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Rabat Workshop June 11-12, 2009 - MENA Regional Concentrated Solar Power Scale-up Program

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MENA Regional Concentrated Solar Power

Scale-up Program

Joint Workshop of the World Bank Group

and the African Development Bank

Workshop Proceedings

11-12 June 2009

Hotel Tour Hassan

Rabat, Morocco


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Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP)

Purpose

The Energy Sector Management Assistance Program is a global knowledge and technical

assistance partnership administered by the World Bank and sponsored by bilateral official

donors since 1983. ESMAP’s mission is to assist clients from low-income, emerging, and

transition economies to secure energy requirements for equitable economic growth and

poverty reduction in an environmentally sustainable way.

ESMAP follows a three-pronged approach to achieve its mission: think tank/horizon-

scanning, operational leveraging, and knowledge clearinghouse (knowledge generation

and dissemination, training and learning events, workshops and seminars, conferences

and roundtables, website, newsletter, and publications) functions. ESMAP activities are

executed by its clients and/or by World Bank staff.

ESMAP’s work focuses on three global thematic energy challenges:

- Expanding energy access for poverty reduction;

- Enhancing energy efficiency for energy secure economic growth, and

- Deploying renewable energy systems for a low carbon global economy.

Governance and Operations

ESMAP is governed and funded by a Consultative Group (CG) composed of

representatives of Australia, Austria, Denmark, France, Germany, Iceland, the

Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, the United Kingdom, the U.N. Foundation, and the World

Bank. The ESMAP CG is chaired by a World Bank Vice President and advised by a

Technical Advisory Group of independent energy experts that reviews the Program’s

strategic agenda, work plan, and achievements. ESMAP relies on a cadre of engineers,

energy planners, and economists from the World Bank, and from the energy and

development community at large, to conduct its activities.

Further Information

For further information or copies of project reports, please visit www.esmap.org. ESMAP

can also be reached by email at [email protected] or by mail at:

ESMAP

c/o Energy, Transport, and Water Department

The World Bank Group

1818 H Street, NW

Washington, DC 20433, USA

Tel.: 202-473-4594; Fax: 202-522-3018


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Copyright © 2009

The International Bank for Reconstruction

and Development/THE WORLD BANK GROUP

1818 H Street NW

Washington, DC 20433 USA

All rights reserved

Manufactured in the United States of America

First printing November 2008

ESMAP Reports are published to communicate the results of ESMAP’s work to the

development community with the least possible delay. The typescript of the paper

therefore has not been prepared in accordance with the procedures appropriate to formal

documents. Some sources cited in this paper may be informal documents that are not

readily available.

The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of

the author(s) and should not be attributed in any manner to the World Bank, or its

affiliated organizations, or to members of its Board of Executive Directors or the

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shown on any map in this volume do not imply on the part of the World Bank Group any

judgment on the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such

boundaries.

The material in this publication is copyrighted. Requests for permission to reproduce

portions of it should be sent to the ESMAP Manager at the address shown in the

copyright notice above. ESMAP encourages dissemination of its work and will normally

give permission promptly and, when the reproduction is for noncommercial purposes,

without asking a fee.


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Acknowledgments

The organization of the Rabat Workshop was made possible with financial and technical

support of World Bank MENA Energy Unit and ESMAP. The workshop would not have

been possible without the tremendous efforts of Roger Coma-Cunill, Philippe Roos,

Mohab Hallouda, Laila Kotb, and Khadija Sebbata, who helped with all the logistical and

travel arrangements. The organization was led by Chandrasekar Govindarajalu and Silvia

Pariente-David. The proceedings were prepared by Roger Coma-Cunill and Jonathan

d’Entremont Coony, with inputs from Chandrasekar Govindarajalu. The organizers

would like to express their gratitude to Jonathan Walters, Manager, World Bank MENA

Energy and Transport Unit for his support and leadership and sincerely thank all the

participants for attending the workshop and contributing to the discussions.


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Table of Abbreviations

AfDB African Development Bank

CCGT Combined cycle gas turbine

CDM Clean Development Mechanism

CSP Concentrated Solar Power

CTF Clean Technology Fund

ELMED ELectricité MEDiterranéenne project

EPC Engineering, Procurement and Construction

EU European Union

GEF Global Environment Facility

GHG Greenhouse gas

GW Gigawatt

HFO Heavy Fuel Oil

ICO Instituto de Crédito Oficial

IP Investment Plan

MDB Multilateral Development Bank

MENA Middle East and North Africa

MW Megawatt

PPA Power Purchase Agreement

PV Photovoltaics

TWh Terawatt hour


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Table of Contents

ESMAP Presentation .........................................................................................................2

Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................4

Table of Abbreviations ......................................................................................................5

Table of Contents ...............................................................................................................6

Introduction ........................................................................................................................7

Presentations ......................................................................................................................8

Key Issues .........................................................................................................................15

Next Steps .........................................................................................................................17

Annexes .............................................................................................................................18

Annex 1 - Workshop Agenda .........................................................................................18

Annex 2 - Participant List ..............................................................................................21

Annex 3 - Country Presentations ...................................................................................23

Annex 4 - Concept Note on Regional CSP Scale-up program .......................................79

Annex 5 - Outline of Investment Plan to submit to CTF Trust Fund Committee ..........80

Annex 6 - Workshop pictures .........................................................................................82


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Introduction

The MENA region provides optimal conditions for the development of CSP

technology at scale, e.g. plentiful of solar resources and existence of vasts amounts of

unused flat land close to road networks and transmission grids. The World Bank Group

and the African Development Bank, in collaboration with other donors, are launching a

program to scale-up CSP in the region up to 1 GW over 6-8 years in 8-10 sizeable

projects. CSP deployment on this scale would bring substantial advantages to

participating countries: meet rapidly growing power demand, reduce dependence on

fossil fuels for electricity generation, lower carbon footprint, and promote job creation

and economic development through increased opportunities for local manufacturing and

technology transfer in this area.

Concessional funds from the Clean Technology Fund (CTF) managed by the

World Bank could be available to finance a significant part of future CSP projects in the

region. On May 11th

2009, the Trust Fund Committee of the Clean Technology Fund

(CTF) endorsed a Concept Note for a CSP scale-up program in the MENA region that

estimated the cost at about US$ 4-6 billion including about $750 million of CTF soft

loans.1

The World Bank Group and the African Development Bank invited Government

stakeholders in the region at this workshop to review the opportunities and challenges for

CSP scale-up in the region. 40 participants from 6 countries2 attended the workshop,

including government officials and public utility representatives from the countries,

independent experts, regional organizations3 and multilateral development banks.

4 A list

of potential beneficiary projects in the range of amount 965 MW-1015 MW was

compiled based on government representatives’ workshop presentations and information

gathered by independent experts.

These proceedings summarize the presentations made, main issues discussed and

next steps to facilitate the scale-up of CSP projects in the MENA region.

1 The Concept Note endorsement is a first stage in the process of obtaining the requested funds. As the

next step, an Investment Plan (IP) will be prepared and submitted to the CTF Trust Fund Committee by late

2009. Based on the IP, the Trust Fund Committee will endorse preparation of projects under the CSP Scale-

up Program in the MENA region. 2 Morocco, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Jordan, and Malta

3 Arab Maghreb Union (UMA)

4 World Bank Group and African Development Bank


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Presentations

Welcome Address – Françoise Clottes, Country Manager, World Bank; Hela

Cheikhrouhou, Division Manager, African Development Bank.

Both speakers highlighted the CSP’s potential for countries in the region to

provide much-needed electricity, reduce dependence on fossil fuels, foster economic

development and promote job creation through local manufacturing, installation and

operation of new CSP plants. Both Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) also

expressed a realistic assessment of the challenges to successful development, financing

and construction of such plants. At the same time, they recognized the benefits of

potential CTF funding as a catalyst for CSP in the region and strongly expressed their

organizations’ desire to support scale-up efforts through assisting project development

and, ultimately, co-financing of the plants.

