memorizing 150 words a day (toefl)

2

:پیشگفتار ثب ثب بت اسجب٣ ياش آا ثب ىاؼیب لار ا یی ١ی٠

ثب ب اب ١شي یا ى ای ا ١ی٠ هب٥ ١ی ث٠ از ایی .ىاى ها١ی ب ب ث٠ ا ثب ا ىیی ظب١ يی

یي ب، ا٥اف لی٤ ثب اب ٦وی اسجب٣ ث ػلا يی ى ا ا ب هشی ٠ ر ای ث٠ ى١ی ی ها ب ١ ى ا ا ١ی سی

.ى ی بیب ا ي ب ١ ى یجییي ػی ٦ق ث٠ سػ٠ ثب یشایي ب .یجبي سبك بر سبی ب ؼػ٠ ای

ای ثى بثىی ث٠ سػ٠ ثب .ثذبیي هب٥ ث٠ ا بر ای ا سؼياىی ١ هى ز ا د یي كلظ ا ـز 150 ١ ى ٠ یی سی٠ ب ث٠ ب !ایي كاكش٠ ا سبك بر سب ٠ ىیي ها١یي ١لش٠ یي

ى هىىای آ كلظ ثای ي ا ؼػ٠ ای بر ثؼ٢ی بىی ىی ث٠ .ای

ػلاه٠ ٠ ػی، ٦ق ١ ثب ىشب سب ثای روز در کلمه 150 یادگیری مجموعه ي لاك٠ ١بی ا اشلبى ا ىاي ایی ثب ٢ ـبر یبىیی ث٠ لیي ىاي ای سبك اي، ببی ١بی آ ى ز هي یب اي

.از

EnglishPersian (ep)ااسي ب آی

!ى+ آة : ي !ى ١بی ایا ث٠ هبع یة آ

Example: We always go abroad in the summer.

Phonetic Synonym Meaning

[ə'brɔ:d] overseas, internationally

یغ، ثی ا، هبع


[ə'brʌpt] sudden سي، ب٢بی

abroad

abrupt

!!آثكز: ي !یيث٠ ٥ ب٢بی ؿی شظ ایؼبى آثكز ١ب

Example: Our conversation came to an abrupt end when George burst into the room.

3


[æk'septəbəl] permissible هج ى، هبث هج ، دیكش


[ə'kleım] praise سلی ى

acceptable

!١ی هجز ىث٠ هب٥ . ثىسبث ػز : ي Example: They are standards that provide a basis for consistent and acceptable minimal levels of quality, performance, safety, and reliability.

acclaim

!اهی= ای : ي .ىثبیي سلی ا ایا ی اهی، ا یب ١لز

Example: The film, which will be released in the UK later this year, has already won considerable acclaim in the US.

4


['æktʃʋəlı] truly اهؼب


[æd'vɜ:rs] unfavorable وبق، ثػ

actually

!؟اهؼب ـیا : ي Example: Before you say something about somebody, make sure that you actually know the facts.

adverse

!اىی٠ ی! +اى: ي !ی٠ؿا یی ! سب اىی٠ ١بز ثػ اىی٠ ی

Example: The most common adverse effects reported related to skin irritation and skin burning.

5


[æd'vaıs] suggestion یلز ى ، ب ى


[ə'træktıv] appealing ػاة

advice

ای+ ػبىی: ي !یی ب ث٢ز ی٠ ػبىی ای سب یلشز

Example: The salon also offers hairdressers advice on how to run their businesses better.

attractive

(act)از + ػ٦: ي یب ػ ػ٦ ؿی٠؟؟ ب ػ٦ ؿی٠؟ (act)از

(ive)ي ٠ ى ایؼب ث٠ ػا لز اشلبى ! ػاة ى Example: The shop was full of attractive men buying Valentine's cards for their gorgeous women.

6


[ɔ:'tɒnəməs] independent هىىا، شو


[,dısə'pru:vəl] objection ى، ػي سیت

autonomous

!١شي ١autonomousایا اسث ١بی : ي

Example: The establishment of the University as an autonomous statutory body independent of Government is supported by many provisions in the University Act.

disapproval

!+ اث١ب + ىی : ي !!سیت يث٠ هب٥ ػي ای اث١ب

Example: Daniel pulled a face at Arthur, making clear his disapproval and dislike of Alicia's suitor.

7


[dıs'rʌptıv] disturbing وش ي ، یوش٠ ١ى


[hæp'hæzərdli] arbitrarily, carelessly

سبىكی، اسلبهی

disruptive

!اشی+ ى : ي !١ ی٠ وش ی٠ث٠ ثي كؼبیز ١بی اشی ی٠ ی آى ى ثب ؿا

Example: At an early age he began to show signs of stubborn and disruptive behavior.

haphazardly

!(ىلا)ىی ١ا ١لز : ي !!ییدیيا ث٠ ٥ سبىكی ا ثی ( ىلا)ىی ١لز ١ا

Example: The locations are all thoroughly, if rather haphazardly marked.

8


[aı'dıəl] perfect ىوا، ایي آ


[pər'sıstənt] constant ؼع، وب، ثبىا

ideal

persistent

! یشب+ د: ي !ىا٠٠ ا یشب هیي ثب دی

Example: The processes used affect the environment and generate persistent wastes, and the products themselves may have undesirable emissions and toxic effects.

Example: The pavement managing system to identify pavement conditions is an index of 10, with 10 representing an ideal road surface.

9


[waıd] broad یغ، ػی٠، د٢


[əd'vænst] progressive دیكش٠

wide

!سبیي: ي !جب د٢ یی ثب سبیي یی

Example: The big Canadian cut inside and, with a typically scrappy attempt, sent a deflected shot spinning wide of the left-hand post.

advanced

Example: The company says talks on its new development at an advanced stage.

10


['ædvent] arrival ظ٢


[əd'væntıdʒ] benefit كبیي، یز ، یز ىاى

advent

:يadvent=ad + went "went" is the past tense of go."ad vent" is opposite of "go" which is "come".(ie) "arrival” Example: That does not mean that you cannot profit long-term from the advent of the Internet.

advantage

!آاشب: ي !آاشب ىا كسجب ٠ یز ١بیی یی ا

Example: Against this may be made the argument that New Zealand already gains sufficient advantage from existing arrangements.

11


['ædʒəl] nimble ؿبثي، سي ،


[ɔ:l'bi:ıt] although ای٠، ؿ٠ا

agile

!آػی: 1ي !ك ی؟آػی ىهز ىی هشی ػیي ی٠ ى ؿوي س هى

!ػؼ٠ ى: 2ي !!ثبیغ ثب ػؼ٠ ، سي

Example: They are so agile when they move, thanks to their abundance of elastic muscles.

albeit

!اجیز: ي !اجیز اؼثی اؿ٠ هث٠ ی ثيی ١ ىا

ثى ی ث٠ ك٠ ثؼي ا دیيا اؼب هة ثیز ١بی سب اؿ٠ = + allثیز !!ىی

Example: Throughout this year retail sales have shown a rise, albeit a declining one, on levels of a year ago.

12


[ə'laʋ] permit اػب ىاى، هز


[əˈpiːlɪŋ] alluring هاشی، ػاة

allow

appealing

!اد: ي !ی هيبر بذیسیزی٠ ى ػاة سی ز ١ب اد یی ا ز

Example: The dishes above are already designed to have appealing colors for beautiful presentation, so just put them together.

!ا: ي !!!!یيی ث ثیاػب ! ث٠ دير یی یی ا

Example: The scarf's purpose is to allow the bobbin case hook to get close to the needle eye and catch the thread to form a stitch.

13


['selə,breıtıd] renown ٢، ؼف


[kən'tempə,rerı] current ١ ى، ؼب

celebrated

(آبیب= لاثاس ! )یی ؼف ىی (celebrated)لاثاس 3: ي

Example: Whenever his celebrated opera performances leave him time, Heppner tries to fit in a recital.

contemporary

!كای+ بظ : ي !يی ب ثى كای ى بظ ٠ ١ ػ ١

Example: It is a travelling show which builds on exhibitions held earlier to present contemporary works from both the East and the West.

14


[dı'strıbju:t] dispense سوی ى ، سیغ ى


[ın'kʌrıdʒ] inspire سین ى

distribute

(!!boot= ؿ٠ )ثر + 3 (three)+ (this) ىی: ي !!سوی ىشبر ؿ٠ ثی سب 3ای

Example: There are lots of people now employed in in big warehouses to distribute goods which would formerly have been distributed through retail outlets.

encourage

!ب با سیو ى ٠ ثیش ای = ای با : 1ي !یى سین ای بغ ىاؼیب ث٠ س = بغ +ای: 2ي

Example: We hope it will encourage people who would normally not consider travelling by train.

15


[,enər'dʒetık] vigorous كؼب، د سبد


[freıl] fragile لیق، ز، بى

energetic

!سیي+ ای : يث٢ ی ای ( كب٠ سبدز١ ى ظ )ی ٠ ١ سیي ای ىا

!سیي

Example: It is therefore difficult to model the energetic costs of intermittent activity using standard methods.

frail

كی: ي .لیل٠ ز بى !ؿ٠ ػی٠؟١وبز كی ػ

Example: He was desperately frail , too weak to move his limbs but still strong enough to let out that cry which tears at every human heart.

16


[rı'faın] perfect ،دبلاییي ، دبى هب ى، سلی٠ ى


[,wɜ:rɵ'waıl] rewarding هبث اكشا، اي

refine

! اك٠: ي !هب ى ىی٠! ؟اك٠ ب ؿی٠بذ

Example: Good investors continually refine their stock picking method, tweaking it here and there.

worthwhile

(!ا و)اص ی : ي !ايی٠ هبث اكشاآى اص ی

Example: If I can change just one person's mind, then my speaking out will have been worthwhile.

17


[ın'rıtʃ] enhance ؿی، سا


[ın'tensə,faı] heighten سيیي ى ، وز ى

enrich

!ای: ي !يهى ؿی ى سا آ١ب ثب ای

Example: The goal would be to improve body composition, increase muscle strength and enrich the quality of life.

intensify

!سظیق ١بای : يىا ىى سيیي ی٠ كو٤ ( اشلبى ی٠٠ ثای ثش ه )ای سظیق ١ب

!ی٠ای٦ وز س Example: Gradually the relationship began to intensify and, in 1991, they married.

18


[əb'zɜ:rv] notice ب١ي ى، ىیي


['ɒn,gəʋıŋ] current ى كب دیكز

observe

!+ آة : يای يا ػ ىیي ؿا هى ؿب ی آة بی ٠ یب شا كو٤

!!ىیا

Example: Carefully observe someone whose gesticulation style you like.

ongoing

!كب دیكزى ( =ى كب كش) On+going! سي سي ثؼی : ي

Example: It is a widely held belief that continues to be a factor in their ongoing support of the war.

19


[prə'pəʋz] suggest دی٢بى ى ، ٥ف ىاى


[rı'stɔ:r] revitalize سؼی ى، د ىاى ، ث٠ كبز ا ثىاي

propose

! د+د: ي ! یؼی هیی د یي! یي د دىی ابیی ٠ ی٠ ٥ف یب دی٢بىی ىهز

Example: Each commission will propose one candidate to fill each vacancy.

restore

!شا: ي !ي ث٠ بي ثىاي يثىاي د ا سؼیار شا ث٠ كبز ا

Example: That is why I have returned to restore my clan to its glorious position that it once knew.

20


['vaıtəl] indispensable ١ی، كیبسی


['ɔ:ltər] modify ػبثؼب ى ، سـیی ىاى

vital

Vitamin+ all: ي .ثای اب كیبسی ايیشبی ١ب سب

Example: Among other major tasks, the liver detoxifies harmful substances, purifies your blood and manufactures vital nutrients.

alter

!ك٠ ثب اش ػبثؼب س ه٤ اش : ي

Example: This lining method is a nice clean one and has the advantage of letting you alter the vest if it doesn't fit correctly.

21


['ænə,laız] examine آبی ى ، سؼی٠ سلی ى


['eınʃənt] old ثبشبی، هيیی

analyze

ancient

!+ آ : ي !هیی هيیی٠( ب٠) آ

Example: My pinball skills were no longer celebrated, I was a has-been, a thing of the ancient past.

Example: Counselors try to analyze me but can't give my parents an explanation.

22


[ə'nɔııŋ] bothersome ؼ آ، اك


[æn'tısə,peıt] predict دی ثیی ى

annoying

anticipate

(!اكي ايا یی)كر + 30( + tea= ؿبیی)سی +آ: ي ١ی ی٠ دی ثییػس٠ ىشبس شیي ی٠ ػؼج٠ بس ؿبیی ثب : ؼی ي

!ی٠ كؼ ؿوي (anticipate)! سی ی كس٠آ یيكؼ٠ یی ی٠

Example: We anticipate his moves and prepare counter-moves to exploit them.

Example: He's very annoying talking about his dogs.

23


[kən'fɔ:rm] adapt ٦بثوز ىاى ، كن ىاى


[dı'tekt] notice دیيا ى، ق ى

conform

! س٦جینك +: يثب ١ س٦جین ك ١ب ث٠ ای ای٠ ایی ثب ٠ سب كبی یبى یی ػبی ی٠

!!س٦جین (conform)كثي ی٠ Example: In any particular situation, any 18 centers will do, even if they don't conform to this pattern.

detect

!ى سي: ي !ثى دیيا . ث٢ز ی س٠ س٠ س٠ ، ى س٠ ىی٠

Example: I may be completely wrong, but I detect a faint whiff of arrogance and even racism in the Economist article.

