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Chapter 1

Table 1-2 Routing Protocol Characteristics

Routing Protocol Type Primarily IGP or EGP

RIP Distance-Vector IGP

EIGRP

OSPF

IS-IS

BGP

Chapter 3

Table 3-2 Hexadecimal/Binary Conversion Chart

Hex Binary Hex Binary

0 0000 8

1 0001 9

2 0010 A

3 0011 B

4 C

5 D

6 E

7 F

APPEndIx d

Memory Tables

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4 CCNP Routing and Switching ROUTE 300-101 Official Cert Guide

Table 3-5 Summary of IPv6 Address Assignment for Global Unicast Addresses

Method dynamic or Static

Prefix and Length Learned from...

Host Learned from...

default Router Learned from...

dnS Addresses Learned from...

Stateful DHCP

Dynamic DHCP Server DHCP Server Router, using NDP

(Stateful) DHCP Server

Stateless Autoconfig

Static Configuration

Static Config with EUI-64

Static Local config Derived from MAC

Router, using NDP

Stateless DHCP

Table 3-7 Comparing Stateless and Stateful DHCPv6 Services

Feature Stateful dHCP Stateless dHCP

Remembers IPv6 address (state information) of clients that make requests

Yes No

Assigns IPv6 address to client

Supplies useful information, such as DNS server IP addresses

Most useful in conjunction with stateless autoconfiguration

Table 3-9 Common Multicast Addresses

Purpose IPv6 Address IPv4 Equivalent

All IPv6 nodes on the link FF02::1 Subnet broadcast address

All IPv6 routers on the link —

OSPF messages 224.0.0.5, 224.0.0.6

RIPv2 messages 224.0.0.9

EIGRP messages 224.0.0.10

DHCP relay agents (routers that forward to the DHCP server)

—

DHCP servers (site scope) —

All NTP servers (site scope) FF05::101 —

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Appendix D: Memory Tables 5

Table 3-12 Comparing RIPv2 to RIPng

Feature RIPv2 RIPng

Advertises routes for... IPv4 IPv6

RIP messages use these Layer 3/4 protocols

IPv4, UDP IPv6, UDP

UDP port 521

Use distance vector

Default administrative distance

Supports VLSM Yes Yes

Can perform automatic summarization

—

Uses Split Horizon

Uses Poison Reverse

30-second periodic full updates

Uses triggered updates

Uses Hop Count metric

Metric meaning infinity

Supports route tags

Multicast Update destination

Authentication RIP-specific Uses IPv6 AH/ESP

Chapter 4

Table 4-3 EIGRP Feature Summary

Feature description

Transport IP, protocol type 88 (does not use UDP or TCP).

Metric Based on constrained bandwidth and cumulative delay by default, and optionally load and reliability.

Hello interval

Hold Timer

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Feature description

Update destination address

Full or partial updates

Authentication

VLSM/classless

Route tags

Next-hop field

Manual route summarization

Automatic summarization

Multiprotocol Supports the advertisement of IPX, AppleTalk, IP version 4, and IP version 6 routes.

Table 4-4 Neighbor Requirements for EIGRP and OSPF

Requirement EIGRP OSPF

The routers must be able to send/receive IP packets to one another. Yes Yes

Interfaces’ primary IP addresses must be in the same subnet.

Must not be passive on the connected interface.

Must use the same ASN (EIGRP) or process-ID (OSPF) in the router configuration command.

Hello interval/timer, plus either the Hold (EIGRP) or Dead (OSPF) timer, must match.

Must pass neighbor authentication (if configured). Yes Yes

Must be in the same area. — Yes

IP MTU must match.

K-values (used in metric calculation) must match. —

Router IDs must be unique. No1 Yes

1 Duplicate EIGRP RIDs do not prevent routers from becoming neighbors, but it can cause problems when adding external EIGRP routes to the IP routing table.

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Chapter 5

Table 5-2 Common Defaults for Bandwidth and Delay

Interface Type Bandwidth (kbps) delay (Microseconds)

Serial 1544 20,000

GigE 1,000,000

FastE 100,000

Ethernet 10,000

Table 5-4 Parameters on the eigrp stub Command

Option This Router Is Allowed to...

connected Advertise connected routes but only for interfaces matched with a network command.

summary

static

leak-map name

redistributed

receive-only

Chapter 6

Table 6-4 Configuration Modes of Named EIGRP

Configuration Mode description

Address-Family General EIGRP configuration commands are issued under this configuration mode. For example, router ID, network, and EIGRP stub router configurations are performed here. Multiple address families (for example, IPv4 and IPv6) can be configured under the same EIGRP virtual instance.