The MENA Regional Scale-up Program – Chandrasekar Govindarajalu,

Senior Energy Specialist, World Bank

There are several reasons that make the Regional CSP Scale-up Program

attractive for the MENA region: unexploited economies of scale in technology

production, optimal physical conditions for solar energy in terms of high direct normal

solar radiation, utility friendly technology, growing importance of renewable energy in

the region, and source of revenues due to export potential. The first CSP projects in the

region are currently under implementation in Egypt, Morocco, and Algeria. High initial

capital costs –between $4,000 and $6,000/kW are a significant barrier to investment.

Costs are expected to be reduced significantly in the near future due to economies of

scale. Investment can be financially attractive with the contribution of concessional

financing, e.g. CTF. The Regional CSP Scale-up Program proposes to scale-up CSP in

the region, with the contribution of CTF concessional financing, to 1 GW over 6-8 years

in 8-10 sizeable projects of around 100 MW each.

Technical Aspects of Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) – Wolfgang

Eichhammer, Fraunhofer Institute, Germany

There has been a renewed interest in CSP over the last decades driven primarily

by feed-in tariffs and other support schemes in Spain and the United States, where new

plants have been and continue to be constructed. There are four different versions of the

technology: Parabolic Trough, Tower, Fresnel, and Dish-Stirling. Trough technology

currently has the most attractive mix of cost and performance, and makes up the large

majority of plants recently built or now under development. Several factors suggest that

CSP can substantially reduce costs and improve performance in the coming years. One,

technical improvements can be realized in certain components, notably the absorption

tubes, the mirrors and the heat transfer fluid. Two, economies-of-scale in manufacturing

responding to increased global demand can reduce costs. Three, increased demand could

induce new entrants for all components systems, breaking up existing oligopolies (e.g., in


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absorption tubes and heat transfer fluid) with a resultant decrease in prices. At the same

time, technical challenges remain. Very few commercial scale plants have been built and

the hours of CSP operating performance are very low in comparison to fossil-based

technologies, e.g. CCGTs as well as other renewables, e.g., wind turbines. In fact, no

commercial-scale CSP plants have ever been built in the MENA region although there

are two plants under construction in Morocco and Egypt with capacities of 20 MW, tied

to much larger gas-fired combined cycle plants. A third plant of 25 MW is under

development in Algeria.

One potential area for technical improvement is storage which would allow plants

to store thermal energy during the daylight hours and thus continue to produce electricity

during evening and night hours. This is particularly important for plants in the MENA

region because peak demand is often in the evening hours – from 9:00 to 11:00 pm –

when the sun has gone down. Storage is being used in some Spanish CSP plants with a

capacity of 7 hours utilizing molten salt thermal storage tanks. However, as of now this

technology has still not been widely deployed in existing plants and will increase both

capital cost ($/kW) and, likely, levelized cost of generation ($/MWh).

Another area for potential technical improvement relates to lack of water

availability. Preferably, an available source of water is needed for cooling in the steam

loop and the water requirements are comparable to conventional plants. In areas with

limited water resources, the steam can be air-cooled, lowering overall system water

requirements by 90%. However, this can raise investment costs by 4-6% and, along with

decreased efficiencies, increase total levelized cost of electricity by 10% compared to

CSP plants that do have access to available water. Alternatively, for plants located near

the ocean, needed fresh water could be produced through desalination. This can be

achieved by using waste heat and some electricity in a Multiple Effect Desalination

(MED) process or just through use of electricity in Reverse Osmosis (RO).

Policy and Financing aspects of CSP – Mario Ragwitz, Fraunhofer Institute,

Germany

CSP is more expensive than conventional energy sources and other renewable

sources on a $/MWh basis. There are a number of ways to address the issue of cost-

competitiveness of CSP. One is to consider CSP as a technology on the cusp of true

commercialization and resulting mass manufacture. Support for the first wave of plants

would play a catalytic role in a cost reduction process, which would lead to greater

competitiveness for CSP. Only by supporting technologies which show promise for cost

reductions can more advanced options be developed that are both environmentally

cleaner and economically competitive with fossil-based options that currently dominate

nearly all power systems around the world.

Another issue to consider in regard to cost is the fallacy of using levelized cost (in

$/MWh) as the sole point of cost comparison. Placing CSP within a complete utility

generating portfolio can make it much more attractive than placing side-by-side with

another technology in isolation. The portfolio of generating plants for any utility system


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must meet a demand profile that fluctuates throughout the day and throughout the year.

In general, plants with high capital cost and low operating cost, e.g., coal or nuclear

plants run more or less constantly to meet baseload demand while plants with low capital

cost and high operating cost, e.g., simple-cycle gas turbines run much less frequently to

meet peak demand. In addition, reliability and dispatchability of plants is a key concern,

and plants without these traits require back-up power which adds to the overall system

cost. The proper portfolio of plants is constructed to minimize overall cost to the system

to meet a given demand profile, and thus comparing one plant to another strictly on

levelized cost of generation can be misleading. CSP has the advantage of producing a

generation profile that largely matches that of most demand profiles, except perhaps in

systems characterized by a sharp evening peak. In other words, it generates during the

day and early evening when demand is highest and therefore value of electricity is

highest. In addition, CSP generation is substantially more predictable than that of many

other renewables, such as wind and a great deal of hydro. This allows utility operators to

dispatch CSP more or less when needed and thus reduces the cost of back-up power that

more intermittent generation requires.

Given the support for CSP within potential host countries and the MDBs and the

technology’s current high costs vis-à-vis alternatives, where will the financing come from

for the first wave of plants in MENA? It is estimated that 50% of the financing package

could come from traditional financing sources of the type used to construct conventional

power plants and 50% would have to come as soft loans, grants or other support schemes

motivated by CSP’s cleaner and less fossil-dependent traits.

Four sources were identified for the soft loans and grants. One, CTF funds or

other low-cost financing from the MDBs or bilateral aid agencies. Certainly, CTF is a

good possibility taking into account the CTF Trust Fund Committee endorsement of the

Concept Note for Regional CSP Scale-up on May 11th

2009 (see document in Annex 4).

However, the CTF can only provide part of the concessional funds required (say around

10-15% of the total program costs). Secondly, support schemes launched for CSP -and

other renewables- by the host governments could be helpful. This could come in the

form of feed-in tariffs, portfolio standards, direct financing or various tax incentives.

Third, financing could be obtained through sale of CSP-generated power to countries in

the European Union (EU). The MENA CSP scale-up has strong synergy with the

Mediterranean Solar Plan (MSP) whose vision is to use the world-class solar resources in

the southern Mediterranean region to meet growing electricity needs of the entire

Mediterranean Basin. There are currently great opportunities to link large-scale CSP

generation through reinforced transmission grids to demand centers of the Mediterranean

region, both in the North and the South. Sales of electricity from CSP generation to EU

countries through PPAs or other contractual means could be a key tool for attracting up-

front financing from private or other sources. A final source of financing for the CSP

plants could come from carbon financing. Generation of emission credits through CDM -

or its successor mechanism- could be used as a reliable revenue source to attract

financing.


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The MENA Regional Energy Market Integration – Silvia Pariente-David,

Senior Energy Specialist, World Bank, Jonathan d’Entremont Coony, Senior

Energy Specialist, ESMAP/World Bank; Youssef Arfaoui, Energy Expert, African

Development Bank

There are several benefits for the MENA regional energy integration: enhanced

energy security, export potential from natural resources, optimized use of infrastructure

and more efficient dispatch of power plants, investment catalyst for generation and

transmission, supply mix diversification, economies-of-scale on generating plants serving

multiple markets, better framework to implement market competition leading to lower

electricity supply costs, and facilitation of the development of regional scale energy

companies that can compete on the biggest stage. The region’s strong yet untapped

renewable resources, the heterogeneity of energy supply across the countries, and the

moderate size of target countries all make increased integration a primary driver and

enabler for CSP development. The development of new CSP plants must be seen in a

regional, rather than country-by-country context. Enhanced interconnections with the EU

market are an important factor taking into account the interest from EU countries in

importing substantial amounts of CSP-generated electricity at attractive prices.