24


['di:fekt] wickedness بشی، ػیت


[æm'bıgju:əs] vague ثب اث٢ب، ج٢

defect

ambiguous

!!بی ككب ١ ج٠٢ػ٠ : ي

Example: He gives an ambiguous answer to his initial question.

Example: The property is free from defect.

25


[ə'pærənt] visible ب، آ ا١ق


[,ɑ:rbə'treərı] haphazard اهشیبی، هاىاىی

apparent

apparentثيی ؿ ؼی٠ ث٤ ؼی ظب١ ي٠ ٠ appearبكی٠ ٠ ث٠ :ي !آب١ ی٠

Example: There has been an apparent failure to contact or evaluate some of the children concerned.

arbitrary

!(three) 3ػثی : ي !اهشیبی٠ش٠ ١ب ا٠ ٠١ 3هي ػثی

Example: It also meant freedom from arbitrary power, which by 1792 was being routinely identified as the power of any king.

26


[ə'sɜ:rt] declare ىكبع ى ، كبیز ى


[ə'staʋndıŋ] astonishing یغ، ػؼیت

assert

! (assert) ایرػ ثبیي ا هىر ىكبع ی ٠ هغ : ي

Example: They are conducted in order to assert authority and extend influence.

astounding

یغ آى ػؼیت ؿیج ٠ اوي هشی یی ! یب ١ اشبيای! اشبيی: ي !ی٠

Example: This was astounding news since York is such a vibrant and thriving city.

27


[ə'stu:t] Perceptive , empower

ب١،


['ɔ:ɵə,raız] allow , let اػب ىاى، اهشیبىاى

astute

!!!!ای ٠ یشی اشبى سلظ ی: ي !!هة اظ اشبى١ب ب١ ىی٠

Example: They are also astute at maintaining public sympathy by regularly deserting the picket lines to save lives.

authorize

( ! ی)ای+اس: ي !!اسبر ایی ر ٠ ثب ىر ٠ اهشیب ىا ث٠ ی

Example: However, they cannot authorize projects without the approval of the appropriate ethics committee.

28


[dı'septıv] misleadingly ي، كیجي


[dı'tɜ:rmınd] resolute ،ؼی، هب٥غ

deceptive

!سجيی ي١ ىیت یلشی ٠ ایؼب ث٠ لز یبى : يdeceive = سلظ ی٠!!( ٠١ هییب)ىیتجی٠...

!!ایب ا٠ هی ىیت ىشش

Example: Appearances are deceptive in these restaurants, which look like dingy pubs from the outside.

determined

( یب١یبرى جلظی )ىسیب: ي !كب١ یػ٠ ٠ ىسیب ١ب ثيي هب٥غ بی

Example: Certainly the final score does no justice to a determined display.

29


[rı'zıljənt] tenacious اسؼبػی، ؼ٦ق


[tempt] entice ١ ى ، ٠ ي

resilient

!ای ز: ي !ز ای هیی ؼ٦ق اسؼبػی٠

Example: Children can be remarkably adaptable and are more resilient to trauma than older generations.

tempt

!!ه ىی١ یى س ػی سذ : ي

Example: Jobs that involve entertaining may tempt you to drink more than you intend.

30


[ı'lısıt] extract ىآى ، ، ثی یي اشواع ى


[fər'bıd] ban ع

elicit

(seat) یز+ای: ي !!ىثیبیشبة ١ب ثی سب كبة ای

Example: His name isn't going to elicit a positive reaction - it hasn't for over a year now.

forbid

(!ع! )ػییي آىا اثیز كثیي ي: ي

Example: Environmental laws forbid alteration of the coast.

31


[pı'tıʃən] appeal زىاىها، ىهاز


[rı'lıŋkwıʃ] abdicate ى، سى ى ، ؿ دیي

petition

!!ىهاز ى دشی : ي

Example: They want the Supreme Court to overturn the decision and have submitted a petition for a writ of certiorari.

relinquish

(ثيیىثب اسجب٣ یوا ) Re – link – Wish: ي !بس٠ؼی ش٢بى ای

Example: There is no evidence of her ever wishing to voluntarily relinquish the post.

32


[ə'meız] astonish سؼؼت، شؼؼت بهش


['bæfəl] puzzle ا ى، یؾ ى

amaze

.ییاهؼب شؼؼت یی ب١ هشی اوي ثي ب آىهز ١بی : ي

Example: Football's incredible ability to throw up surprises never ceases to amaze me.

baffle

!ث٢ز ١ث٠ ٠ی ٠ ثبیي یغ ا١ ثكب : ي

Example: Would they do a complete about-face and baffle everyone?

33


[beər] tolerate, contain, carry

ثى، ، ك ى سل ى


[blɒk] obstruct اياى، ثى ، ثي آى، ي ي

bear

(ك = ثج ى سلظ كبی كف ی ی٠ كف )ثی: ي

Example: No one really came to that dump to eat, so she was never really that busy, but work got so monotonous that with every passing day it seemed like she wouldn't be able to bear it.

block

Example: “The parked cars block the road and leave nowhere for anyone to pull in.” he said.

34


[blɜ:r] cloud ى سی سب ، ٠ ، سیی


['brıljənt] radiant ثب١، یى

blur

ي از اث٤ سب ي سی سی ث ثب ١ب ثبػض كشب : 1يهب٥ سی سب ىاه ب یی ث٠ ع اشب ثی ١ز ٠ هشی یي : 2ي

!ثى ١یـی یجیی

Example: His novels blur the boundaries between criticism and fiction.

brilliant

!ثب٠١ یى هیی ثیب : 1ي !!هیی ؼبع ش٠ىابى یواى ىهشی ٠ هغ ػی ثیب ا ا : 2ي

Example: We'll definitely keep an eye on your brilliant caree!

35


['kɔ:ʃən] warn اكشیب٣


['tʃælındʒ] dare ث٠ جب ٥جیي، ؿب

caution

!بب اكشیب٣ كشی : 1ي !ىی اكشیب٣ ىی ! ١ب ؟؟ثـ٠ : 2ي

Example: Rather, love, and its consequences, is seen as a valuable goal, but one to be pursued with caution and handled with care.

challenge

!ؿب هى١ : ي

Example: My uncle took up the challenge and bolted out to the rescue.

36


['deləkıt] fragile ظیق، لیق


[ın'hæns] strengthen اكى، ثبلا ثى ، یبى ى

delicate

(cat)!ز + ى : ي !ى ث٠ ١ب هیی ظیق لیل٠

Example: Of delicate health, he was constantly ill and in pain in the last ten years of his life.

enhance

!ای ١يكی ثج ثبلايای : ي

Example: After all, governments are supposed to be there to enhance our quality of life.

37


[ın'tri:g] fascinate ىی٠ س٥ئ٠ ى


[pər'sweıd] convince شوبػي ى ، اىا ى

intrigue

!ی+ into: يى كب ىی٠ س٥ئ٠ ١ ی ىاش٠ ثب٠ (ىاه ل )ی ٠ ای س

!ى٠

Example: The cabinet was a nest of intrigue.

persuade

!ي ایي؟؟؟؟؟ د ایيد : ي !ا ي ثىثى اىاس ی ث٠ د

Example: He did everything he could to persuade the police that he was the robber.

38


[rı'pleıs] substitute ػبیی ى


[ʃed] discard اياهش، یوش ، اكي

replace

shed

!!ؿبیی یوز اياهشی ثییيا : ي

Example: That could allow it to shed jobs without adding to its fixed costs.

Example: This is required to replace older medicines that will eventually face competition from generic substitutes.

39


[ju:'ni:k] rare ، ثی ١شب ، ثی ظی سي


['tʃi:flı] mostly وب، ػيا

unique

یشبز= ی٠ ب س یب ی، : ي یجبيؼبی سي اكي ث٠ uniهى : ش٠

Example: They employed the unusual, if not unique , move of boycotting their own executive meetings.

chiefly

!! ػز ی ثی ا ؿیلی ی٠ئی : ي !شي ی٠ ػيا اب

= chief)ئی(

Example: An audience consisting chiefly of women between the ages of 18 and 54

40


[kɔ:rs] rough ثی اىة، ىز، ه


['kɒmən,pleıs] frequent دی دب اكشبى ، ٠١ ػبیی، ؼی

coarse

ه آىبی ی اظا بی ابیی ٠ یيا ثب ! : ي !ىز ثی اىة ١ش

Example: Elderly people often describe the hard days of the past with examples of how they struggled with inadequate and coarse food.

commonplace

common+place: ي !دب اكشبى ايدی ػب١بیی ٠ ػی ١ش ١ ؼی

Example: If you think buffets are commonplace and boring, just try the beverage buffet.

41


[kəm'pærətıvlı] relatively وبی٠ ای، س٦جیوی


['kɒmpleks] complicated وش٤، دیـیي

comparatively

!یا٠ وبی٠ ث٢شي ث٠ ثوی٠ هیی ثبىی جز ذ ١بی : ي

Example: The latest generation of drugs that are comparatively cheaper offer great promise.

complex

!ذی هیی ذ٠یش : ي

Example: The vehicle has four wheels all connected by complex machinery that simple minds like ours can't begin to describe.

42


[kən'venʃənəl] traditional هاىاىی ، دی ز


['kjʋrıəs] peculiar ك٢، ؼب

conventional

! ٠١ ؿی بب٠ك١ی آ (conventional) سی ب: ي

Example: Of course, conventional training wisdom doesn't condone this.

curious

ثبیي ثیش ىهز ٠ !( )ث٠ ه ال٢بیب ی ٥ف ! ): ي !( ؼب ٠

Example: She closed the door behind him and watched, curious to know who would do this.

43


[ık'si:dıŋlı] extremely یبىث٠ كي


[ık'sklu:sıvlı] restrictively لا

exceedingly

!یيی١ هى٠ ٠ ب ؼی شاىك : يExtremely! اكا٥ی/ كي ا ثی / یبى ی٠ ث٠ كي ٠

Example: Both teams looked exceedingly sharp even after the two and a half week Christmas break.

exclusively

Example: Do you think that this kind of expression is exclusively the product of an urban setting?

44


[ı'mens] massive یغ، ثیا ، ثی ايا


[ın'di:d] truly كویوشب، اهؼب، اهؼی

immense

!ای: ي !ه٠ ١بیی ٠ یغ ث ای ١ش

Example: He certainly used it in the sense of destiny that is carved out by immense human efforts.

indeed

!ىیياای : ي !ىازكویوز ای ىیيا یبز ػ٢ی اهؼی ثى

Example: For those who have dived upon an untouched shipwreck the experience is described as very moving indeed.

45


['rıdʒıd] stiff ل، لز وز ، ػيی


[ru:'ti:nlı] ordinary سی ، ، ػبىر ػبی

rigid

؟؟!یی ٠ یبىس٠ػجيابي : ي !هیی لز وز ػيی ثىى آ

Example: By being so rigid , he is unable to adapt and trust.

routine

Example: Inside and outside the house the same routine was followed as in the previous year.

46


[sə'fıʃəntlı] adequate بكی


['vızəblı] extant یی ، هبث یز

sufficient

visible

!ی٠ ثؼ٢ی اهغ ىی هي ثؼ٢ی اهغ ٠ C! بكی=بكی: ي

Example: These were necessary but not sufficient conditions for the end of the old regime.

!هب ىیيی ثىث : 1ي .ىهز یي ٠vision ی ث٠ : 2ي

Example: She hasn't got a bad back or broken leg or some other easily visible form of injury.

47


[ə'prəʋprııt] proper اهشب ىاى ، ثای هى ثىاش


['klærə,faı] explain لبف ى ، ا١ق ى

appropriate

A PROPERTY HE ATE: ي

Example: But it still wouldn't be appropriate to make a big deal of the fact that I have a famous father.

clarify

(لاىشی)لای: ي ١ی٠ ى كب لبف ى ( لاىز ايا١ )اي ٠ لای ابیی !اي١ب ی دؼ ی٠

Example: Further careful epidemiological research is needed to clarify who benefits most from such treatment.

48


[kən'fɜ:rm] prove سبییي ى ، سيین ى


[kən'si:l] hide د٢ب ى

confirm

!! سبییي( ٠اشجب كش٠ conformك ١ ی٠ لز ی جبیي ثب ) كی :ي سبییي ث٠ ػبیی ( ك)كیثب ٠ سب ىا كبی یبى یی ی٠ ی٠ ایی

!!! سبییي ( ك)ای٠ ث٠ كی

Example: As for the manipulation of final salary pension, I can confirm that is true.

conceal

!!یثبی (conceal) ١ب ی س اسبم هبی ی ثب ثـ٠ : ي

Example: They were at great pains to conceal that information from the public.

49


['kɒnstəntlı] continually ىایب، يا


[kən'vi:njənt] suitable ا ىز، بت

constantly

!شبشی: ي !ثىدو شبشی كیی ثى ٠ يا ىایب ى كب كی ١ب ا ثی سب

Example: He was constantly on her mind.

convenient

!بیز: ي !بیز ثای ػبثؼبیی ی٠ بت از

Example: This is timely and convenient for patrons, and it saves a great deal of staff time and attention.

50


[kɔ:r] nucleus ، ١ش٠ ـ ى ١ ؿیی


['krıtıkəl] dangerous هی، ثلای

core

!: ي !ىاه ی ی ؿی٠؟ ١ش٠

Example: I told you again that you were the reason Adam ate the apple and its core .

critical

!دس: ي !دس البهی هیی ثلای هی ي

Example: The second younger couple was so seriously injured that they were airlifted to Hamilton General Hospital in critical condition.