Address-Family-Interface

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Configuration Mode description

Address-Family-Topology

Chapter 7

Table 7-2 Commonly Used OSPF Terms

Term definition

Link-state database (LSDB) The data structure held by an OSPF router for the purpose of storing topology data

Shortest Path First (SPF) The name of the algorithm OSPF uses to analyze the LSDB (Note: The analysis determines the best [lowest-cost] route for each prefix/length.)

Link-State Update (LSU) The name of the OSPF packet that holds the detailed topology information, specifically LSAs

Link-State Advertisement (LSA)

Area

Area border router (ABR)

Backbone router

Internal routers

Designated router (DR)

Backup designated router (BDR)

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Table 7-4 OSPF Feature Summary

Feature description

Transport IP, protocol type 89 (does not use UDP or TCP).

Metric Based on cumulative cost of all outgoing interfaces in a route. The interface cost defaults to a function of interface bandwidth but can be set explicitly.

Hello interval Interval at which a router sends OSPF Hello messages out of an interface.

Dead interval Timer used to determine when a neighboring router has failed, based on a router not receiving any OSPF messages, including Hellos, in this timer period.

Update destination address

Full or partial updates

Authentication

VLSM/classless

Route tags

Next-hop field

Manual route summarization

Table 7-5 Neighbor Requirements for EIGRP and OSPF

Requirement OSPF EIGRP

Interfaces’ primary IP addresses must be in same subnet. Yes Yes

Must not be passive on the connected interface. Yes Yes

Must be in same area. —

Hello interval/timer, plus either the Hold (EIGRP) or Dead (OSPF) timer, must match.

Router IDs must be unique.

IP MTU must match.

Must pass neighbor authentication (if configured).

K-values (used in metric calculation) must match.

Must use the same ASN (EIGRP) or process ID (OSPF) on the router configuration command.

1 Might allow the other router to be listed in the output of the show ip ospf neighbor command, but the MTU mismatch will prevent proper operation of the topology exchange.

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Table 7-6 OSPF Network Types

Interface Type Uses dR/BdR? default Hello Interval

dynamic discovery of neighbors?

More Than Two Routers Allowed in the Subnet?

Broadcast Yes 10 Yes Yes

Point-to-point1 No 10 Yes No

Loopback No — — No

Nonbroadcast2 (NBMA)

Point-to-multipoint

Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast

1 Default on Frame Relay point-to-point subinterfaces.

2 Default on Frame Relay physical and multipoint subinterfaces.

Chapter 8

Table 8-2 OSPF LSA Types

LSA Type Common name description

1 Router

2 Network

3 Net Summary

4 ASBR Summary

5 AS External

6 Group Membership

Defined for MOSPF; not supported by Cisco IOS.

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LSA Type Common name description

7 NSSA External Created by ASBRs inside an NSSA area, instead of a Type 5 LSA.

8 Link LSAs Type 8 LSAs only exist on a local link, where they are used by a router to advertise the router’s link-local address to all other routers on the same link. Additionally, the Type 8 LSA provides to routers on that link a listing of all IPv6 addresses associated with the link.

9 Intra-Area Prefix LSAs

Can send information about IPv6 networks (including stub networks) attached to a router (similar to the Type 1 LSA for IPv4 networks). Additionally, a Type 9 LSA can send information about transit IPv6 network segments within an area (similar to the Type 2 LSA for IPv4 networks).

10, 11 Opaque Used as generic LSAs to allow easy future extension of OSPF. For example, Type 10 has been adapted for MPLS traffic engineering.

Table 8-4 OSPF Message Types and Functions

Message name/number description

Hello Used to discover neighbors and supply information used to confirm that two routers should be allowed to become neighbors, to bring a neighbor relationship to a 2-Way state, and to monitor a neighbor’s responsiveness in case it fails.

Database Description (DD or DBD)

Link-State Request (LSR)

Link-State Update (LSU)

Link-State Acknowledgment (LSAck)

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Table 8-5 OSPF Neighbor State Reference

State Meaning

Down No Hellos have been received from this neighbor for more than the Dead interval.

Attempt Used when the neighbor is defined with the neighbor command, after sending a Hello, but before receiving a Hello from that neighbor.

Init

2-Way

ExStart

Exchange

Loading

Full

Chapter 9

Table 9-4 OSPF Stubby Area Types

Area Type ABRs Flood Type 5 External LSAs into the Area?