Libya country presentation – Eng. Fathi Mohamed Abugrad, Chairman,

Renewable Energy Authority (REAOL)

Libya has a huge solar potential, around 140,000 TWh/year. The country’s

forecasted power demand for 2020 is 109 TWh/year and expects to produce 22 TWh/year

from CSP by 2050. From a domestic perspective, desalination of water using power from

CSP plants is a priority. The government is currently considering several financing

options for the interconnection between Libya and Italy and will take a decision after the

feasibility study has been finalized. Libya has had preliminary talks with EU countries to

explore possibilities for exporting power to the EU. However, this option will not be

possible before 2016-2017 when the interconnections between Libya and Italy or

between Tunisia and Italy are operational. Libya has developed a mid-term plan 2008-

2012 to promote renewable energies. Within this framework, Libya has carried out a

feasibility study to select a site for a 50-100 MW CSP plant. The country will follow a 2-

stage process: first, it will launch its first CSP Plant of 100 MW (joint venture with

Abengoa Solar) by early 2010, and later on, it will consider its potential for exporting

power to the EU.

Egypt country presentation– Eng. Laila Georgy Yoissef, Vice Chairman, New

& Renewable Energy Authority (NREA)

The first CSP project is currently under implementation in Egypt. The project

consists of a 140 MW plant, but the capacity of the solar portion is 20 MW. The project’s

cost is $340 million and has received a $50 million GEF grant. Egypt’s long term plan is

to install 100 MW of CSP by 2017. The main barriers for CSP scale-up in the country

are: high capital upfront costs, lack of qualified staff, and the need to upgrade the national

grid. However, there have been recent positive trends that have raised interest for CSP in


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MENA countries, e.g. MSP, WB/CTF. Egypt will only consider support mechanisms

such as feed-in tariffs or other financing options after the implementation of its first pilot

CSP project, i.e. after 2010. For PV, for instance, the government provides direct support

to investors to stimulate local manufacturing of components, i.e. government pays 25%

of investment. Egypt is now going through its first experience with private sector

participation in a 250 MW wind project, where the private sector would finance,

implement and operate the plant and the government facilitates access to land and a

guaranteed PPA. This model might be an option to explore for CSP projects.

Morocco country presentation – Mr. Saïd Mouline, Director-General, Centre

de Dévéloppement des Energies Renouvelables (CDER); Mr. El Moussaoui, Head of

Department, Office National de l’Electricité (ONE)

There is a strong high-level political support to develop renewable energies in

Morocco, particularly solar and wind. By 2030, Morocco intends to obtain 2.6

Mtep/annum of savings in fossil fuels and create 25,000 jobs in the renewable energy

sector, and 15,000 in CSP only. The main limit for the expansion of renewables has been

the capacity of the network. Recently approved legislation on renewable energy allows

private investors to export power to Europe and allows private sector to build a parallel

network if required. Morocco excludes the use of feed-in-tariffs as a mechanism to

promote renewable energy. The long-term CSP goal is to achieve 1,000 MW of installed

capacity by 2030.

The Ain Beni Mathar project, currently under construction, is the first CSP project

in the country. The project consists of a combined cycle plant of 125 MW with an

integrated solar field of 20 MW and it is finance by AfDB, Spanish ICO funds, GEF and

ONE. Abengoa solar holds a 5-year maintenance contract.

Morocco gives particular importance to the interconnections with Spain –the 3rd

line is under consideration- and with neighboring countries because of its positive effects

on the stability of the network and for the possibility to expand renewable energy in the

country. CSP-based power is interesting for the country because its load curve’s

complementarity with wind power. The financing gap between CSP and other cheaper

sources of energy is high and cannot be borne only by MENA countries, other sources

must be found to have financially sound projects.

Malta country presentation – Eng. Filippa Micallef, Malta Resources Authority

Malta relies entirely on imported fossil fuels, HFO and Gas oil for electricity

generation. Renewable energies represent a very small fraction –less than 1%- of the

total. Malta expects to have the interconnection with Sicily commissioned by 2013 –the

government will publish the tender by late 2009. The government provides incentives for

the take off of several renewable energies: PV, Micro wind and Solar water heaters in the

domestic sector and solar thermal applications in the industrial sector. Solar thermal

energy has been developed mainly by solar water heater installations, where Malta is

ahead of the EU average -64 kWh/1,000 inhabitants vs 21 kWh/1,000 inhabitants. Scale-


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up of solar power in North Africa, particularly in Tunisia, could be attractive in the future

for Malta to increase renewable energy sources in the supply.

Tunisia country presentation – Mr. Amor Ounalli, Director, Renewable

Energies Department, Agence Nationale pour la Maîtrise de l’Energie (ANME) ;

Eng. Belhassen Chiboub, Director, Ministère de l’Industrie de l’Energie et des PME

Tunisia aims at achieving 4% of total power consumption from renewable sources

in 2011 –from less than 1% at present. Renewable energies can provide 20% of energy

savings by 2030 –and 80% from energy efficiency measures. Tunisia has carried out a

pre-feasibility study for CSP, which has shown the high solar potential in the south of the

country (over 2,000 kWh/m²/year of direct normal irradiance). Solar energy is considered

suitable to meet peak demand in summer and 5 sites for the development of CSP projects

have been identified. A pilot project consisting of a 25 MW plant has been suggested and

the plant is expected to be commissioned by 2012-2013. The investment required is

estimated to be around €85 million and the production costs around €18.8 cents/kWh.

Tunisia is considering several financing options to promote renewables: state subsidies,

tax reductions, feed-in-tariffs, grants or concessional loans-the feasibility study for the

pilot project is still to be finalized. In addition, the interconnection between Tunisia and

Italy (ELMED project) will allow the export of 200 MW of renewable energy that could

partially or fully come from CSP. The interconnection has reserved 800 MW of capacity

for exporting power from the ELMED production pole to Italy. However, the energy

source used by the ELMED production pole is still under consideration. The

interconnection could provide access to the Italian and European markets of green

certificates to promote CSP development in Tunisia. Tunisia expects to sign PPA

contracts by 2011 and have the interconnection commissioned by 2015-2016.

Jordan country presentation – Eng. Ziad J. Sabra, Director, Ministry of

Energy and Mineral Resources

Expanding the development of renewable energies is one of the tools to achieve

the goals of the country’s Energy strategy 2007-2020: diversifying energy resources,

increasing the share of local resources in the total energy mix, reduce dependency on

imported oil, and enhancing environmental protection. Jordan aims at expanding the

contribution of renewables in the energy mix from 1% in 2007 to 10% in 2020. Jordan

has high potential for developing CSP: daily average solar radiation 5-7 kWh/m², and

estimated potential of 6,400 GWh annually for CSP. The government plans to launch a

CSP pilot demonstration project in the short and medium term –commissioning is

expected by early 2012- and it intends to develop an installed capacity from 300-600 MW

by 2020 of CSP, PV and hybrid power plants. Soft loans are a prerequisite for developing

the first commercial CSP plant in the country.


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The Clean Technology Fund – Mr. Rohit Khanna, Senior Operations Officer,

World Bank

CTF is a multi-donor trust fund –pledges of US$ 5 billion- that provides

incentives for scaled-up deployment and transfer of low carbon technologies with

significant potential for greenhouse gas emissions savings. CTF provides 2 types of

concessional financing depending on the nature of the project: softer concessional -40

year maturity, 10 year grace period and 0.25% service charge- and harder concessional -

20 year maturity, 10 year grace period and 0.75% service charge-. CTF funding must be

blended with sponsoring MDB, e.g. CTF financing was only 10-15% of total investment

in Egypt and Morocco CTF Investment Plans. The investment plan provides a notional

sense of the resource envelope. The concrete financing of individual projects is approved

on a later stage. The investment plan needs to demonstrate: evidence of country

ownership, additionality of CTF financing, co-benefits -especially related to sustainable

development and regional impact, strong enabling environment and proposed

regulatory/policy change, and strong role for private investment. The CTF Trust Fund

Committee will use the following criteria for assessing the proposed CSP Scale-up

program: potential for GHG emissions savings, cost-effectiveness, demonstration of

potential at scale –replicability potential, development impact, implementation potential –

appropriate institutional capacity to quickly move with projects, additional cost and risk

premium to demonstrate that CTF is needed to close the financing gap.