51


[dı'stɔ:rt] deform غ ى، ب١ا ى ،

اياهش ا ٥جیؼی


[də'vɜ:rs] different وشق، ب

distort

!ىشار: ي !!!یيغ ٠ یى ٠ دیـی یى اوي ی ٠ ا ىشار دبىب

Example: By taking this stand they are choosing to deliberately distort my views.

diverse

!ىایر: ي .اؼب ىاىث٠ ؿيی ع وشق ی٠ ىایر ی ی

Example: Thus, studies of asthma in racially diverse populations appear to be warranted.

52


['prɒspərəs] thriving بیب، كن


['pɜ:rpəsfəl] deliberately ىه، بت

prosperous

! دی دی: ثب ی٠ سـیی ى سلظ ی٠ ایؼی هي: ي ! ی ٠ دی دی یؼی كو٠

Example: An inventory taken at the time shows a very prosperous society.

purposefully

(prosper)! د د: ي !٢ی ٠ د ا د ثب٠ ػبی٠ بجی٠

Example: He set off for the pasture with a purposeful stride.

53


[rı'vi:l] manifest, expose, display

، آب ى كب ى ؼ ى،


[,ɵıə'retıkəl] hypothetically ظی، ػی

reveal

!كب ی٠١ ؿی ثبیي ؼ بی (reveal)٥جن ا : ي

Example: The reveal about his past is one of the greatest treats Mad Men has to offer this season.

theoretical

!!ب ثىسئی : ي !یؼی ػی جى

Example: This is not to suggest that research is entirely dictated

by theoretical concerns.

54


['skerslı] rarely يسب


[æk'selə,reıt] hasten ػز ىاى، شبثبي

scarcely

.یییىظ scarce ٠ ی: ي !؟ػ سؼثی یبىس٠ ؿوي یبة ثىس بی آ٢بی

Example: She wraps one leg around the other and scarcely pauses for breath before elaborating.

accelerate

!بی ب شبة ىاى ث٠ بی٠ا : 1ي !ثویياكا ا ٥اكی ػيا ا شبة : 2ي

Example: Biotechnology will continue to advance and its rate of advance will accelerate .

55


[kræk] fracture بف، سى


[kri:'eıt] produce هن ى

crack

!!اى:ي ! بف یوسى ی٠ ابیی ٠ اى ف ی ثي سى

Example: Could the Guardian's crack team of theatre experts give the show an instant makeover and turn its fortunes around?

create

Example: If these bodies are left around any longer they will create disease and bring harm to the people.

56


[kri:p] crawl ی٠ ب كش، هیي


[krʌʃ] grind ٠ ي، هى ى

creep

!یذش:ي !یویذش یب ای٠ ٠ ب یبار ىی٠

Example: An attempt to prevent this slow creep of costs.

crush

! لا: ي !!ثى ػجی ي سی٠ سی ىي ا ی ثىاز ؿ ی ىش دب ٠ لا١

Example: No, don't read anything into that, I don't have a crush on my best friend, I'm not that sadly tortured, but I can admit he is cute.

57


['kʌltə,veıt] grow ز ى ، اػز ى


[dık'teıt] impose ىیش٠ ى ، ثبيای ثي هاي

cultivate

! to wait+ ب : یت ثـییی ی٢ یجیی یج٠ ش٠ یی : ي !شظ ثب سب ز ب ث٠یؼی

Example: Farmers grow loose flowers in open fields, but cultivate cut flowers under controlled conditions.

dictate

!ىیش٠: ي !سلی یىيسی ي٠ ىیش٠ ثي یوي ث٠ ب

Example: What's important is that we not try to dictate to companies how they run their labor policies in this country.

58


[dı'stıŋgwıʃ] discriminate سوی ىاى


[flɔ:] defect ى بف، سيثبى ، سى ثىاش

distinguish

discernا ای ي اشلبى ی ٠ ١ هباى٠ یشی : ي

Example: Pinker suggests that our love of music may have developed out of a similar evolutionary need to distinguish different sounds.

flaw

ي دا flyاي ( سيثبى) flawی٠ :ي !!هىسى ١ادیب اياهز ى بكی ٠ ىاه ١ادیب ث٠ هب٥

Example: After a few days of use I can't flaw the actual display at all.

59


['hɑ:rvıst] gather ل، ه ، ، شیؼ٠، ١ب ى

كب


['mırər] reflect ،آی٠ ، ثبسبة ى ؼ ى

harvest

mirror

٤+١: ي !١ ؿی ١ز ثی ٤ ی٠ ه ىز ی

Example: Strict and complex regulations control all aspects of the harvest and production.

Example: The young man saw himself in the mirror behind the bar.

60


[əb'teın] gain ثيز آى ، كا١ ى


['pɑ:rtıkəl] fragment ی، هى ،

obtain

...١ز ث٠ ا آثشیآهب ؿ٠ ی٠ س : ييی ا٠ ث٢شی الا آى ، ااى ی هی ىا ١ ؿی هاش٠ ثيز اوي

...!هباى كا١ ى

Example: I had to obtain permission from her father.

particle

Example: He agrees without hearing the least particle of evidence.

61


['setəl] colonize ىاى ، ى وی


[træns'pɔ:rt] carry اشوب ىاى ، ىك

settle

set+all: ي !!بی ٠١ ؿی سظی٠ ٠ ب ي ثبی وی

Example: They rely heavily on international agreement to settle problems.

transport

!!سایز ب ساذس٠سیی ١بی : ي

Example: The story is a family affair against a backdrop of dirty dealings in the underground transport system.

62


['ækjərıt] precise لیق، ىهین


['klæsə,faı] arrange ىش٠ ثيی ى ، ست ى

accurate

!سؼیی يىهین ث٢ ١ی٠ ١ی ث٠ ر م = rate+ ای ی : ي

Example: Police say the weapon used in the shootings was likely an assault rifle or a hunting rifle, accurate up to 650 meters.

classify

ی٠ ىش٠ ثيی كؼ كؼ ب ایؼب ٠ ث٠ لا ا١بك٠ ي ٠ دي ify: ي ىثيی ى ، ست ى ، ى

Example: And if allowed, they will classify the documents for 100 years.

63


['kʌrənsı] money د، د ایغ


[di:p] thorough ى، ف، ػوی

currency

30+ ب: ي !ىلا د هع ی٠یی 30ثای ى ب بیب٠

Example: No claim had been made during the currency of the policy.

deep

!ىیذ٠: ي !ث٠ ر ػوی ف ا٥لاػبر ىاشيهيی ىیذ٠ ١بی

Example: She was taking very little bites of food and looked very deep in thought.

64


[dens] thick شا ، اج ، ؿبی


[dı'pend] trust اثش٠ ثى

dense

depend on

(dance= هیي ) danceسلظ جی٠ ث٠ : ي !!آى هغ هیي شا ی٠

Example: As it turns out, your ears are particularly dense with these pressure points.

Example: It all depends on you.

65


[dım] faint سبیي ،


[dı'spleı] exhibit بی ىاى

dim

(!!ىیسجز )ىی : ي !سب ىی الا یلیز يا ؿ لل٠ بی سجز ١بی

Example: Eventually I could make out a dim figure ahead of me.

display

Example: The display of wealth is the most important way to show a superior position in society.

66


[ek'spɔ:rt] foreign sales بى ى ، ثی ى


[dʒʌɪˈɡantɪk] enormous ػظی، ؿ دی

export

importش٢بى جب١ز ای ٠ ثب : ي اى ى #بى ى

Example: The other is an initiative to boost the export of renewable energy technologies to developing countries.

gigantic

یثبیز بثبیز ث٠ یبثبیز یلشی ٠ جز ٠ ثىای یبى ا gig: ي !ثش

Example: Over at the machinery section, farmers gazed longingly at some of the latest gigantic tractors.

67


[ım'presıv] imposing لیي، ط


['læstıŋ] enduring ثب ىا

impressive

lasting

!ثب ىا٠هیی لاشیي : 1يآه ثب ىا ثى ٠ سب هیی (last+thing)ی٠ آه ؿیی ٠ سب ا : 2ي

!ي

Example: He was not able to establish a lasting dialogue with the United States at that point, however.

!هیی ا٠ لاشی ط( ی٠ سی٠ یت)یت + د+ ای: ي

Example: His achievement is all the more impressive given the in limitations of the chosen media.

68


['treʒərı] bank ؼی٠، ها٠


['ju:nıfɔ:rm] consistent یي ىز، یي ك ، ، یي

ىز یاه

treasury

ها٠ ىاش٠ هز ؼی٠ ٠ س ی٠ ساىی ىاشب اییز هة هشی : ي !ثبی

Example: Any excess money is stored in gold or silver in the country's treasury and saved for times of war.

uniform

كیي = ك+ ؼبی سي یي یجبي ث٠ uni: ي

Example: I quickly change into the uniform shirt front-end assistant manager Patrick loaned me; I didn't want to wear it out on the street.

69


['vaıbrənt] trembling يآ ث٠ سذ ى، ا


[dı'stıŋkt] definite ؼا، شلبر

vibrant

!یج: ي

Example: Her voice was vibrant and rich as before, but with a strange seriousness that she had not expected.

distinct

!this thing is different of that thing: ي

Example: There are two separate and distinct conditions for the exercise of the discretion created by that provision.

70


['dɒmənənt] major ، ؿی ٤


[dræb] prostitute, slut, drowsy, ashy

، ي وش٠ كبك٠

dominant

!ىی : ي !يىی شی ثى ٠ ث٠ ٠١ ؿی ٤ ؿی

Example: One dominant suppressor was identified among the 112 suppressors characterized.

drab

(ىااة ا د یجبي! )ىااة: ي !كشب ی٠كبك٠ كشب ىااة هیی ي از ظ وش٠

Example: We captured nine drab males and nine bright males from each site.

71


[drə'mætık] emotional بیی، ىابسیي


[ı'læbərət] complex اشبىا٠ ، ث٠ كز بهش

dramatic

elaborate

لاثاسا :ي ثب كز یبى سیي ث٠ ىهین ثب ايا ١بی ( لاثاسا)آبیب ٠ ى ١ؿیی

!اشبىا٠ از

Example: This travel involves elaborate planning and discussions about eating.

Example: Then I guess he was always a dramatic kid, he did a really impressive dyeing scene.

72


[ık'sepʃənəl] phenomenal اشظبیی


['hæzərdəs] dangerous ده٦، ه٦بى

exceptional

hazardous

!!!ىى١ا : ي !ه٦ب٠جبیي اؼب كز ؿ هة ! ىىك ی٠ ل٠ ػى ىا ث٠ ب ١ا

Example: Hairdressing is one of the occupations most hazardous to the skin.

Example: Ted was a remarkable and exceptional man, who just happened to also live for 106 years.

73


['mınə,skju:l] tiny هى، ؿي


[praım] best , outstanding ثي، وز، ث٢شی

minuscule

(school)ا +ی: ي !ی كزهشی ؿیي ثى ي٠ یب

Example: Some snakes, such as pythons, retain tiny leg bones, which may be visible as minuscule claws at the base of the tail.

prime

!كب ١ب ١شيث٢شی ثى ١بی دب ى ٦ق ث٠ ىی ثي كب : ي

Example: Cuts with the choice label have less fat than prime , and select cuts even less.

74


[,ru:də'mentərı] basic اثشيایی، ويبسی


['sensətıv] delicate كب

rudimentary

elementary: ي ١ سلظ٠ويبسی ای٠ ثب ای ٠ ٠ ؼی ی٠ سویجب

Example: When I first got into it, the visual language of television animation was very, very rudimentary.

sensitive

!سی یب : ي !!یي كی ( سیی)ی سی كب ثي ؿ٠ بی

Example: The perianal area can be highly sensitive to perfumes, soaps, clothes, fabrics, dietary intake and superficial trauma.

75


[,su:pər'fıʃəl] shallow ظب١ی، ی


['terə,faı] frightening كز ى

superficial

!ی٠و ث٢ ث٤ ثيی ؼی ٠face ی :ي

Example: They were treated for smoke inhalation and superficial burns.

terrify

!ی٠( ىكز ) terrifyثبی ١ب سی ثب اهلاه سب ػب : ي

Example: He increasingly tries to terrify them rather than reassure them.

76


['vıgərəs] strong یي، د ، ساي


['dɔ:rmənt] asleep , sleeping, silent

هاثیي ، بز

vigorous

(vigor)! ٠ كی ییي یبىابیی : ي .بایؼب لز ى ousدي

Example: We are committed to a healthy and vigorous debate at the state level in which the people decide, not judges.

dormant

!!ثواثیوا . بز ثب ه٤ ث ى : ي

Example: The plant sets fruit between July and September and it becomes dormant in early October.

77


[ə'mi:nətı] convenience لایز، ی


[dı'strɔı] ruin هاة ى ، بثى ى، یا ى

amenity

! ابشی: ي .یثهى لایز ٠ ی٠ ابشی ث٢ز یي ثبیي ثب١ب ثب ی

Example: The prospects of severely congested streets, increased health problems and loss of amenity in the city are real concerns.

destroy

! سیكی : ي !ى٠ یا ا٠ ىیي ثبی ١ هاة ى سی

Example: They forget to tell you of this pain, the kind that will eventually overwhelm and destroy you.

78


[dı'spɜ:rs] circulate ، دیب ى ، شلم ي داي ي


['dwelıŋ] house ب ثى ، اهبز یي

disperse

!!ىد: ي !ییی ٠ ىد٠ ١ دیب٠ ا ػغ كب٠

Example: We had such hot weather and there wasn't a lot of wind to disperse it.

dwelling

! اى : ي !يب یجیی ٠ ب ١ ای ٠ ىسب ا ى ى

Example: Many residents of the settlement strive to make their dwellings habitable.