ABRs Flood Type 3 Summary LSAs into the Area?

Allows Redistribution of External LSAs into the Stubby Area?

Stub No Yes No

Totally stubby

NSSA

Totally NSSA

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Chapter 10

Table 10-2 Parameters of the EIGRP redistribute Command

Option description

protocol The source of routing information. Includes bgp, connected, eigrp, isis, mobile, ospf, static and rip.

process-id, as-number

If redistributing a routing protocol that uses a process ID or ASN on the router global config command, use this parameter to refer to that process or ASN value.

metric A keyword after which follow the four metric components (bandwidth, delay, reliability, link load), plus the MTU associated with the route.

match

tag

route-map

Table 10-4 Parameters on the OSPF redistribute Command

Option description

protocol The source of routing information. Includes bgp, connected, eigrp, isis, mobile, ospf, static, and rip.

process-id, as-number If redistributing a routing protocol that uses a process ID or AS number on the router global config command, use this parameter to refer to that process ID or ASN value.

metric

metric-type {1 | 2}

match

tag

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Option description

route-map

subnets

Table 10-10 Default Administrative Distances

Route Type Administrative distance

Connected

Static

EIGRP summary route 5

eBGP

EIGRP (internal)

IGRP 100

OSPF 110

IS-IS

RIP

On-Demand Routing (ODR) 160

EIGRP (external) 170

iBGP

Unreachable 255

Chapter 12

Table 12-2 Names of NAT IP Addresses

nAT IP Address definition

Inside local A private IP address referencing an inside device

Inside global

Outside local

Outside global

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Chapter 13

Table 13-4 Comparing OSPF and EIGRP Logic to BGP

OSPF/EIGRP BGP

Forms neighbor relationship before sending routing information

Same

Neighbors typically discovered using multicast packets on the connected subnets

Neighbor IP address is explicitly configured and may not be on common subnet

Does not use TCP

Advertises prefix/length

Advertises metric information

Emphasis on fast convergence to the truly most efficient route

Link-state (OSPF) or distance-vector (EIGRP) logic

Table 13-6 BGP Neighbor States

State Typical Reasons

Idle The BGP process is either administratively down or awaiting the next retry attempt.

Connect The BGP process is waiting for the TCP connection to be completed. You cannot determine from this state information whether the TCP connection can complete.

Active

Opensent

Openconfirm

Established

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Table 13-7 BGP Message Types

Message Purpose Similarity with EIGRP

Open Used to establish a neighbor relationship and exchange basic parameters, including ASN and authentication values.

Hello

Keepalive

Update

Notification No direct equivalent

Chapter 14

Table 14-4 BGP Path Attributes That Affect the BGP Best-Path Algorithm

PA description Enterprise Route direction (Typical)

Next_Hop —

Weight1 A numeric value, range 0 through 216 – 1, set by a router when receiving Updates, influencing that one router’s route for a prefix. Not advertised to any BGP peers.

Outbound

Local Preference (Local_Pref) A numeric value, range 0 through 232 – 1, set and communicated throughout a single AS for the purpose of influencing the choice of best route for all routers in that AS.

Outbound

AS_Path (length)

Origin

Multi-Exit Discriminator (MED)

1 Weight is not a BGP PA; it is a Cisco-proprietary feature that acts somewhat like a PA.

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Table 14-5 BGP Decision Process Plus Mnemonic: N WLLA OMNI

Step Mnemonic Letter Short Phrase Which Is Better?

0 N Next hop: reachable? If no route to reach Next_Hop, router cannot use this route.

1 W Weight Bigger.

2 L

3 L

4 A

5 O

6 M

7 N

8 I

Chapter 16

Table 16-3 uRPF Configuration Parameters

Parameter description

rx Enables uRPF in strict mode

any Enables uRPF in loose mode

allow-default

allow-self-ping

acl

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Table 16-4 Contrasting the TACACS+ and RADIUS Protocols

Characteristic TACACS+ RAdIUS

Transport layer protocol TCP UDP

Modularity

Encryption

Accounting functionality

Standards-based

Table 16-5 Components of an SNMPv1 and SNMPv2c Network Management Solution

Component description

SNMP manager An SNMP manager runs a network management application. This SNMP manager is sometimes referred to as a Network Management Server (NMS).

SNMP agent

Management Information Base (MIB)

Chapter 17

Table 17-2 OSPF Authentication Types

OSPF Authentication Type description

Type 0 Does not provide any authentication

Type 1

Type 2

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