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Key Issues

This section summarizes the major issues addressed in regard to a successful CSP scale-

up in the MENA region.

Participating Countries’ Long-term and Project-specific Plans for CSP

There is strong interest among countries in the region to develop renewable

energy projects and in particular CSP projects. Six countries made presentations on how

CSP figures into both their immediate and long-term energy strategies. They discussed

how CSP helps them meet their energy objectives, including supply diversification and

increased renewable use. In addition, pipeline projects were also presented. Table 1

below provides a list of pipeline projects presented at the workshop as well as

information gathered from developers and experts. However, securing adequate

concessional financing and suitable policy conditions for power exports to Europe is

important to make CSP projects viable in the immediate term.

Table 1 - List of CSP Projects in pipeline

Country No. of Projects Location Capacity (MW)

Morocco 3 Tan Tan

Ain Beni Mathar

Ourzazate

15

125

100

Algeria5 3 NA 75

75

75

Tunisia 2 ELMED- Hauoria

(five sites identified)

200+

50

Libya 1 NA 50-100

Egypt 1 TBD 100

Jordan6 1 Maan Province 100

Total 965-1,015 MW

The typical time for launching a project is 18 months and engineering,

procurement and contracting (EPC) around 24 months. In total, from conception until

commissioning, a CSP project can take between 36-44 months. In other words, in the best

case scenario, it will take between 3-4 years for a CSP plant to begin operations from the

moment of conception.

5 Algeria did not participate in the workshop. The data was gathered by World bank consultants during a

visit to Algeria as part of joint mission with EC experts. 6 Jordan project is under early consideration by the private sector.


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Job Creation and Technology Transfer

Participants agreed about the importance to put forward solid arguments on the

net positive impacts of CSP investments on the local job markets in MENA countries.

Existing studies on the impact of renewables energies on the European job market

estimate that they could create around 400,000 net jobs by 2020. Participants from

MENA governments urged Multilateral Development Banks to support tailor-made

studies to assess the jobs created by CSP investments in MENA countries. Some

participants also noted that the CSP scale-up program can contribute to transform local

industries in the region by paving the way to the manufacture of CSP components in the

region. Capacity building for local experts in CSP plant operations is perceived by some

regional governments as a pre-requisite for CSP scale-up in the region.

Regional Energy Integration

Several presenters and participants discussed how the growing integration of

countries’ energy systems would boost the prospects for CSP. By sharing reserve

margins and creating larger portfolios of plants from which to dispatch, CSP can be more

easily integrated into utility systems. Integration of MENA country systems with EU

countries is also under serious consideration with numerous new transmission lines being

explored at the feasibility study stage. It was also noted that Mauritania should be invited

to be part of this initiative as it is a member of the Arab Maghreb Union.

State of Technology

Governments and industry are showing a renewed interest in CSP technology.

Spain and the US, with suitable natural resources combined with substantial government

support schemes, have been pioneers. CSP is now poised to achieve substantial cost

reductions by the economies of scale obtained through increased production of its

components required for the scale-up program. There are four types of CSP technology,

with different advantages and disadvantages. Parabolic trough is the most expanded and

mature technology, but requires high skill labor to produce some of its components.

Instead, Linear Fresnel has the largest possibilities for cost reduction but it is not mature

enough to develop at large scale. Storage options are generally in pre-commercialization

stage and require further testing.

Water use

Water availability is a problem in several of the MENA countries. CSP is a

technology that requires amounts of water comparable to any other fossil fuel power

plant. It is estimated that a plant with Parabolic trough technology in Spain producing

180 GWh/year requires 620,000 cubic meters of water -3.4 liters/kWh-, whereas a

conventional power plant –coal or natural gas- has an annual water consumption of 2.6

liters/kWh. Dry cooling systems reduce the water consumption down to 10 % of a wet

cooling, but raise investment by 4-6 % and increases levelized electricity cost by up to 10


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%. The impact of the CSP program on water resources is to be examined in further

including possible role of water desalination as an option.

Cost-effectiveness and Financing Package

On a per unit basis ($/MWh), CSP is currently more expensive than fossil fuel

options and many renewable resources, e.g. wind. However, expected cost reductions

from scale-up will almost certainly narrow this gap. However, developing a robust

financing package will be a challenge as about 50% of the capital cost would need to

come from highly concessional financing sources such as the CTF and other sources of

financing.

Both the World Bank Group (WBG) and the African Development Bank (AfDB)

expressed their strong commitment with this program. While recognizing the technical,

regulatory and financial challenges, they offered their support in overcoming obstacles to

CSP development in MENA countries and ultimately the provision of financing for plant

construction

Next steps Participants agreed on the following road map:

- MENA countries’ focal points will prepare 2-page summaries of their CSP

projects under development. These summaries will inform the overall CSP

Investment Plan (IP) to be submitted to the CTF Trust Fund Committee for its

endorsement.

- The AfDB and the WBG will work together to develop the body of the

Investment Plan.

- AfDB and Tunisian authorities will organize a follow-up stakeholder meeting in

Tunis in September-October 2009 to: a) assess the progress of the CTF

Investment Plan, b) update parties on the development of each country’s CSP

projects and progress in the 2-page summaries, c) be informed about any update

on the CSP industry or technology, and d) agree on a timeline for finalizing the IP

and submitting to the CTF Trust Fund Committee.

- The Investment Plan will be submitted to the CTF Trust Fund Committee for its

endorsement after the stakeholder meeting.


18

Annex 1 – Workshop Agenda

MENA Regional Concentrating Solar Power Scale-Up

Program Joint Launch Workshop of the African Development Bank and the World Bank

Group

June 11-12 2009 Hotel Tour Hassan, Rabat, Morocco

AGENDA

Thursday, June 11

Registration of Participants 8:15

Welcome

Françoise Clottes, World Bank 9:00

Hela Cheikhrouhou, AfDB 9:10

The MENA Regional Scale-up Program

Chandrasekar Govindarajalu, World Bank 9:20

Questions and Answers 9:40

Technical Aspects of Concentrating Solar Power (CSP)

Wolfgang Eichhammer, Fraunhofer Institute, Germany 10:00


Coffee Break 10:45

Policy and Financing Aspects of CSP 11:00

Mario Ragwitz, Fraunhofer Institute, Germany

Chandrasekar Govindarajalu, World Bank



19

Link to the MENA Regional Energy Market Integration 11:45

Silvia Pariente-David, World Bank

Jonathan d’Entremont Coony, World Bank

- Interconnection issues, Youssef Arfaoui, AfDB


Lunch 12:30

Libya Country Presentation on CSP 1:15

Eng. Fathi Mohamed Abugrad, Chairman, Renewable Energy

Authority (REAOL)

Discussion 1:30

Egypt Country Presentation on CSP 2:00

Eng. Laila Georgy, Vice Chairman for Studies Researches &Technical

Affairs, New & Renewable Energy Authority, Ministry of Electricity

and Energy

Discussion 2.15

Jordan Country Presentation on CSP 2:45

Eng. Ziad J. Sabra, Director of Alternative Energy and Energy

Efficiency, Department Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources

Discussion 3:00

Coffee Break 3:30

Malta Country Presentation on CSP 3:45

Eng. Filippa Micallef, Malta Resources Authority

Discussion 4:00

Morocco Country Presentation on CSP 4:30

Saïd Mouline, Director-General, Centre de Développement des

Energies Renouvelables (CDER)

- Pilot project presentation : Ain Beni Mathar, M. El Moussaoui,

Head of Department, Office National de l’Electricité (ONE)

Discussion 4:45


20

Tunisia Country Presentation on CSP 5:15

Amor Ounalli, Director, Renewable Energies Department, Agence

Nationale pour la Maîtrise de l’Energie (ANME)