79


['eləmənt] component اب، ای، ػ


[,elə'mentərı] primary ويبسی، اثشيایی

element

!شب ػ ای٠ بزاز : ي

Example: However, if a proton is added to the hydrogen atom, a new element , helium is created.

elementary

.یجبي rudimentaryجی٠ سلظ : ي

Example: Finally, at the base of the educational pyramid, were the parish schools, providing a one-year elementary course.

80


[ı'lımə,neıt] delete كف ى


['emfə,saız] highlight سبیي ى

eliminate

!یب كف ىػی : ي

Example: If we could eliminate stress, would we eliminate a lot of disease?

emphasize

!سئبسآلی بی ٠ آلی ی ثی سبیي : ي

Example: I can't emphasize enough how important it is to pay attention to your body.

81


[ın'sɜ:rkəl] surround كو٠ ى، اكب٠٥ ى


[ı'rætık] inconsistent شـی، ىيی اع

encircle

!اكب٠٥ circle + ای:ي

Example: While I was washing up the coffee cups I felt a pair of arms encircle my waist and a head lean on my shoulder.

erratic

!ایاىر: ي !ایاىر ای٠ ٠ ىيی اع شـی كشبر

Example: Her blood pressure resumed its former erratic pattern.

82


[ıg'zædʒə,reıt] overstate و جبـ٠ آی ، اف یی


['menʃən] remark ب ثى، ، یبى ، ى

exaggerate

(ػار+١ا)ػار +اا: يوب ١ب ١ا ١ سی ٠ !! )ثيسایي ا ث، ا٠ ػار ىای ث٠ ١ا ىز

!!!جبـ٠ ي٠ ى ایؼب (! ١ ثب١ب ىشب ی اشلبى ی ا

Example: No one dragged their rivals to the court; there were very few exaggerated claims.

mention

!ی: ي (!ی)هيا ی لظ٠ ای ا یبى

Example: In its defense, the book does very briefly mention these events on an earlier page.

83


[pıər] dock ثيب، ا٠


['prevələnt] commonplace شيا، ایغ، بیغ

pier

(pier)آى دی : ي ای٠ ىیب ب ا٠ اب دی ی٠ ١ ١ ی٠ ث ت هشی !٠سبب

Example: The shops weren't as good, there were no amusement arcades and no pier or beach.

prevalent

!٢ دیي ٠١ ؿی ى بیغ ی٠سی : ي

Example: One of the most prevalent crimes in wide-open areas like Wiltshire is theft from cars.

84


[ri:'li:s] free اى ى، آ ١ب ى


['benəfıt] assist لؼز، ایب

release

یییی ىشبس ب یی، یی ایی كف ا یی : يPlease release! آاى ٦لب یؼی!

Example: The cinema release is planned for next year.

benefit

!!ث٠ لؼش٠: ي

Example: He has spent his entire political career fighting every significant environmental program that would benefit our nation.

85


[blaınd] unaware ،بثیب


['brɔ:dən] enlarge ؼز ىاى، د٢ ى

blind

!ثیشهي ثي اكشب بثیب ي اكاى : ي

Example: The blind covering the reception window was firmly down.

broaden

ى١: ي !٠١ ٥فا یي یغ ی٠ ؼز ىا ی ١ب ى١

Example: Efforts to broaden classical music's appeal.

86


['bɜ:rdʒən] thrive ػا٠ ى، ١يف ، ي ى


[kən'spıkju:əslı] noticeably ظب١ی، اآب

burgeon

!ثیػي: يػؼیجی ٠ ىا اؼب ي یب ١يكز ای٠ ٠ ثی ث٠ ز ثیػي ثای ىیي ی٠

!ىشؼؼت ی٠ ٠ ٠١

Example: The Vietnam anti-war movement began to burgeon in 1965.

conspicuously

Example: Construction, however, was a conspicuous exception to the general good news.

87


[dı'mænd] insist سوب١ب، ىهاز


[ın'dɔ:rs] support ا٢ب ى ، دز یی ى

demand

!سوب١بی ب ىز ى١ي : ي

Example: The nonsmokers could demand what they wanted in exchange for their rations.

endorse

!٠ا٢ب دز ؿي ثیي ثیبى ! ىب ؼبز؟ای : ي

Example: Why do consumers care if celebrities endorse a product?

88


[ı'nɔ:rməs] tremendous ، ػظی ث


[ın'taıərlı] thoroughly لا، بلا

enormous

!از آای : يى ىیب ثجی سی ٢س ث ث٠ ايا ای ٠ ه ك ی٠ آ

از آای ثب اكشوب ث٠ ٢ؼ٠ ال٢بی ث٠ ىشز یی ثب٠ ١ ىس (enormous) ثب٠...

Example: It is an enormous pressure he shoulders with good grace and a sense of responsibility.

entirely

!ای سبی ػی ث٠ ی دؼ: ي

Example: The action takes place almost entirely in his house, and on a ruined wall overlooking a lake.

89


[ı'rəʋd] deteriorate هى ي، كبی ي بییي


[ı'væpə,reıt] disappear ثوبي، سجوی ي

erode

!ؿی٠؟١ آایاى : ي !ي٠هى ي كى

Example: That could erode overall confidence in the economy and undermine the spending and investment needed to get it moving.

evaporate

vapor !! =اك: يابیی ٠ اى ی هشی ی هة !یاك ی٠ ای٠ ٠ ثب١ب اى

! ثوب یي سجوی ی٠ىى ؟؟ ی٠ ؿی

Example: This gets the oil hot enough to evaporate any moisture.

90


[rı'kʌvər] retrieve لبء یبكش، ث٢جى یبكش


[rı'pɔ:rtıdlı] rumored ث اب ا

recover

!یبكزیبی ػ ؼبر ىاىي ث٢جى ثب : ي

Example: It can take many years to recover from the death of a loved one.

reportedly

.٠ ی بثىیزیذر : ي

Example: She's reportedly unhappy about the article.

91


[ʃıft] switch سـیی ىاى ، سـیی ى


['sʌfər] endure سل ى ، غ یي

shift

ظلا یی ! یبى اشلبى ی١٠ ؿ س كبی ! ـز ىی٠ ٠١ یيای : ي !ي سـیی ىػ یلز بی

Example: You'll learn not to get distracted when the car is about to shift into top gear.

suffer

!ك: ي !!ك١ب وشی ١بی ا سل ی

Example: France will no longer suffer the existing government.

92


['dıgnə,terı] notable هاػ٠، و ث


['kru:ʃəl] critical هی، ثیب وز

dignitary

!!لجثی٠ث آى ثػ ىیشبس ىیبس : ي

Example: One of our guys rolled his oversize truck on a residential street in front of a visiting dignitary .

crucial

Example: Everyone was aware that those games weren't crucial , and it was just the group stage.

93


[ı'lu:d] evade د١ی ى ، ، ىی ى ٥ل كش


['evədənt] apparent ب، آ ثيی٢ی، ظب١

elude

!آى: ي !٠ىی آى ثبیي ا ؿی١بی ظیق ى آ

Example: The most important thing to do now was to second guess their pursuers and elude capture.

evident

apparent: ظب١ی ثب ١ هباى یو : ي

Example: That flaw was evident in the first half yesterday but was rectified almost immediately.

94


[ıg'zɔ:st] deplete هش٠ ى، ا ، (ثوب)هع


[ık'stensıv] comprehensive یي، د٢ب ، یغ، ث

exhaust

بی (exhaust) اث ب جق ١ب ١بی٠ ىایي هشی یواى ی٠ : ي !!هش٠ ي ٠١ ا ىش ٢ ىى ث یيا یي ثی ٠ اوي ىى

Example: Designed with smokeless exhaust diesel engines aided by gas turbines, air pollution is kept minimal.

extensive

!یيی ی٠ ی expensive:ي !ىی ١ ٠ ث٠ ٠١ ػب یي ي ؼز دیيا

Example: The Marine Institute has just completed an extensive refurbishment at its facilities.

95


confront confront اػ٠ ي، ر ، ث ي


['fæsıt] aspect ر ؿي ،

face

كؼ ی٠ ث ي اػ٠ كبز ى ی . ری٠ یيی ٠ ؼی : يی اػ٠ ی٠ ر ثب ثب آى ذى یبىس ثب٠ ٠ ثای ث٠ هب٥ . ي .ی٠ث

Example: Her smile faded slowly as she saw her father's face turn serious.

facet

faceثب جب١ش: ي

Example: Isn't this a normal facet of business daily life?

96


['hırəʋ] idol ىلا، ه٢ب


[,ınəksəsə'bılətı] remote ػي ىشی

hero

!١ااا: ي (hero) ١ااای٠ ه٢ب ا ی٠ ػؼی ى ی٠ ٠١ ی هشی

Example: She's as strong and likable a female character as Davy is a male hero , making this a perfect bookend to book one.

inaccessibility

ای ١ ىشی٠ ث٠ ؼی accessب ب یيی ٠ لی دیي in:يى شیؼ٠ ؼی ٠ . ي٠ سجيی ث٠ ا ه آى ٠y ثب ا١بك٠ ي ثيیي

ی٠ ػي ىشی

Example: How many sales have you missed because the work is inaccessible?

97


['ɒbvıəs] evidently ل٢، ظب١، آب


[prı'dıktəbəl] expectedly هبث دییی

obvious

overt: ییشی اشلبى هباى ا ١ ا : ي

Example: He'd seemed astounded, but poor Ryan had been making himself painfully obvious.

predictable

!ىیش٠+ دی: ي (predict)! ىیش٠س لش ١ز ث٢ ی دی ثـ٠ ىهش ی٠

دی ثیی ی٠ ؼ ؿی ىیش٠ یی٠ ای٠ لا ی س ه٠ ث٠ هب٥ !ی٠ی٠ ا

Example: They observe all the rules and expect others to do likewise, and can be very predictable.

98


[sɒlv] resolve كغ ى، ك ى


['su:təbəl] appropriate بب، بت

solve

! كغ ی٠لار ـز ىیيی یبى ق ی اكشی ٠ سب ای : ي

Example: He is hoping to work with others such as the town council to try to solve the problem in various ways.

suitable

! هیی بت بب ثى( ىاي)ر ث : ي

Example: The big supermarkets could do more to suggest suitable wine and food partnerships.

99


[ık'stri:mlı] extra اكا٥ی، ثی ا كي


['æmpəl] sufficient د٢ب، كام

extremely

ample

ىى ىی آذ ٠ ػبیی ا یؼی یی ی٠ ٦و٠ ی آذ ىی هشی ىهز : ي !ی٠؟

Example: Her ample body became a sign of financial abundance afforded by the upper class.

Example: This is an extremely difficult thing to do.

100


['ærıd] dry ثی ٦بكز، هي ، ثی ف


[ə'vɔıd] avert اػشبة ى

arid

!آى: ي !!!اشلبى ثی ا ايا ا آى ثبػض هی ثی ٦بكشی ثي ی٠

Example: The arid land of this autonomous republic supports a nomadic lifestyle.

avoid

؟اػشبة ىیىا١بر ا هى ؿا ىاى ای ی : ي

Example: If enough people avoid the place of the robbery or the assault, the problem will go away.

101


[dı'faı] resist ث٠ جب ٥جیي ،، سلیي ػ ى

١يیز ى


[ı'nækt] legislate ث٠ ر هب ، ىآى

سیت ى

defy

ى وبث ك٠ ایشبى ب ١ ! ث٠ جب ٥ت ی٠آى كیق ىكبع : ي !وبلز ى ا ١ؼ٠

Example: It is in the nature of disaster to defy representation.

enact

!ػیي: ي !ابیی ٠ ػیي ی های سیت ی

Example: The French Revolution was an attempt to enact his ideas.

102


['i:vən] equitable ع، شؼبى، كشی ، ١ا ى


[feın] simulate اى ى ، ػؼ ى

even

feign

!٠ هاة يسی ي ى ٠ هاة كی بب اى ی ك : ي

Example: The next day I decide that I can probably safely show up at anytime and feign having made an appointment.

Example: They were also level in the table and the game looked like an even match.

103


['fɜ:rtəl] rich دط، ثب ثز


[freʃlı] recently ار، ٥ سبی

fertile

(!ثي= tall)ك سب : ي !دطزثبثز د بی٠ ىا ( ك ثي)سب٠ ىی ی ٠ ك ىهز

Example: The lake, however, has become a fertile subject of debate for joggers and authorities, who blame each other for the decaying of the water body.

freshly

!ػیكا : ييیشب ا ث٠ ٦بكز ػی سبی كا : كا ي سجیـ ای٠آهب ػی

!یجوي

Example: At the moment, with the scandal freshly broken, everyone seems to be blaming everyone else.

104


['fʌŋkʃən] role بى، ظیل٠، سبثغ


[,fʌndə'mentəl] essential دبی٠ ای، ابی

function

١ ا٠ كب : يfunction=action

Example: These factors are a function of sampling effort and sampling strategy.

fundamental

! اب بهش بی ؿی٠؟دبی٠ : ي (Fundamental)! كيای

Example: Some theoretical issues and fundamental material problems remain, however.

105


[,ındı'skrımənıt] arbitrary ا٠ ، هبی ا سجؼی٠


[sı'lektıv] discriminating ثیي، اشوبثی

indiscriminate

٠ ا٠ هبی ا سجؼیي ایز ي ١یـی ؼ ! ای ىیي ی ایب: ي ! یز

Example: Both areas were crowded and the results were indiscriminate casualties.

selective

بایؼب لز ى iveدي: ي

Example: However, at the research level there's no alternative to a proper selective process.

106


['speıʃəs] expansive یغ، ػبىا، كام


[wıɵ'stænd] tolerate سل ى ، وبز ى

spacious

لز ایؼب ى ous ١ی٦ دي ...، ك٢ب ی٠ ػب یيی space:ي .ب

.ى شیؼ٠ ؼی ٠ ی٠ یغ ، ػبىا كام

Example: The rooms are spacious and five have balconies with spectacular mountain views.

withstand

!!ا ى هیی ثبیي یش یثای : ي

Example: In so far as possible, the houses will be designed to withstand earthquakes.

