:

Uji teori

Uji statistik

Uji ekonometrik