- Pilot project presentation : ELMED project, Eng. Belhassen

Chiboub, Director, Ministère de l’Industrie de l’Energie et des PME

Discussion 5:30

Session Summaries 5:45

Jonathan d’Entremont Coony, Roger Coma-Cunill, World Bank (Morning)

Youssef Arfaoui, AfDB (Afternoon- Tunisia, Malta, Morocco)

Mohab Hallouda, World Bank ( Afternoon- Egypt, Jordan, Libya)

Day 1 conclusions and Program for Day 2 6:15

Silvia Pariente-David/Chandrasekar Govindarajalu, World Bank

Friday, June 12

CSP Industry Survey Results 9:00

Wolfgang Eichhammer, Fraunhofer Institute, Germany

Mario Ragwitz, Fraunhofer Institute, Germany

The Clean Technology Fund Investment Plan 9:45

Rohit Khanna, CTF Secretariat

Outline of the MENA Regional CTF Investment Plan 10:00


Youssef Arfaoui, AfDB

- Presentation and Discussion of each section of the IP

Coffee Break 11:00

Next Steps in preparation of IP and Time Line 11:30



21

Annex 2 – Participant List

Fathi Mohamed Abugrad, Renewable Energy Authority (REAOL), Chairman, Libya

Dr. Albashur Abdulsalam Aburwen, Ministry of Planning & Finance, Libya

Abdelouahad Acharai, CDER, Chef de Division, Morocco

Dr. Khairy Aglu, Solar Studies & Research Centre, Libya

Youssef Arfaoui, AfDB

Zineb Benhabiba, Ministry of Transport, Chef Division, Morocco

Hervé-Marie Cariou, AfDB

Boubker Chatre, Ministry of Energy, Chef de Service Energies Renouvelables, Morocco

Hela Cheikhrouhou, AfDB

Eng. Belhassen Chiboub, Ministère de l'Industrie de l'Energie et des PME, Tunisia

Roger Coma-Cunill, World Bank

Jonathan d'Entremont Coony, World Bank

Wolfgang Eichhammer, ISI Fraunhofer, Germany

Dr. Hisham El Agamawy, Environmental Affairs Agency, General Manager, Egypt

Abdelkrim El Amrani, Ministry of Economic and General Affairs, Morocco

Mr. El Guerrouj, Ministry of Finances, Morocco

Yara El Morsy, Ministry of International Cooperation, Egypt

Abdelhaquim El Moussaoui, ONE, Head of Department, Morocco

Said El Yacoubi, Ministry of Finances, Morocco

Youssef Eshaimi, MET, Chef de Service, Morocco

Zohra Ettaik, Ministry of Energy, Chef de Division, Morocco

Eng. Laila Georgy Yoissef, New & Renewable Energy Authority, Vice Chairman, Egypt


Mr. Guerrouj, Ministère des Affaires Économiques et Générales, DEPP, Morocco

Mohab Awad Mokhtar Hallouda, World Bank

Rime Jedidi, Ministère Affaires Économiques et Générales, Chargée d’Etudes, Morocco

Rohit Khanna, CTF/World Bank

Abdelhamid Khalfallah, Ministère de l'Industrie de l'Energie et des PME, Tunisia

Aicha Laabdaoui, Ministry of Energy, Chef de Service, Morocco


22

Fatiha Machkori, Ministry of Energy, Chef de Service, Morocco

Moheddine Mejri, STEG, Chef de Département, Tunisia

Saida Mendili, UMA

Iain Menzies, World Bank

Eng. Filippa Micallef, Malta Resources Authority, Malta

Saïd Mouline, Director-General, CDER, Morocco

Zahraa Ouacifi, Chef de Division, MET, Morocco

Amor Ounalli, ANME, Directeur Energies Renouvelables, Tunisia


Mario Ragwitz, ISI Fraunhofer, Germany

Philippe Roos, World Bank

Eng. Ziad J. Sabra, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, Director, Jordan

Hayat Sabri, Ministère de l’Habitat, Directrice Adjointe, Morocco

Khadija Sebbata, World Bank

Mrs. Slimani, Ministry of Finances, Morocco

Youssef Zidi, Ministère de l’Environnement et du Développement Durable, Tunisia

Abdelillah Zkiou, Ministry of Energy, Chef de Service, Morocco


23

Annex 3 – Country Presentations

Libya Country Presentation on CSP - Eng. Fathi Mohamed Abugrad, Chairman,

Renewable Energy Authority (REAOL)

Present Situation & Future Initiatives

Renewable Energy in Libya:

Electrical Energy Generation mix (2007)

Heavy fuel oil

26%

Light fuel oil

33%

Natural gas

41%

Renew able energy

0%

Electricity Main Key Figures (2/4)


24

Although, Libya enjoys important

potential of RE especially solar and wind

but the role of these sources in the energy

mix is negligible;

In the past several initiatives & steps

where undertaken to develop RE in the

country:

RE DEVELOPMENT

Photovoltaic (PV) to supply small remote

loads (300 systems - 210 kWp)

PV Rural electrification Sites


25

Meteorological research in support of

comprehensive wind atlas for Libya (10 stations)

.

Wind Atlas, based on satellite &

measurement meteorological stations data

has been achieved.


26

Libya like other countries in the world is

increasingly concerned by high conventional

energy prices and environment issues,

combined with rapid demand growth.

Accordingly, the Renewable energy

authority of Libya (REAOL) founded recently

to promote the development of renewable

energies

To achieve the above mentioned goals andobjectives REAOL prepared a mid-term plan(2008-2012) to promote RE application inLibya.

This plan consist of the following:

- Several wind farms with total capacity around500 MW (within an overall initiative of1000MW by 2015) .

1. DERNAH wind farm 1st stage 60 MW.

2. AL MQRUN wind farm 120 MW 1st stage.

3. MESLATA & TRHUNA wind farm 50 MW each.

4. DERNAH wind farm 2nd stage 60 MW.

5. AL MQRUN wind farm 120 MW 2nd stage.

MED-TERM PLAN 2008-2012 (1/3)


27

Large scale PV plant grid connected in

different locations about (6-10 MW).

Expanding the use of PV technologies to

feed remote areas about (2 MW).

PV roof top systems to supply certain

residential areas about (500 systems).

Construct the first CSP in Libya (50 – 100

MW).

MED-TERM PLAN 2008-2012 (2/3)

Construct a joint venture with local and

foreign investors a Solar Heaters Factory to

satisfy local needs and exporting to

international market.

Construct a PV modules Factory as a joint

venture with some investors.

Executing national program for using

solar heating in the residential sector.

Encourage & promote local & foreign

investment in this field.

MED-TERM PLAN 2008-2012 (3/3)


28

CSP Potential

Solar Radiation Resource Assessment

Libya in the heart of sun belt

Hugh solar potential;

The solar radiation

reaches 7.5 KWh/m2/day;

(3000-3500) sunshine

hours yearly;


29

Solar Radiation Availability

Large flat area

Large potential for

development

Technical and Economic CSP Potential in Libya

Technical Potential: 139,600 TWh/y

Economic Potential: 139,470 TWh/y

Power Demand 2008: 29 TWh/y

Power Demand 2020: 109 TWh/y

Tentative CSP 2050: 22 TWh/y

Coastal Potential: 498 TWh/y

Water Demand 2050: 25 TWh/y (Power

for Desalination )

- According to several international studies such as ( MED-CSP By DLR )


30

Stage 2: Potential Development to

Cover National Demand and Transfer

Solar Power to Europe Several GWs



Solar Power to Europe Several GWs



Solar Power to Europe (Several

GWs)

Stage 1 : 1st CSP plant in Libya ( 100 MW)

The Possibility

The plan

• Joint company with

specialized partner

• PPA to be signed with the

local

The plan

• Joint company with

specialized partner

• PPA to be signed with the

local


31


32

Egypt Country Presentation on CSP - Eng. Laila Georgy, Vice Chairman for Studies

Researches &Technical Affairs, New & Renewable Energy Authority, Ministry of

Electricity and Energy

Eng. Laila Georgy Yoissef

Vise Chairman

New & Renewable Energy Authority (NREA)

Jun, 2009

Institutional framework:

Establishing NREA (1986)

The national focal point in charge of developing,

introducing and promoting renewable energy

technologies to Egypt on a commercial scale

together with implementation of related energy

conservation programs


33

National Strategy up to 2020

In February 2008, the Supreme Council of Energy approved an

ambitious plan to:

Satisfy 20% of the generated electricity by

renewable energies by 2020, including 12%

from wind energy,

i.e., reaching more than 7200 MW grid-

connected wind farms (about 600 MW wind

farms annually).