107


['dʋrəbəl] sturdy دبیب، وب، ثب ىا


['feıvər] support هثی، ى كز ، كز

durable

!ثلا ى: ثو ایؼ ؼی ثیه آا : ي !!!یبثب ىا ث٠ سب وب ى ثای ی ٠ ی٠ ي یی ثلا

Example: He also wears durable yet comfortable black nylon pants and thick sneakers.

favor

Example: The fact is that conservative voters favor conservative politicians.

108


[geın] attain لؼز، ى


['dʒenə,reıt] create سیي ى ، ث٠ ػى آى

gain

(!!ى)ي ی ث٠ ی : ي

Example: I'm angry that a company is out there selling my personal information for monetary gain.

generate

!اس سیي ى٠ ىی٠ب : ي

Example: The Austrians have voted not to generate electricity from nuclear power stations.

109


[hɔ:lt] stop شهق ي، ش٠


['hændəl] manage اؼب ىاى ، يییز ى

halt

!كب س= كبز : يهشی كبز ثي يیيا اكشب ش٠ ١ ػى ىا ٠ ا٠ ش٠ ثی سب كبسز

!!شهق ی٠

Example: She had pressed the bell indicating that she wanted the bus to halt at the next stop where she would disembark.

handle

!ى١ : ي !ث٠ يییز ث٠اؼب بار ی٠ سب ی ٠ ثب١بر ١ ى ثب٠ ث٢ز ي

Example: Its lack of depth makes it more difficult each year to handle the newer, larger and deeper vessels plying the southern African route.

110


['hɑ:rbər] shelter دب ثى،، دب١ب ثيب


['hɑ:rmfəl] unhealthy یب آ، ٢

harbor

!١ثب: ي .ازسی دب١ب ایب ثجی دب١ز یي ؿ ا دب ١ثب ٠ ث٠ هيا

Example: Ports that usually average 30 to 35 ships in harbor , now have 60 to 65.

harmful

د ١ ی٠ ك ! د ك: ثو ؼی ایؼی سلظ یه آا : ي !ثوی

!٢ یب آهة د ك س يی

Example: We must protect children from potentially harmful material.

111


[,ınsıg'nıfəkənt] meaningless هی، ببكی، بؿی


[mı'stıərıəs] baffling ،اا آی

insignificant

mysterious

( ث٠ ٢ؼ٠ ال٢بی!! )ی ىاه د ا ا! ی سلی: ي

Example: A young artist has created a mysterious object in a box for a corporate assignment.

Example: Never believe that you are too insignificant to make a difference.

112


['perıləs] dangerous وب٥، ه٦ ، ث٠ ه٦ اياهش


[pəʋst'pəʋn] delay ث٠ سبهی اياهش ، سؼین اياهش

perilous

!١ ١زآى ه٦بی ثب ای كب ی ٠perilous هیی دی : 1ي !ثای ثـ٠ ١ب ه٦ب٠دی : 2ي

Example: If they did not, the situation may be even more perilous.

postpone

!د٠ ا ث٠ سبهی اياهشدز : ي

Example: You observe and store up what you need, but you know, always, that you're escaping something, postponing the inevitable.

113


[prə'məʋt] boost سهی ىاى، سكیغ ىاى


[rı'dʒekt] refuse ى ى ذیكش

promote

!ىاى سكیغوب بب ( كب ؼی ای)دب : ي

Example: The European Commission is actively encouraging member states to promote the early teaching of languages.

reject

Example: Never leave a popular classmate stranded with a social reject for group projects.

114


[səb'stænʃəl] significant ابی، ١ی، ٢


[,kɒnʃı'enʃəs] meticulous ظیل٠ ب، ثب ػيا

substantial

:كك٢ب شسویجب ؿ ث٠ شاىك ث٦ ثيی سب ؼی شػ٠ ثی : يSubstantial = essential!

Example: I went in thinking I'd have something light at noon and then eat a substantial meal later.

conscientious

ظیل٠ ١ ( ىاي١ب ) scientistیجیی یی ٠ scientious: ي . ثب ػيا ١شيب

Example: It is very refreshing to see that there may be an ability to refuse to pay a levy for a reason relating to conscientious or religious grounds.

115


[kən'veı] communicate ك ى ، اشوب ىاى


[ın'kʌmpəs] include كو٠ ى، اكب٠٥ ى

convey

ثب شاىفجب١ز : يconvey = carry

Example: It's in the way we engage in small talk and mobilize our facial expressions to convey interest and sympathetic sentiments.

encompass

ىاه خ هشی كو٠ ٠ ال٢بیىی ث٠ ی٠ هبػی ثب ی٠ ٢بػر : ي (ایؼب ذ٠! )ذی ى ی٠ ای

Example: Learning environments, therefore, must remain interesting and encompass a variety of teaching strategies.

116


[ık'spænʃən] growth ، ث٤ سؼ٠


['haıtən] intensify اسلبع ىاى، ثي ى ، ثبلا ثى

expansion

!اش١٠ اذ : يexpansion = extension

Example: The software industry's expansion plans have triggered a real estate boom in the city.

heighten

height ا آؼبیی ٠ ب ؼیب ي كؼ enى ای ٠ دي : ي .یيی د ؼی ای ٠ ی٠ ثي ى اسلبع كش

Example: Turning points separate the acts, change the course of the story and often heighten the drama by raising the stakes.

117


[,ınəd'vɜ:rtənt] carelessly ؿی ػيی


[ın'evıtəbəl] unavoidable اػجبا، ث٠ بؿب

inadvertent

!اىی٠ سيای : ي !!!ثى ػيی یی ؿی یی ثؼي ث٠ ؿای ىشز اىی٠ سي

Example: There are two separate issues here: deliberate copying and stealing of information, and inadvertent copying and leaking.

inevitable

(ىىػر = invite)ىا ٠ جب١ز ث٠ ایایز ا : ي !!ؼج يی ٠ ب ىػس ی

Example: She made the inevitable cup of tea.

118


['ınfənsı] beginning ػي ثؽ ، وشی ى ی ي


[mı'rækjʋləs] astonishingly ؼؼ آب

infancy

miraculous

!!یلا : ي !كشی ؼبر ىاىثبهز ا آب سی آب ی ث٠ ٥ ؼؼ

Example: The Lions are showing signs, but nothing miraculous will happen in this one.

Example: All their children died in infancy , perhaps from childhood infections so easily treated today.

119


[rı'tri:v] recover ػجا ى، ثبیبكش


[,sıstə'mætıklı] methodically سجب

retrieve

!یب ی١٠ یشی : ي

Example: If possible, use all the types of birds the dog may retrieve in the future.

systematically

Example: These are really issues of practical and systematic approaches to primary care.

120


[ʌn'laıklı] doubtful ؿی لش، ؿی ػاة


[ʌn'wɑ:rəntıd] unjustified ؿی هبث ١بز ، ػی٠ ىیس

unlikely

un+like+ly : ی١ ؼی یشی ػيا ػيا : يun لی ب دیيly یجبيلز ب دي.

Example: It is possible but highly unlikely that he could compel his victim to attend the trial.

unwarranted

!١شيیی لی ب ٠ ی ااشی یب باشی دیي un :ي

Example: I reiterate to the House that this bill is unnecessary, unwarranted , and dangerous.

121


['zi:nıɵ] apex ه٠، ى


['haı,laıts] outstanding بر ثػش٠

zenith

!١ی: ي !سى ثي ١یز، كش٠ ي ی یب ػوت

Example: The sun was well past the zenith.

highlight

!!٢ ثب بیي ١بیلاییز ی ىی٦٠بت : ي

Example: He views that season as the highlight of his career.

122


['ædʒı,teıt] disturb باكز ى ، دیب ى


[,kɒnfə'denʃəl] secret ا ىا، لب٠

agitate

!ایز ىی باكز ي دیبآػیش : ي

Example: If you're going to agitate a person by getting them to eat certain foods, I think you've not given them a quality experience.

confidential

Example: We worked very hard to keep any information that they provide us confidential.

123


[də'laıtıd] elated ه، هلب


[dı'skri:t] cautiously لشب٣، كس، اكشیب٣

delighted

delightedثي ي (delete)ی ی ىای هشی ىییش ی٠ : ي !یی( هلب)

Example: We are both delighted to be playing our football in England and it has happened because of hard work.

discreet

!!اكشیب٣ ی كس جبی ىشیر یا٠ : ي

Example: He jumps in his chair at a discreet cough immediately beside him.

124


['dɒkjəmənt] proven يى، ي


['grædʒʋəlı] steadily كش٠ كش٠، سيیؼی

document

gradually

!!با ػی ث٠ سيیغ ىا بهش٠ ی٠: ي

Example: The situation gradually improved.

Example: There is online archived material to view and printable worksheets to help children document their work.

125


['ınflu:əns] penetration سبطی، ل ، ، ل ى

سبطی اش


[ın'ɔ:rdənıt] affect ، ل٣ ثی ايا

influence

!ی٠ل یغهیی سبطی ثيی ىا ثيی ای٠ ٠ آللاا : ي

Example: Local interests did not need formal representation to exert effective influence over officials.

inordinate

ز+ای اى: ي ! ل٠٥ايا ثی ؿ ز ای اى سی ز هیی ٥ ی٠

Example: She testified that the project was creating an inordinate amount of paper work, far in excess of the norm.

126


['ınstəntlı] immediately كا


[ın'tenʃənəlı] inherent ػيا

instantly

:یيیؿی٠ ث٤ ؼی سلظ ث٠ ١ هباى ٠ یيی : يimmediately = instantly

Example: The box fell apart instantly and the whole content of the box slid out onto my desk and onto the floor.

intentionally

!٥ف ایشبی ىي ٠ ؼف ٠ػيا : ي

Example: I wasn't sure if it was intentionally funny or not.

127


[ın'trınsık] overwhelm ىاهی، ىی


['ınən,deıt] saturate ؿم ى

intrinsic

:ش٢بىا ثب جب١ز : يextrinsic # extrinsic

ثیی #ىی

Example: These systems are inseparable and intrinsic to the problem of designing a school.

inundate

ىي؟؟ؿم ة آس یش ٠ ىشز ( ب سبین)ا ىیز ای : ي

Example: This site could more effectively control floods and would not inundate park land.

128


[ın'vɒlv] include كشب ي ، ، كشب ى ىی ى


['nɒmənəl] moderate ی، ای ، هیز

involve

!(اسث ) ای : ي !كشب ىی یآى ی ٤ ا هاة ١ی٠ اسث ١بی ای

Example: This result does not involve any unconstitutional border crossing by the court.

nominal

Example: If a nominal charge was introduced to defray the cost, I don't think too many people would complain.

129


[prı'zu:məblı] supposedly اكشبلا


[əb'sɜ:rd] ridiculous دؽ، ثی ٦ن ، هف

presumably

likelyی ١ هباى : ي

Example: At least if we were all locked in, we presumably didn't have to be Houdini to get out.

absurd

؟!٠ى ؿبیی ىز آة كبلا ىیيی ی ثب سب : ي !ىی٠ ب ثی ٦ن هة ی٠

Example: The taxi driver was complaining to them, about their rather absurd behavior and making him wait the whole day.

130


[ə'bju:s] ill usage ء اشلبى ى


[,ælə'keıʃən] distribution سوی

abuse

٠ ی٠ ء اشلبى ب لی دیي abؼبی اشلبى ى٠ ث٠ use: 1ي !ى

ی٠ ث٠= a buse: 2ي !ثب ی٠ ث٠ ا ء اشلبى ى

Example: There is a lot of abuse , robbery, corruption, crime and theft of our wealth.

allocation

Example: My account immediately showed that I had no discs at home and was awaiting allocation from their warehouse.

131


['bælənst] equalized ثبلا ، شؼبى


[,kɒnsər'veıʃən] protection كلبظز، ٢يای

balanced

conservation

!١ب ثبیي ى ػبی بت ٢يای ي: ي

Example: It exposes students to research that addresses issues of conservation and management of wildlife populations.

Example: After incubation on ice for 45 minutes, the cells were washed twice in a balanced electrolyte solution.

132


[fə'leıʃəs] incorrect اشجب ، ؿ٤ ، و٠٦ آی


['fi:zəbəl] possible ب دیيی ، ا

fallacious

ای ؼی ث٠ ك٢یي اكشی ثای . fallا ٠ ب یي ثو : ي !false :یبیى ر

Example: However, most of his evidence is in the form of specious and fallacious arguments.

feasible

!يیؼی ی٠ ٠ possibleای ٠ ثب جب١ز : ي

Example: This last idea seemed the best to me - and the most feasible to try and achieve as well.

133


[læk] shortage كويا، جى ، ی، اكشیبع


['lımbər] flexible سب، ٦یغ، هیي

lack

ؿیییب ی جى ! ؟ثبػض ی٠ ىز ي ث٠ ؿی : 1ي !يا س سي ی٠ ی ١ب : 2ي

Example: There is no lack of entertainment aboard ship.

limber

!!ب یجاج : ي

Example: It will not only help you develop a more lithe and limber body, it will improve your strength training as well.

134


[mi:nz] methods ؿب ، اثا


['nærəʋ] thin س، ثبیي

means

!یياشلبى ی٠ اثا ػی ثى ٠ هشی ؿب ای جى ا ی : ي

Example: Arts programs are one means of achieving that goal.

narrow

! : يؿ٠ س ! ىشز سی ی٠ ؿ٠ ثبیي یواى بی ثج س ث٢ یی

!ثبی٠

Example: The roads are very narrow , and the drivers are very aggressive.