Private

Developers

NREA

33%

67%

The Sector Policy Depends on 3 Main Pillars: Diversifying energy resources.

Improving Energy efficiency and energy conservation programs.

Maximizing the share of (RE) in the energy mix.

The polices to foster increasing wind contribution consist of two phases:

Phase 1,

Will adopt Competitive Bids approach:

• Guaranteed long PPA,

• Carbon Credit,

• flexible land lease;

• RE Fund.

Phase 2,

• Will increase the chances to the market forces through the implementation

of feed-in-tariff taking into consideration the prices achieved in phase 1.

Policies


34

• A new electricity act has been developed by the Ministry of

Electricity & Energy and it is subject to the constitutional

approvals.

• The act has been designed to reflect the ongoing market

reform as well as to strengthen the regulatory agency.

• It includes articles supporting REs, through encouraging

private investments in renewables.

New Electricity Act


35

Wind Resource Assessment

Wind Atlas of Egypt,

2005

Wind Atlas of Gulf of

Suez, 1996 - 2003

Egypt Wind Map,

1987

In cooperation with USAID In cooperation with Risoe

(Denmark) & EMAIn cooperation with Risoe

(Denmark) & EMA

- Since 2001, series of large scale wind farms, totaling about

430 MW in cooperation with Germany, Denmark, Spain and

Japan.

- Key Indicators:

- Generated Electricity: ~ 3.5 Billion kWh,

- Fuel Saving: ~ 900,000 T.O.E.,

- Emissions Reduction: ~2 Million T.CO2.

Large Scale Wind Farms


36

The Solar Atlas was issued,

indicating that Egypt as one of

the sun belt countries is

endowed with high intensity of

direct solar radiation ranging

between 2000 – 3000 kWh/m2/year

from North to South.

The sun shine duration ranges

between 9-11 h/day from

North to South, with very few

cloudy days.

Solar Atlas

Photovoltaic (PV) Applications

Currently, the total installed capacity is about 5 MW

(7 local companies).

Solar Thermal Energy Applications

500,000 m2 of domestic solar water heating systems have

been installed since the 1980s

(14 local companies).


37

The 1st CSP project of 140 MW

including solar field of 20 Mwe is

under implementation

The total investments cost is about

340 Mio $, including GEF grant of

about 50 mio $.

JBIC covers the finance of the

Combined Cycle island (about 17

Billion JPY.).

The contracts of both CC & solar

islands were signed in Sept. 30th and

Oct.21st 2007 respectively.

The project is expected to be

operational at the mid of 2010.

600 C

Gas turbine(s)

Steam

turbine

Condenser

Steam

540 C, 100bar

Stack Exhaust

100 C

395 C

Electricity

to the grid

Parabolic

Trough Field

295 C

Gas turbine(s)

Steam

turbine

Condenser

Steam

540 C, 100bar

Stack Exhaust

100 C

395 C

Electricity

to the grid

Parabolic

Trough Field

295 C

Tower

G ~

Solar HX

Solar Island

600 C

Gas turbine(s)

Steam

turbine

Condenser

Steam

540 C, 100bar

Stack Exhaust

100 C

395 C

Electricity

to the grid

Parabolic

Trough Field

295 C

Air and

vapour

Air Air

G

~

HRSG

Cooling

Tower

G

~

G

~

G

~

Solar HX

Solar Island CC Island

Concentrated Solar Power (CSP)

140 MW Solar thermal power

Summary of Technical Parameters

20Capacity of solar portion (MW)

131Solar collectors area (1000 m2)

590Solar field area incl. power block (1000 m2)

79Nameplate capacity of gas turbine (MW)

76.5Nameplate capacity of steam turbine (MW)

852Net electric energy (GWh/a)

33Solar electric energy (GWh/a)

4%Solar share(%)

10000Fuel saving due to the solar portion (T.O.E / a)

20000CO2 reduction (T/a)


140 MW Solar thermal power


38

The project starts construction in Jan. 2008 and it is

estimated to operate commercially in year 2010


140 MW Solar thermal power: Construction

The first parabolic trough unit

was installed on 11 Jan. 2009. Currently


140 MW Solar thermal power: Construction


39

Exporting clean energy generated from Wind & CSP to Europe via regionalinterconnection links.

Trading the emission reductions.

Enhancing the local industrial capabilities through technology transfer.

Creating national and regional market for RE equipment.

Creating new job opportunities.

The vision focuses on :

Increasing the contribution of RE in the electric energy mix to meet the growingdemand (7-8% annually).

Saving the fossil fuels (Oil &NG) for export and for future generations needs.


NREA Vision

NREA’s long term plan up to 2017 is to implement 100 Mw CSP project

High Solar Intensity.

Arid flat desert.

Growing electricity demand.

Local industrial capabilities and manpower skills.

Egypt’s Point of View for CSP Deployment in MENA

National Potentials

High up front costs.

CSP know-how technologies are limited to North Side of the

Mediterranean .

Lack of qualified national capacity.

Necessity of upgrading the grid infrastructure for importing green

energy.

Barriers


40

Availability of flexible financing schemes(grants, soft loans,…)

Plans for upgrading the grid infrastructure

Issues of conventional energy subsidy and market reforms in the

South

Programs for know-how and technology transfer.

National capacity building.

Developing Joint R&D.

Cooperation between South and South( industries, markets,…)

Continuous dialogue between North and South

Egypt’s Point of View for CSP Deployment in MENA(cont)

Pre-requisites

Mediterranean Solar Plan (MSP) intiative.

20 GW of new renewable energy capacities by 2020 in the region, mainly by CSP, wind

and PV .

WB/CTF – CSP Scale-up program for MENA.

1 Gw , 750 million US$ and technical assistance

Growing interest of CSP in the MENA countries.

Projects in Morocco, Algeria and Egypt.

Plans in Tunisia, Libya, Jordan,………

Egypt’s Point of View for CSP Deployment in MENA(cont)

Positive Trends


41

Jordan Country Presentation on CSP - Eng. Ziad J. Sabra, Director of Alternative

Energy and Energy Efficiency, Department Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources

MENA Regional Concentrating Solar Power

Scale-Up Program

“Opportunities for CSP Projects in Jordan”

Eng. Ziad Jibril Sabra

Director/ Alternative Energy Department

MEMR

June 11-12 - 2009, Rabat, Morocco

________________________________________Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources


)2020-2007Energy Strategy (

MAIN GOALS :

• Diversifying the energy resources

• Increasing the share of local energy resources in the totalenergy mix .

• Reducing the dependency on imported oil

• Enhancing environment protection

This will be achieved through :

• Expanding the development of renewable energyresources

• Promoting energy conservation and awareness

• Maximizing the utilization of domestic energy resources(oil shale, natural gas, etc.)

• Generating electricity from nuclear energy.


42

The Energy Mix in Jordan (2007 – 2020)2007

2015 2020

Domestic Resources 39%, Imported 61%



Oil Products 66%

Renewable 1%Imported

Electricity 7%

N. Gas 26%

Imported

Electricity 2%Imported

Electricity 1%Renewable 10%

Renewable7%

Oil Products 40% Oil Products 51%

N. Gas 29% N. Gas 29%

Nuclear 6% Oil

Shale 11% Oil

Shale 14%


Renewable Energy Strategy

Framework

• Maximize the utilization of renewable energy resources.

• Continue to conduct resource assessment and identify

development priorities.

• Promote private investments in renewable energy projects.

• Provide incentives, increase the awareness and strengthen

the capacity of renewable energy stakeholders.

• Promote the local manufacture of RE technologies.

• Enhance access to energy services in remote communities.