135


[,pri:kən'sepʃən] bias ك٢ دی ا هز ، سؼت


[rəʋ'bʌst] energetic سي، هی ١ی

preconception

robust

!ای٠ هی ١ی سيثب ( ثب! )٥ف هیی ثبزیی : ي

Example: She is a pleasantly robust woman of modest means, patriotic in convictions, guileless in manner.

Example: At once the preconception was shattered, and once the mental image was lost, it could not be easily restored.

136


['stedı] constant يا، طبثز، اشا


[swıft] fast ك، ؿبثي، ث

steady

!study steady: ي !طبثز يا ٦بؼ٠

Example: He replied rather quickly as he tried to keep the ship steady.

swift

!٠ؿبثي ك هیی ( هاي)ئیلز سی : ي

Example: It was a messenger, mounted on a slim and swift chestnut horse.

137


['æntə,kweıtıd] old-fashioned ، هيیی، م ٠٢


[kəʋ'hırənt] logical ث٣، یيؿج

antiquated

آشیي هيیی: ي

Example: The antiquated system of temporal note keeping needs to be addressed as a matter of urgency.

coherent

adherentثای ای ـز یشیي : ي : ١شي ؿجیي ١ز ى ظ ثییي ٠ ١ ؼبی ٥كيا ٠ ث٠

coherent=adherent

Example: In fact I was more coherent about the general approach than I can remember being.

138


[dı'veləp] evolve سؼ٠ ىاى


['fæbrə,keıt] invent بهشی ، ا هى ىآى

develop

fabricate

!كبثیي: ي !!ى ثیباهىر كبثیي ی٠ ىؽ ػيیي

Example: Only master craftsmen could design and fabricate such a product.

Example: If I could have my own darkroom, I'd develop my own film and print my work myself.

139


[ın,vestə'geıʃən] probe یيی، سلوین


['nɔ:rməlı] typically ث٠ ٥ ب

investigation

normally

Example: Probably at any one time, there is a politician under investigation , or on trial or in prison.

Example: According to friends was behaving normally up to the day she disappeared.

140


['nəʋtıs] observe اه٦ب، اػلا، آ٢ی


['nəʋʃən] concept ايی٠، س، ػوبیي

notice

notion

!!هیی ػوبیي ػؼیجی ىا! ی: ي

Example: I had no notion of what her words meant.

Example: No one around this school ever noticed him or paid much attention if they did notice .

141


['nɒvəl] original ،ػيیي


[,ɒpə'zıʃən] resistance يیز، ١ وبلز

novel

!( + ٠) no: ي !ؿیی ٠ یز كشب ػيیي

Example: This is not to say that this campaign has not produced any novel ideas; they have just been lost in the flood.

opposition

! وبق یجبي= oppositeای ٠ ى كبز ا : ي

Example: It was supported by the government, opposition , big businesses and trade unions.

142


[rı'kɔ:rd] register طجز، ى ، طجز ى


[rı'leıt] communicate ا ىاى ، ثب ى، و ى

record

relate

! (relate)كز : ي ی٠؟؟ى كز اب ؿ٠ بایی س سیی اؼب ى

Example: He also holds that events that are causally related must be related under some strict law.

Example: If a person is so close minded that they would not want to listen to our music because of the record label that we are on, so be it.

143


[sə'spekt] speculate ء ظ ىاش ، ى ي


[ʌn'baıəst] objective ثی دیوي ، ػبی ا سؼت

suspect

!!٠ ب ثبي ىاش (packed)ث٠ ای ١بی دز ١ی٠ : ي

Example: It's not a bad idea but I suspect it'll take a crisis such as a property crash to make people change their habits.

unbiased

!ثی اب ػبی ا سؼج٠ا : ي

Example: At least it means we can enjoy impartial unbiased commentary from now on.

144


['veərıd] diverse ب، ب ، شع


[æk'sentʃʋ,eıt] emphasize ثب سی٠ سلظ ى ، سبیي ى

varied

!ثيیؼی ی ٠ اشلبى variousهباى ا ا ١ یشی : ي

Example: His work was highly varied , but he became best known for his ingenious use of scrap material.

accentuate

بلا شػ٠ ی٠ ٢accentuateؼ٠ د ثب ث٤ ىاى ث٠ ی٠ accentؼی : ي .يؼی

Example: I am keen to accentuate the positives and there are many if we care to look for them.

145


[dıs'gaız] conceal سـیی هیبك٠ ىاى ، ، سـیی هیبك٠

د٢ب ى


[faı'næns] fund یىاای، بی

disguise

!this guys is always disguise: ي !!ای یب ١ سـیی هیبك٠ یي

Example: A few years back baseball caps were used to disguise someone's appearance.

finance

!اكبی . ىی٠ىاایی یبى ثب٠ هث٠ آى ه ال٢بیب ث٠ : ي

Example: The problem stems from a change in the way public finance is handled.

146


[ı'nıʃı,eıt] bring in ع ى، آؿب ى


[,ınə'veıʃən] novelty ثيػز، آی

initiate

!!ىثم ع ی ١بی ب ثب ! ایشی: ي

Example: A potential initiate is hardly going to stumble upon a support group this small.

innovation

Example: Innovation is crucial to the continuing success of any organization.

147


['næreıt] relate وبی ى ، ىاشب سؼیق ى


[,nevərðə'les] nonetheless ١، ثب ای كب ، ثب ای ػى

narrate

nevertheless

Example: Sometimes, stark images can speak for themselves and even narrate untold stories.

Example: Warm, arid and scented it may have been, but it was an irritant nevertheless .

148


[ə'keıʒənəlı] sometimes اهبرثؼ٢ی ، ٢ب


[əʋ'mıt] neglect كف ى ، ا ه اياهش

occasionally

omit

! كف ا ه ثياایي : ي

Example: This story was omitted from last week's paper due to a technical error.

Example: Very occasionally the condition can result in death.

149


[aʋt'lændıʃ] bizarre ػؼیت ؿیت، ثیب٠


[,əʋvər'kʌm] conquer ؿی ي ، ـة ي

outlandish

:يout+landish => the one who is from some other land. Means unconventional and bizarre to our land. Example: Many of your more bizarre or outlandish schemes will come to fruition.

overcome

Example: She's been able to overcome so many adversities.

150


['pɑ:rʃəlı] somewhat ٥كياا٠


[pæs] approve ش، ى ى ، ػج ى

partially

!!!ا دبب ٥كيا ثیشبب : يY ٥كياا٠ایؼب ٠ ث٠ هیي سجيی ى د ؼی ی٠ ى..

Example: The work partially fulfills the function of a historical memoir.

pass

!ىى یؼی ى یؼی ش ا دب ى : ي

Example: All drivers have to do to pass each other safely is to stay on their side of the road.

151


[pɔ:r'treı] depict سی یي ، سیق ى


[səb'mıt] propose اائ٠ ىاى، سی ي ، سويی ىاش

portray

! picturyثوی ث٠ ای كبز ٠ ١ ٠ یشی : ي . ١ ٠ ٠١ یيی pictureؼی

Example: His rich experience in the field helps him portray each character better year after year.

submit

Example: It is in that context that we submit that it cannot be shown, in effect, whose hair this was.

152


[dı'klaın] decrease ب١


['gæðər] collect ى آي، ػغ ى

decline

!decrease line: ي

Example: In recent years, his health began to decline but his serene and tranquil nature never deserted him.

gather

!یاشلبى put togetherا یشی : ي

Example: She paused to gather her breath and leaned against the wall puffing.

153


['məʋʃən] move كز، ػج


['pɑ:rtızən] biased كبی، ٥كيا ، ٥كياا٠

motion

partisan

party+son: ي !!دبسی ٢ی ثـ٠ ١ب هیی د٥كيا

Example: It is not unheard of for countries to put aside partisan differences in the national interest, usually when the enemy is at the gates.

!: ي !كو٤ ث٠ كػج كشيثؼ٢ی ١ب ظ ،

Example: The plaintiff brought a motion for an order dismissing the action without costs.

154


['pætərn] habit ايا، لاى ، ف٥، ا


[fı'nɒmənə] events آطب

pattern

٥ف دش : ي

Example: Now, if I can stay awake until tonight I might just be able to get back into a regular pattern again.

phenomena

!!سی يی اطی ياش٠( بثىی= كب )كب ب : ي

Example: Early retirement is a relatively new phenomenon in Britain.

155


[,fılən'ɵrɒpık] humanitarian ثىز، ع دز


['plæsıd] calm اكز، آا

philanthropic

ىش٠ث ی٠ ٠ ع دز اب ث٠ ث٣ anthropic: ي

Example: Service learning often relies on a notion of volunteerism, charity or philanthropic effort.

placid

!!١ب (placid) اكز ایؼب دلایي آهیی : ي

Example: The sea was so calm and placid on top but underneath, it was as busy as a train station.

156


['plentıfəl] abundant اك، كاا


[ri:'ækʃən] response ا، ػ اؼ

plentiful

.ظ ثییى fullهز ى یشی : ي

Example: My duck was the best I have tasted: tender meat with crispy skin, and, to top it all, plentiful.

reaction

action-reactionا هى ی٠ : ي

Example: He suffered a severe reaction to the nuts.

157


['rıðəm] pulse ،اهز


['si:nık] picturesque ظ، ل٠ ، ؿ ايا

rhythm

!دبثىیز٠ ی یش : ي

Example: It took him awhile to get back to sleep, but finally he did, and I watched him, listening to the strong rhythm of his heart.

scenic

اشلبى ی٠ ٠ ایؼب یبى سی كبی ١ ٠ (scene)٠ ی ١ : ي .يسجيی ث٠ ا

Example: Her first impressions on arrival was the scenic beauty, the lovely animals and the freshness of the air.

158


['ʃæləʋ] superficial ٦لی، ػن


['ʃeltər] protected دب١ب، دب ، ىاى

shallow

!٠ى ظ ییی ٠ ث٠ ؼی٠ lowى هز : ي

Example: We swam to the shore and in every shallow we stopped.

shelter

!ػب ثيی ث٢ثبیي ل٠ دب يا ػبیی ثای ز يا ب٥ : ي

Example: The week after she died, we received a phone call to transport the animals to the shelter.

159


['vænıʃıŋ] disappearing ؿیت ي، يیي يبد


[ə'kaʋnt] arithmetic كبة، ابز

vanishing

! ی ى بديیي ي! ی: 1ي !ث٠ ی ی٠ ثیثی = ی: 2ي

ثؼي !! ئی هجی٠ شی دی هجی٠ ی هيیی٠ ث كشی ی٠ كشی شب دی س یی (vanish)ی ئی هجی٠ ث٢ز ی٠ ی ثي یی جبش ىز

!!!!بديیي یی ی ر یی ی دز ی٠ س یی ا !! یی

Example: A million years before a mass extinction event, the corals vanish , more or less.

account

ابز: ي

Example: The fact that in typical sized prints the difference is vanishingly small is of no account.

160


[ɑ:r'keıık] ancient هيیی، ٠٢


['heısən] accelerate ػؼ٠ ى ، شبة ى

archaic

:بی ی٠ دثبشب ٠archeology یيی : يArcheology: study of old things & Archaic: The old things on which we study Example: He retained archaic word choices and used footnotes to explain the meanings of those words.

hasten

!هیی ػؼ٠ (hasty) ١شی: ي .ب ى ایؼبكؼ enدي

Example: A couple of undistinguished losses hastened the end of his career.

161


[hju:] color ،كیبى ، سی،


[,ılə'streıʃən] picture سی

hue

illustration

!I lost tradition: ي !ياسیی ز ى ا

Example: It's a clear illustration of the problem.

Example: Each one was simple or complex, and each had its own hue , and shade.

162


[ın'æktıv] idle ؿی كؼب


['ıntrəkıt] complex دیـیي، ى١ ث١ ، ت

inactive

activeؼی ا ٥كی ث٢ ىاى اثشيای ای ٠ ثب لی ث٠ inا١بك٠ ي: ي .كؼبؿی ی٠ یيی؛ ى شیؼ٠ ؼی ٠

Example: In patients with inactive disease, levels fell to those of controls.

intricate

!هیی دیـیيز( كو٠= trick)ای سیي : ي

Example: Even more seriously, this is a play full of the most intricate , knotty, compacted language.

163


['mægnə,tu:d] dimension ثی، ث ي


[ə'blaıdʒ] require ؼج ى ، اىا ى

magnitude

!ثی٠یي یبی ٠ ١ ى magnifier: ي

Example: The brightness increases as magnitude lowers.

oblige

! اىا ث٠ ب ى ی٠ثب ٠١ غ آثی : ي

Example: Photos of interest would be most welcome so if you can oblige please do.

164


['əʋvər,lʋk] disregard ؿ ايا


[pəʋl] vote ،ای ای ىاى

overlook

over+look سي ؼی سي : يover = ثبلاlook =ىیي ٠ ى ی٠ ؿ ايا

Example: A lot of people may overlook him now, but they'll be sorry in the long run.

poll

٠ ثبػض سبىف ى ثبي ١ایی (poll) دػؼی ای ىاىی سب ىش٠ : ي٠!!

Example: the ruling party won 24 seats, narrowly topping the poll.

165


[pə'zıʃən] location ػبیب، هؼیز


['præktıkəl] functional ػی، بثىی

position

practical

!بثىی ي٠ ١practice : ي

Example: The disputes were usually about small things, some of which had no actual ramifications in the practical application of Jewish law.

!كو٤ ث٠ ػبیب هؼیش٠ ٠ هیی هث٠( د)د : ي

Example: They have a different social position to ordinary rank and file union members.

166


[prı'dɒmənənt] principal ثػش٠، ٢ ، ٤، ػي


[prɒmpt] immediate, instant, urgent

ثی ى، كی، یغ

predominant

prominent-important-predominant: ي

Example: The color you choose will be determined by the predominant color of the room.

prompt

!!سي ثبد١ب : ي

Example: The public and the media would criticize the police if no prompt action were taken.

167


[ə'næləgəs] similar to ظی، بي، جب١ز


[ə'prɒksəmətlı] around سویجب

analogous

.ياي ىیؼیشب الا جب١شی ث٠ ١ آب : ي

Example: While information may be analogous to facts, knowledge is what the body makes of these facts.

approximately

Example: It's approximately a year ago.

168


[kəm'pel] obliged ؼج ى ، اىا ى


['fɔ:rmıdəbəl] overwhelming ىا، وز، سبى

compel

!ث ثی( ب= complete)ذز ى ىز ا١بی ٢ اىا : ي

Example: They may compel a witness's attendance at court by issue of a summons.

formidable

!!سب٠ هیی( ی٦ب= devil)ىی + (form)ك : ي

Example: It was an emphatic victory and formidable testimony to his talent and determination.

169


[ın'tru:sıv] annoying ك٢لا٠، ك٢


[,pıərı'ɒdıklı sometimes ث٠ ر ى ای

intrusive

in+trustiveای ٠ هبث اػشبى ١ی٠ : ي !!بار ك٢ی ی٠س

Example: I am satisfied that this is the least disruptive and intrusive order I can make that is consistent with the child's best interests.

periodically

Example: It is the periodical publication of the professional society of newspaper editorial writers.

170


[prəʋn] inclined to شبی، ى، ىا


[prə'fetık] predictive جسی، دیـجی

prone

! دا! دا: ي !!!ثیبى ثیهشی دا ىشش٠ ى یواثی ىا یی سب

Example: The devices are meant to make voting easier, more efficient and less prone to error.

prophetic

remember Prophet Mohammad: ي

Example: The majority occur in the prophetic genre where often these words have a symbolic meaning of blessing or judgment.

171


[prə'pɔ:rʃən] dimensions ى سظی ، ىػ٠، جز


[ˈrɛdɪli] freely ث٠ آبی، ث٠ اكشی

proportion

!!د د٠ ٠ثبیي ٥ی سظی ٠ ٠ ی٠ ٢ ز : ي

Example: She has also attracted the biggest proportion of male viewers to her channel.

readily

!women ready themselves readily: ي

Example: Second hand office furniture is readily available and can easily be given a new lease of life.

172


[rı'laıəns] dependably سی٠، س، اػشبى


[rı'lʌktənt] hesitatingly وبلز ى، ثی ی

reliance

reluctant

!لاي: 1ي !ؿیی ثب ٠١ وبلز ٠ س لاي ث٠ ١یـی ی يا ابیی !( = سلاي)

! یي:2ي !!ؿی وبلز ی٠١ هاثیي ثب ی كش

Example: He was a reluctant reader.

Example: The only thing that changes is the increasing reliance on computer technology.

173


[rı'naʋn] prominence ٢ر، آا


['sækrə,faıs] concession ىكيا ، هثبی

renown

ثين ها !١known : ي

Example: Her pamphlets on faith and Christian living were gaining renown.

sacrifice

Example: This has been accomplished in the faithful obedience of the Lord Christ Jesus and His propitiatory sacrifice .

174


[traı'ʌmf] achievement دی


[ə'fɔ:rd] cause , entail , bring

، ثبػض ي ػت ي

triumph

!ثی كشب ث٠ دیی ییسلاش (try)ا٠ : ي

Example: Nevertheless, I do get a sense from the trailer of a resounding triumph and victory when all is said and done.

afford

!ى ثو٠آلى ثبػض ي ٠ ث : ي

Example: It was taking up more time than he could afford.

175


[kən'tæmə,neıt] pollute ایز ى، آى


[dı'sɜ:rnəbəl] detectable ظب١

contaminate

!!آىس٢ی٠ : ي !!آى س٢ی٠

Example: If not properly disposed of, these substances can contaminate ground water.

discernible

sounds like VISIBLE that is perceivable: ي

Example: Each pebble was clearly discernible.

176


['flɜ:rıʃIŋ] thriving ٥ع، ج


[meın'teın] preserve ى ٢يای ، كلظ ى، كبیز

flourishing

maintain

!!سث : ي ؟!!اظجز یا ؿوي ىهز ىی ػيیيا ثـ٠ ١ب ث س ٠ یو

Example: Will you to the utmost of your power maintain the laws of God?

Example: The year 2003 is shaping up to be a banner twelve months for the flourishing world of the genre small press.

177


[,mi:di:'əʋkər] average كي ٤، ش٤ ، یب٠


['neglıdʒəbəl] insignificant بؿی، هی

mediocre

ی١٠ ىی٠ د ؼی mediumا ث٠ سلظ : ي

Example: The first story was great and the others various degrees of mediocre to all right.

negligible

بهبث= negligible ! یبى بهبث ی اكشیثب ىیي : ي

Example: A spokesman for the county council said only one sign was to be moved at a negligible cost.

178


['pærə,lel] similar شای، ای


[pı'kju:ljər] strange ی، هب

parallel

!ىشب دبا ى ثيبی١ : ي

Example: It's an absolutely extraordinary situation which has no parallel in any other Western democracy.

peculiar

ث٠ ٠ ی )یيی ث٤ ی هی ث٠ particularظـز ١ ای : يparticular یياػؼ٠)

Example: The young woman thought this style of dress very peculiar and abnormal.

179


['pəʋtənt] powerful یي، هی


[rı'mɑ:rkəbəl] exceptional هبث سػ٠، هیی هة ، ػبی

potent

!یي ی٠ هی آى (potent)دسی : ي

Example: Instead they can have very real and potent social and political effects.

remarkable

Example: I love all the little things the company did to make the product remarkable .

180


['skætər] dispersed داي ي ، دو ى


['sɒlıd] steady ػبي، شل

scatter

!!دو یی یثای ثی ٠ ی ( ثيبی)ابرىشب ی : ي

Example: There was only a small scatter of other caravans and motorhomes when we arrived.

solid

Example: I think of it as arising from pain fibers that are not mucosal but deeper in hollow organs or in solid masses.

181


['ti:dıəs] wearying هش٠ ي ، ي


['sʌm,wʌt] little سب كيی، هيی

tedious

!يي ىی ا ١ ػی سياػیز ٠ اهؼب هیی هش٠ سی : ي

Example: We might even find it a bit tedious to keep reading about it in the papers.

somewhat

Example: You're away from the stage by some margin and in this case the music seemed somewhat far off.

182


['bri:flı] concisely ث٠ ٥ هلا٠


['sɜ:rkjə,leıt] distribute ، ى ى ث٠ ى ىآى

briefly

circulate

ث٠ ى ى ی٠ circulate ؼید ! یيی ی٠ ىای ٠ circle:ي !ىآىى

Example: We go to a restaurant and eat, and circulate to chat with other locals, trying to make a plan.

Example: I will briefly summarize some of the main areas of law that are relevant to this case.

183


[kən'sıstənt] dependably طبثز هي، اشا


[ıg'zıbıt] display بی ىاى ، ى ؼ بی

اش

consistently

! طبثز یشز : ي !!طبثز هيی ثب ١ی٠ى آ

Example: Finally, science moves forward because scientists seek to develop logically consistent theories.

exhibit

!ثیيای : ي !ؿ٠ای ثى ٠ ا هى ثى بی ى یبى س

Example: She was invited to exhibit at several French museums.

184


[faʋnd] establish ك٢یي، ى دیيا ، سبی ى


[ım'prɒpər] inappropriately بلاین، ب ث٠ ػب ، ب ث٣

found

improperly

ی٠ ىز ، لیق properیيیب ا ٥كی ١ لی imدي : ي

Example: During the festive season, injuries result from improper use of fireworks.

Example: He was okay, but you've seen found pieces and discarded tat turned into art before.

185


[ın'fri:kwənt] rarely ،بى


['aısə,leıtıd] secluded لى ى، ػيا ى

infrequently

ی٠= frequentلی ب دیي in: ي

Example: She had not spoken to her parents in years and contact with her sisters was sporadic and infrequent.

isolated

Example: The latter state of mind seemed totally understandable given his isolated existence.

186


['əʋvərt] openly ، بآ ث٠ ٥


[prə'faʋndlı] significantly ػیوب

overtly

وبل ا ثب جب١ز : يovert # covert ٢ب #آب

Example: That he avoided overt references to modernity was something the public, shy of change, appreciated.

profoundly

!ث٠ ٥ ػین ا٥لاػبس یبىدك١ب : ي

Example: Those assumptions are important because they so profoundly define us.

187


[ʃɑ:rp] quickly ١یب ، ، سی، ى سی


['sıtʃu:,eıtıd] located اهغ ى، اهغ ي

sharply

س سیؾ ى سی كز ی٠ ٠ ! ثب ای ٠ ١یب ثى بح هى یىش : ي !دیی

Example: I just wore sharp clothes, and whenever anyone asked who was I supposed to be, I told them and smiled.

situated

.اشلبى ی locatedهباى ا ا ١ یشی : ؼی

Example: Their flat was most conveniently situated.

188


['sʌbsıkwəntlı] afterwards شؼبهجب


[,ʌnmı'steıkəbəl] indisputable هبی ا اشجب ، ثی سىیي

subsequently

!ز ػی شؼبهجب یب ثؼيا یواى ثیبىبكت : ي

Example: He was subsequently arrested by a heroic Garda and some members of the local community.

unmistakable

١ mistakeؼیلز ب ١ ableب دي لی unدیي: ي .اشجب٠ ی٠ یيی

Example: They offer unmistakable evidence that summer is, at last, on its way.

189


[keı'ɒtık] disorganized ١ع ع، ثی ظ


[,kærıktə'rıstık] typical و٠، باش

chaotic

!١بی وشق ثي سبطی ىاهز سیي ث٠ ٥ ثی ظ ثب ١ع ع سی یب : ي

Example: In the chaotic world of war and its aftermath, it's hard to distinguish between good and bad.

characteristic

Example: Here he has met some setbacks, but with characteristic determination he is going to try again.

190


[,kɒntrə'vɜ:rʃəl] debatable ػيی، جبكظ٠ ای


[ıg'zemplə,faı] symbolize ثب ظب ك٢بیي ، ثب ٠ ب ىاى

controversial

!!! ؿب آثش ای٠ ٠ ش ثلض ػ : ي

Example: The project has become highly controversial due to the history and sensitivity of the site.

exemplify

(ظب= example)ظب ب ى ای كؼ fy/ifyدي : ي

Example: The people he's working with exemplify a distinct trend in the new population.

191


['grætə,faı] satisfying هى ى ، ا١ی ى


[ın'tɜ:rprıt] clarify ىى ى ، سػ٠ ى

gratify

!ی gratifyوبثز ٥ف ؼی یشی( اكاذی) Greetingی٠ ثب : ي

Example: All he saw in me was a way to gratify his greed and voracity.

interpret

!!ز هیی وش٠ (interpret)دیيى ك٢یي ای ٠ ای س ىى : ي

Example: What is the language from which you are going to interpret?

192


[lɔ:ntʃ] initiate اهيا ى، اياهش ، در ى


[lı'dʒıtəmət] authentic ػی، هبی ، كلا اى

launch

(!launch)لاـی =بـی: يهى یيا ه آی٠ ى یب در ( بـی)ی ٠ س ىػا لاـی

!ی

Example: Two European-owned companies plan to launch new ships this year as well.

legitimate

د ا٠ . هبیؼی ی٠ ٠ یيی ٠legal ایؼ ثویي ا : ي .ىز یین هى

Example: Yet you very rarely see them in legitimate theatre.

193


[pər'tıkjələr] specific ی، ىهین، و


['reıdıənt] bright ، ب٥غ ىهي

particular

!!ىهیو٠آى ١بی لا و دبی : ي

Example: He was particular about what sort of food should be mentioned.

radiant

!دس اىیب ك یي ثبیا : ي

Example: The physical parameters, relative humidity, and mean radiant temperature were also calculated.

194


[rıdʒ] crest ،ثيی ى


[spæn] cover ليى، ايا ، ، ػت ى، ػت

ايا كش

ridge

!!ی ١ی٠ ىی٠سؼیی ی ا ی٠ ! ؟ت ؼب ی هبب : ي

Example: The roof was unusual due to the relative heights of the eaves and the ridge.

span

ػت ىز ١ یبى یي اذبیب ث٠ هيی یبى ٠ ايا ی ظكیز : ي !!و٠ا٠ ی ايا یی سی

Example: Her mouth seemed to spread the entire span of her head.

195


[spɒn'teınıəs] instinctive ثی اهشیب، هى ث٠ هى


[stri:m] river ػی، ٢، ى

spontaneous

!اؼب ی٠هى ٠١ با هى ث٠ ! ثی اهشیب! س٢بزاذبیب : ي

Example: They just do it, and it's beautiful and creative and spontaneous.

stream

ی٠ ٢، ػی ، ى streamهیبث ی٠ street: ي

Example: He noticed a stream of fresh blood flowing down the covers of the bedspread and onto the floor.

196


['straıkıŋ] remarkable ثػش٠، هیی هة ، هبث سػ٠


['æpəɵı] indifference ، ثی ػب٥لی ثی كی ، ثی ػلاهی

striking

!هیی هث٠ ا٠ ی٠ ا٦ + king:ي

Example: His striking hair often attracts the attention of the ladies.

apathy

!!!سبة اثبیسبة : ي !بی ٠ ای ثبی ثـ٠ ثى ى الا هیی ثی ك ثی ػلاه٠ اي

Example: So far, however, they have not been able to rouse their compatriots from their apathy.