• Introduce Renewable Energy Legislation.

• Establish Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Fund


43


Renewable Energy Resources

TargetAt Present

The government

aims for a 10%

share in the

primary energy mix

in 2020.

The contribution of

the renewable

energy is around

1% from the

primary energy

mix.

Open Plain Hills>7.5 m/s >11.5 m/s

6.5-7.5m/s 10-11.5m/s

5.5-6.5m/s 8.6-10m/s

4.6-5.5m/s 7-8.6 m/s< 4.5 m/s < 7.0 m/s


The Potential of Renewable Energy

1. Wind Energy

Resources:

Wind Measurement Network at

several locations in the

Kingdom is ongoing .

Wind speed exceeds 7 m/s at

selected sites.

Two wind Pilot projects (1125

Kw) at Hofa and Ibrahimiah.

Resources are significant.


44


Development Target: Wind Power

• Jordan has an ambitious program in wind energy

development, where about 600 MW of wind turbines to

be installed by the year 2015, to be doubled by 2020.

• A bid process for the Al Kamshah 30-40 MW wind

project was launched in 2008 and is now under

negotiation with the preferred bidder and planned to be

in operation during the year 2010.

• Jordan would like to see more rapid development of

wind sites and so a series of new wind farms are

planned, these include :


• Al Fujeij, Shoubak (80-90 MW) on BOO basis will be

tendered for prequalification by mid April 2009 in

coordination with the World Bank. The project

commercial operation date expected in 2011.

• Wind Pooling: a study is ongoing to pool the potential

wind park sites Southern of Jordan at Harir, Wadi Araba

and Ma’an with a capacity (300-400) MW in one

international bidding process to attract wind park

developers, to be launched in the second half of 2009.


45


2. Solar Energy

Resources:-

Daily Average Solar

Radiation between 5-7

Kwh/m2

Potential : 6400 GWh

annually for concentrating

Solar power.

Resources are extremely

high.


Direct Solar Irradiation at

Quwairah, Naqb and

Kharana:

Quwairah, and Ra’s En Naqb are

located in the southwest of

the country, where Direct

Irradiation is very high and

comparative to good sites like

Barstow, California, USA.

Kharana is situated in the

north of Jordan, 60 kilometers

southeast of the capital

Amman.


46

Solar System characteristics, Quwairah


47


Past and on-going activities in Solar Energy

Decentralized photovoltaic units in rural and remote

villages for lighting, water pumping and other social

services (500 kW of peak capacity).

15% of all households are equipped with Solar water

heating systems.

Solar pond for potash production


Development Target: Solar Power

50% of households to be equipped with

Solar water heating by the year 2020.

Aim for a Concentrating Solar Power, CSP pilot

demonstration project in the short to medium run.

Prominent area for development: Aqaba and South-East

region.

Planned Installed capacity: 300 to 600 MW (CSP, PV and

hybrid power plants) by 2020.


48


Road Map for the first commercial CSP plant

in Jordan Solid financial conditions are important prerequisites for the

development of a CSP market.

Soft loan with low interest rates, long repayment period and

grace period is a key element of these conditions.

The actual costs for electricity generation for CSP technology

are above the market level.

This might of course change with increasing prices for gas and

oil, but for a stable initial market situation, soft loans are

required.


Road map


49

Malta Country Presentation on CSP - Eng. Filippa Micallef, Malta Resources

Authority

1

Energy Situation in Malta

MENA Regional Concentration Solar Power Scale-up Program

Malta Resources Authority

Inġ Phyllis Micallef

2 June 2009

2

MRA Organizational Set Up

• Chairman, Deputy Chairman and 5 other members of the Authority;

• Chief Executive Officer;

• Three Directorates – Energy, Water and Mineral Resources Regulation.

• Total employees = 35

18 of which are professionals Engineers

Lawyers

Economists


50

3

Malta Background Information

• Maltese Archipelago - Malta, Gozo & other small uninhabited islands;

Area: 316 km2;

Population: 400,000 ;

High population density: 1,261 inhabitants/km2

Urban Fabric – 23 %

Agriculture – 49%

Industrial and commercial uses – 2%

4

Malta Climate

• There are really only two seasons in Malta: the dry summer season, and the mild winter season.

• Average summer temperature is 26oC(max .

• Average winter temperature is 12oC.

• Average rainfall is 558.2 mm (22 ins). Rain rarely, if ever, falls during the summer months.


51

5

Malta Energy Situation

• Malta relies entirely on imported fossil fuels – HFO and Gas oil for

electricity generation;

• Electricity system is small and isolated (no interconnections) :

Two power stations with total installed capacity = 571 MW;

Total generated units (2008) = 2.3 TWh;

Distribution voltage 132kV

33kV

11kV

400/230V

• Electricity consumption by sector:

Domestic 36 %; Commercial 33 %; Industrial 29 %; Street lighting 2%

• Penetration of RES:

Very small contribution from RES < 1%;

Increasing uptake of SWH and PV with Government support schemes;

6

Malta Energy Balance

Other uses

Domestic :heating cooking

industry/commercial use


52

7

Fuel Consumption by Type (2008)

5.46%

0.05%

4.00%

0.73%

0.06%

0.06%

1.18%

0.02%

66.71%

16.52%

5.19%

0.01%

0.004%

Diesel Biodiesel Unleaded LRP Kerosene LHO LPG

Propane Fuel Oil Gas oil Jet A1 Avgas Petrol

8

Electricity Generation

Annual Electricity Generation

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Calendar Year

Gen

era

tio

n (

MW

h)

Marsa PS Delimara PS

Dispatched Electricity Projections

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

Year

Po

we

r (G

Wh

)

Dispatch Business as Usual 2,625 2,693 2,781 2,859 2,937 3,015 3,093 3,133 3,173 3,213 3,253

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Electricity Generation 2002 - 2008

Projected Electricity (Dispatched)

2009 - 2020


53

9

Seasonal electricity demand profiles

•DAILY LOAD CHARTS

•120

•130

•140

•150

•160

•170

•180

•190

•200

•210

•220

•230

•240

•250

•260

•270

•280

•290

•300

•310

•320

•330

•340

•350

•360

•370

•380

•390

•400

•410

•420

•430

•1:0

0

•2:0

0

•3:0

0

•4:0

0

•5:0

0

•6:0

0

•7:0

0

•8:0

0

•9:0

0

•10

:00

•11

:00

•12

:00

•13

:00

•14

:00

•15

:00

•16

:00

•17

:00

•18

:00

•19

:00

•20

:00

•21

:00

•22

:00

•23

:00

•0:0

0

•TIME

•Spring •Summer •Autumn •Winter

10

Conventional Electricity Projects

• Expansion of local generation capacity:

•2011 around 100 – 150 MW

• 2014 around 100 – 150 MW

• 2013 interconnection with Sicily

• By 2020 natural gas infrastructure


54

11

Malta Renewable Energy Potential

• Technically Malta can exploit renewable energy through:

large scale wind farms (onshore, offshore),

medium and small scale wind farms (medium scale

20kW- 500 kW and small- scale < 20 kW),

solar - photovoltaic and thermal,

energy from waste,

landfill gas,

sewage treatment plant gas,

biogases and

heat pumps for heating and cooling.

12

Average sunshine hours

Monthly Mean Bright Sunshine 1990-2005

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

14.00

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Month

Ho

urs

Source: National Statistics Office, 2006


55

13

Wind speed map (interpolated data)

14

MRA Role vis-à-vis RES

Preparation of a national educational campaign on sustainable energy use, including information dissemination and awareness raising on:

•Energy efficiency

•Energy conservation

•Renewable Energy Sources


56

15


• Promotion and regulation of RES –

• Government support schemes for promotion of :

solar water heaters;

photovoltaic systems;

microwind installations;

roof insulation;

energy efficiency appliances.

CFL’s

16


• Studies on RES potential and establishing national indicative targets;

• Advise to Government of national energy and renewable energy policy formulation;

• Authorisation and licensing of RES installations.


57

17

Registration of RES installations

• RES generators with a capacity less than 10 kW and less than 16Amps on each phase; i.e.