197


[,demən'streıʃən] display س١یلبر، بی


[ın'gri:dıənts] elements ػب

demonstration

!ى ٠ ؼكی بی ی٠ ی ثبی ثب٠ ١بز ٠ یبى یی١ی : ي

Example: That would be a visible demonstration of your affection.

ingredients

Example: Whereas the first two were components of metals, salt was considered an essential ingredient of living bodies.

198


[ın'vɒlən,terı] automatically ؿی ااىی، ثی اهشیب


['mɑ:rvəl] wonder لشی، ؼؼ

involuntary

!سیاياایب ا ىظ ییی volunteerا ٠ : يىا٥ت ، : volunteerؼی ! )ػج٠٢ ایب سیايا ا٠ سب ػیبر ىا٥ت ثىس

.بایؼب لی ى ٠in دیي( هاشب

Example: It is an important matter if more people are requiring involuntary admission.

marvel

!ثبی٠ لز ایی٠ ؼؼ ی٠بد٠ : 1ي !+ب: 2ي

.ثبػض ث٠ ػى اي ؼؼ لشی يك٢ر ی بی ٠ ثى ب

Example: It's a technological marvel and will give computer gaming a whole new meaning.

199


['meʒərəbəl] assessable هبث ايا یی


['mɒderıt] temperate , mild لای، ؼشي

measurable

moderate

Example: The question of making it tangible and measurable really is key.

Example: The aim was always to hollow out the more moderate party and supplant it.

200


[ɒd] strange ػؼجیت ؿیت ، كى، سي


[rı'flekʃən] image ثبسبة، اؼب

odd

!!١ی٠ ػؼیت ؿیج ث٠ هب٥ ١ی ؿی ػبىی ثى س! اكاى ؿي: ي

Example: We had the odd drink together but we didn't glam around.

reflection

!ثبسبة ؿی٠؟ اؼب ك ب ی٠ : ي

Example: Maria stood admiring her own reflection in the full length bedroom mirror.

201


[sə'pəʋzd] presumably ل


[sə'steın] consistent سل ى ، ٠ ىاش

supposed

!! 2د ثي ث٠ 3 ك : ي

Example: I suppose she assumed I would bust into tears again at any moment.

sustain

(ب ٠! )بش: ي !!! ثبیي سل یي( بش)بی ٠ هش٠

Example: She has a decent voice, but it was her sustain on the more difficult notes that really impressed.

202


['sımbəl] marks بى، ب


['sınɵısıs] combination سلین، غ، سیت

symbol

synthesis

Example: Better yet, make it the universal symbol for the Red Cross regardless of nationality.

Example: They identified genetic mutations that disabled specific steps in the synthesis of a complex molecule.

203


['tændʒəbəl] concrete ل، هبث


['taıtlı] firmly لز، ل

tangible

tightly

Example: That feeling of heaven, that bliss, had disappeared, leaving an almost tangible sense of absence.

Example: For increased efficiency, you may have a tendency to fasten your laces very tight .

204


['ægrə,veıt] irritating هی ى ، ثيس ى


[ə'mju:zmənt] diversion سلیق، ی ، یؼی، ا١ی

aggravate

agree+wait:يآى (wait)ثب شظ ی (agree)اكو ٠ ی٠ ی بئ ی ابیی

!!ػجی ی

Example: The minutes slowly tick by; the woman is getting aggravated.

amusement

Example: We gave our new dictionary a work out to the amusement of the staff.

205


[kən'si:vəblı] possibly ث٠ ٥ اب دی


[kən'vɜ:rt] alter سجيی ى ، ؼ ى

conceivably

.اشلبى ی possibilityا ـز یشی : ي

Example: I confess I didn't find it especially exciting, but others conceivably might.

convert

Example: The owner plans to convert the building into apartments.

206


['kjʋrətıv] healing ػلاع ى١ي ، لبء ثو


[dı'bılı,teıt] weakening بسا ى ، ١ؼیق ى

curative

!از( ثولبء ) curative ای ىیب ( هبن) creative:ي

Example: It never suggests that adultery is a curative for a diseased relationship.

debilitate

ى ایؼب ث٠ ر كؼ اشلبى ٠ ability # debilityثب ش٢بى جب١ش : ي .ي

Example: The troops were severely debilitated by hunger and disease.

207


[dı'pli:t] consume ، س٢ی هبی


['faınaıt] limited كبی، ليى ، ا ثی ي

deplete

finite

.بثى ي! كبی: 1ي finite #infiniteثب ش٢بى جب١ش : 2ي

Example: We do not know for sure whether the Universe is finite or infinite.

Example: Like other farmed fish, they consume fishmeal which depletes wild stock.

208


[pər'si:v] observe ك٢یي، ىى ى ، دی ثى


[sı'kjʋrətı] safety بی، آ ایز ، ا٥یب هب٥

perceive

!!هیج ػ ثیلش٠سب ا لا ك٢یي ؿب ٠ دذی : ي

Example: No two persons can ever, in this sense, perceive the same item: nothing at all is publicly perceptible.

security

! ١ب آبى= (Ready) ١ب ىی: يیب ث٢ز ١ب ىی ١ يی ؿي سب ىاى ث٢ز هشی یی دی

!!ی ثی ا٠ ثهای ایز ٢

Example: He has ensured security of tenure for those whom he has backed.

209


['tɒksık] poisonous ١ی، ی


[træŋ'kwılətı] peacefulness ىی، آ آا

toxic

!ی ي ثى ىای ىسبی ! سبی: ي

Example: You should avoid toxic substances and chemicals at work and at home.

tranquility

!train movement in calm: ي

Example: People have long fled to the mountains in search of fresh air and tranquility .

210


[træp] retain ىا، س٠ ، ، ث٠ ىا اياهش س٠ اش


[,ʌndı'naıəbəl] absolutely ؿی هبث اب

trap

!اياهش( ىا) trapث٠ ی٠ سة ثب ! سثـ٠: ي

Example: I shall henceforth keep my trap shut about the food.

undeniable

!آ ىی ١بثی ؿی هبث اب ثى: ي

Example: It is undeniable that Christianity has shaped European history.

211


[,ʌndər'estəmıt] miscalculated سوی ، ىز كش ، ىز دبیی كش


[ə'kwaıər] admit ، هيىای ى سيین ى

underestimate

:ثب وبی٠ ای ٠ ٠ یشی ؼی شػ٠ ثی: ي estimate( ىسوی)

underestimate( سوی) overestimate (جبـ٠ -سوی یبى)

Example: I wish people wouldn't underestimate me, or my strength, or my weakness.

acknowledge

!آیی: ي !!ا ی٠ آیی ثبلا ١ز ثبیي هيىای ى

Example: He called her name but she refused to acknowledge him.

212


[ə'sımə,leıt] incorporate یب ى ، ، ١ ػ ى جی٠ بهش


[ə'sɔ:rtmənt] selection ىش٠، سسیت ، ىش٠ ثيی

assimilate

جی٠ یب ١ؼ ىي ١ جب ١ب یلا ثبیب آص : ي !١ي

Example: Children find it easier to assimilate new information when it is presented within the structure of a story.

assortment

Example: Children find it easier to assimilate new information when it is presented within the structure of a story.

213


['kæləbər] quality ه٠٦ ، ، ه٦ ى١ب٠ ی سل

٢بر، اشؼياى


[kən'denst] summarized كى، شا ، ؿبیي

caliber

!!سل ٢بر یواىی ى ه٦ ٠ بیج : ي

Example: Any bullet will pass through it, even a .22 caliber bullet.

condensed

.ىایش٠ ١ ؿبی ٠ ا ی دبثىی ١زیب dense:ي

Example: As if the knots and tangles of my twisted psyche could mesh with her intricate synaptic network of condensed neural convolutions.

214


[,kɒntrə'dıktərı] inconsistent ـبی، وبق


[,dısrı'gɑ:rd] ignore بىیي كش ، ػبیز ى

contradictory

dictator of country =country+dictator:ي .دیكشي ١ی٠ وبق ىیشبس١بی

Example: It suggests to the outsider that he must have been exceptionally vague, and probably contradictory.

disregard

یيی ٠ ی٠ اػبر ى regardایؼبلی یي ؼی disدیي: ي .بىیي كش ، ػبیز ى: ى شیؼ٠ ؼی ٠ ی٠

Example: The most serious evidence of this disregard for content is the movie itself.

215


['preʃəs] cherished لجة، ا ث٢ب ، اي


['prɒmənənt] renowned ، الا ، ٢ ثػش٠

precious

!!دی یض ١بیی ىاي سب لجة اي ث٠: ي

Example: I spent my time doing chores and praying, leaving precious little time for friendships.

prominent

Prominent=important:ي

Example: Frank was prominent in the community life of the region and was widely known throughout the district.

216


['rekwızıt] demanded ثبیش٠، اػت، ١ی


[ʌn'rævəl] separate ك ى ، ا ١ ثب ى

requisite

re+quiz+it:ي !ثیی( آ)ی٠ ثب ىی٠ ا ئی اػج٠

Example: A Salient Editor needs to have a strong vision, and the requisite traits to make that vision a reality.

unravel

!UnREVEAL, so reveal a mystery: ي

Example: They were attempting to unravel the cause of death.

217


[veıg] unclear ب ل٢، ج٢


[væst] huge ػظی ، یغ ، د٢ب

vague

!از بل٠٢ ىی٠( ظ ١ ث! )ث٢ز ث٠ ی : ي

Example: When it came to direct actions, the group discussions became purposely vague.

vast

.هى سلظ جی٠ ث٠ ٠ ؼش٠: 1ي !٤: 2ي !ؿی ىای ثیی ٤ ی٠ ؿی ػظی د٢بی ىز ی١٠

Example: The roads that they’re building at vast expense.

218


['vɒlju:m] quantity يا، ايا، كؼ


[kə'rızmə] appeal ػ٦ی٠ ا٢ی، ػث٠ ، یایی

volume

charisma

!ب( ٢ ی یی ى ی)بی : ي !هشی اى ٢ بی ب یی ػ٦ی٠ ا٢ی ػث٠ یایی آى كیا ی٠

Example: He has tremendous charisma and stage presence.

Example: The title poem, which concludes the volume , poses a series of questions about perspectives.

219


['klevər] astute ،یى، ثب١


[kən'vıns] ensure هبغ ى ، شوبػي ى

clever

!هاىاى جزثب ١یؾ سیی یى ثى ث٠ هب٥ بكؼ ج : ي

Example: I saw nothing original or clever or ingenious about this film.

convince

! هبغ : ي !!! هبغ

Example: It's a simple one, but it's one of those scams that convince people because they want to believe it.

220


[ın'dʋr] persevere سل ى ، ثىثبی ى


['fɔ:rfıt] penalty ، ػی٠ ػی٠ ىاى

endure

(endure)ىی٠ سل ي ٠١injure ثبیي: ي

Example: They now endure the lowest living standards on earth.

forfeit

!یی forfeitثيیثب اؼب ( ع)forbid ب١بیی ٠ ا٠ : ي

Example: It did not mean that statutory authority to discharge into the sewage works became forfeit upon proof of a nuisance.

221


[prı'keərıəs] hazardous ى، ؿي


[sı'vıər] intense يیي، وز

precarious

!از( ب)بیدی : ي !اؼب یيب ١ب ٠١ ث٠ ٥ ی ؿي

Example: As I looked down from my precarious position next to a pile of honey on top of the Aga, I noticed two things.

severe

!لی= ی : ي !يایا ث٠ ٥ وز يیي كشب لی

Example: These are very serious and grave matters which call for severe punishment.

222


[spə'rædık] erratic شبة، ى ای ، سي سي


[sə'pıərıər] exceptional ثبلایی، ػبی ، بكم، ثبلاس

sporadic

١ ٠ periodic: كف یي ؼی یي ایؼ ثویي sكف ا: ي !هباى٠

Example: The situation is easing, although sporadic fresh outbreaks are still occurring.

superior

Example: The school prided itself upon its policy of providing a superior education.

223


['wɒntən] reveler ػیب ، ، شبم ي، شبم


[wi:k] ineffective لاؿ، بسا، ١ؼیق

wanton

!،شبم ػیب اؼب بيآى ١بی ایبشی٠ ٠ اظ ! اش: ي

Example: Yet we never understand why she lives her life as such a wanton woman.

weak

لاؿ ، = weak)و یي ؿا (week)یيی٠ ى٠ آ! ١لش٠ی٠ week:ي !ی٠( ١ؼیق

Example: I felt too weak to move, and too tired to care.

224


['waıdspred] extensive ش یبكش ، شى


['wızdəm] insight كای، هى، ػو

widespread

wisdom

!یا= یىا : ي !!ىس یا ییاكاىی ٠ ػو ثیش ا

Example: It was the voice of a male, speaking with wisdom behind the simple words.

Example: There is a widespread belief that the government should do more to encourage saving.

225


['wıtı,sızm] humor ٦یل٠، ث٠ یی


[wu:] attract اظ٢ب ػن ى

witticism

woo

! ١ش criticismای ٠ وبق: يهة ابیی ٠ ١یؾ هز اشوبىی ی . ىاشوبى ی٠ criticismیيی ٠

!ث٠ یی ی م ٥جؼی

Example: Don smiled at this witticism.

.Woody Allen Woos every girl with his wittiness:ي !اظ٢ب ػن ی٠ ث٠ ١ ىهشی ثب بر هىىی آ

Example: Not wanting to break their cover they took turns to woo the unwitting woman.

226

memorizing 150 words a day (toefl)

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