Require only to notification to the MRA

• Larger capacity RES generators

Require an Authorisation to construct a generationcapacity issued by the MRA and a licence/licenses

May require a development permit

• Connection to the grid require the submission of anapplication to Enemalta( DSO)

18

RES incentives

• Net Metering system is currently being used for the electrical power generated.

• Spill-off electricity is credited at 6.99 €cents/kWh

• Domestic sector• 50% grant up to €3000 on PV

• 30% grant up to €750 on Micro wind

• 66% grant up to €465 on SWH

• Industry(current ERDF Scheme)• 50% on investment on Solar thermal applications and RES

generators

• Investment capped to €200,000


58

19

Promotion of RES in the Domestic Sector

Areas and amount of support

• Photovoltaic – up to 1,200kWp in a 3 year period

• Micro-wind – up to 300kWp in a 3 year period

• Solar Water Heaters – up to 4,000 units per year

20

PV Penetration in Malta

• Sept 2004 to March 2009 – MRA received: 56 notifications for PV installations 7 applications for authorisation

PV Installed Capacity Trend (March09).

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000

22

/09

/20

04

22

/02

/20

05

22

/07

/20

05

22

/12

/20

05

22

/05

/20

06

22

/10

/20

06

22

/03

/20

07

22

/08

/20

07

22

/01

/20

08

22

/06

/20

08

22

/11

/20

08

Date of installation

Cu

mu

lati

ve C

ap

acit

y (

W)

•Total installed capacity approximately 254kWp•Annual Electricity Generation estimated to be 381MWh


59

21

PV Penetration in Malta by Sector

• PV installations is Malta have not yet picked up due to the existing barriers.

• Most installations are in the Public Sector as a promotion to this technology.

PV Capacity by Sector (March 09)

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

Commercial Public Domestic Industrial

Sectors

Cap

acit

y (

Watt

s)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

No

. O

f In

sta

llati

on

s

Capacity per Category No. Of Installations

22

Micro Wind Penetration in Malta

• Total number of notified

micro wind turbines

installed 3, adding up to

4.8kWp installed


60

23

SWH Penetration in Malta

• Capacity of total installations in Malta in 2008 ~ 25,451 kWth

Malta approx. 64kWth/1,000 capita in 2008

EU average 21 kWth/1,000 capita

Cyprus – leader in solar thermal

Total capacity estimated to reach 85kWth/1,000 capita by 2010

24

PV potential

• Estimated annual yield is 1500kWh per kWp

• Considerable potential for installation of PV on industrial, commercial and public buildings

• Domestic sector potential less favourable-• available space mainly owned by non-favourable age group

• less terraced houses more multi storey buildings

• General public still has misconceptions on this technology

• High capital investment required

• Roofs have alternative use


61

25

Wind exploitation status

Goverment has proposed three sites for wind farm developement, these are:

Offshore site of Sikka l-Bajda (around 95)• 95MW – estimated cost €280 - €320 million

Onshore sites of Hal Far and Wied Rini• Hal-Far (4.2 MW ) estimated cost - €5.5 – €7.5 million.

• Wied Rieni (10.2MW ) estimated cost - €5.5 – €7.5 million.

26

Wind developments status

• Grid stability study – isolated system issues

• Application for a development permit for the three chosen sites submited to MEPA

• A call for tenders for the building of the wind farms will follow.

• Electricity generated from RES to be purchased by Enemalta (sole supplier to final customers)

• Estimated yield from the 3 wind farms around 4.8% of the 10% of Malta Renewable Energy target by 2020.


62

Morocco Country Presentation on CSP - Saïd Mouline, Director-General, Centre de

Développement des Energies Renouvelables (CDER)

1

MENA Regional

Concentrating Solar Power

Scale-Up Program

La stratégie pour les centrales

thermosolaires à concentration

au Royaume du Maroc

Rabat, les 11 et 12 juin 2009

Saïd Mouline

Directeur Général

CDER

2

• Contexte

• Historique

• Projets programmés

• Approche industrielle

• Conclusion

Sommaire


63

3

Extraits de la Lettre Royale de SM Mohammed VI aux premières

assises nationales de l’Energie, Rabat, le 6 mars 2009

Eu égard à Notre volonté de sécuriser notre approvisionnement

énergétique, Nous insistons sur la nécessité de diversifier nos

sources d’énergie, de mobiliser nos ressources renouvelables,….

Afin de traduire dans les faits Notre volonté de soutenir les

programmes d’efficacité énergétique et de de développement des

énergies renouvelables, Nous avons créé le Fonds de

Développement Energétique,….

Contexte

4

Contexte

La montée en puissance de la part des énergies

renouvelables dans le mix énergétique.

Développement de l’éolien.

la puissance électrique cumulée à partir de l’éolien atteindra 1554 MW

en 2012, 2200 en 2020, et 5500 en 2030, à réaliser par l’ONE, les

autoproducteurs et les opérateurs sous concession

Croissance pour l’énergie solaire avec la réalisation d’ici à 2030 de:

1000 MW en solaire à concentration (SEGS, Fresnel, Stirling, Tour)

400 MW en photovoltaïque (PV, CPV);

3 000 000 m2 en solaire thermique.


64

5

Contexte


renouvelables dans le mix énergétique

L’émergence de la biomasse avec une puissance installée de 400 MW de

puissance installée d’ici 2030

La mobilisation du potentiel hydroélectrique par:

L’optimisation des centrales existantes;

La recherche et la construction de nouvelles STEP pour gérer les

pointes de la demande;

La régulation des turbinages par l’installation de bassins de rétention;

L’équipement des sites identifiés de micro centrales hydroélectriques.

Contexte

6

Contexte


renouvelables dans le mix énergétique

A l’horizon 2030 les énergies renouvelables devront permettre

une économie en énergie fossile de 2,6 Mtep/an

et contribuer à la création de 25 000 emplois

Tous les projets se feront en tenant compte des mécanismes financiers liés

aux Mécanismes de Développement Propre et tout autres financements liés à

la problématique des changements climatiques

Contexte


65

7

Contexte

La création d’une Agence dédiée aux énergies

renouvelables et à l’efficacité énergétique

La mise en place d’une nouvelle législation

concernant les énergies renouvelables

La mise en place d’un fonds dédié

8

ContexteContexte

Potentiel réalisable à partir:

• PV 1 080 MWc

• CES 3 000 000 M²

• CSP 1000 MW

• 4,2 Mio tonnes/an CO2 évités

• 600 Mille Tep/an économisées

•15.000 Emplois créés

SOLAIRE:


66

9

Contexte

Le CSP au Maroc

1993

Etude de préfaisabilité pour la réalisation d’une centrale de type SEGS

au Maroc et en Espagne

Etude approfondie sur le site de Ouarzazate et de Taroudant

Publication dans la revue Politique d’efficacité de l’énergie et

environnement (Editions Economica, Banque Mondiale)

Historique CSP

10

Contexte

Les projets PV et CSP au Maroc

Sites projetés

Aîn Beni Mathar : 20 MW (en construction)

Ain Beni Mathar: 125 MW CSP

Ouarzazate: 100 MW CSP

Tan Tan: 15 MW CSP

Figuig: 10 MW PV

Boujdour: 10 MW PV

Villes vertes: 50 MW PV

Projets CSP


67

11

ContexteInterconnexions

4,50%

9%

16%17%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

2005 2006 2007 2008

Contribution des importations d'électricité dans

la satisfaction de la demande

MEDITERRANNEE

ATLANTIQUE

PINAR DEL REY

TETOUAN

MELLOUSSATANGER

LOUKKOS

FOUARATCle KENITRA

AL WAHDA

ZAEREL OUALI

TOULAL

SEHOUL

FARDIOUA

TARIFA

ESPAGNE

RIAD

A.FASSI

SELOUANE

BOURDIM

SONASID

OUJDA

JERADA

GHAZAOUAT

TELEMCEN

H.AMEUR

ALG

ER

IE

+ ++ +

+++++

DOUYET

OUALILI

IMZOURNEN

PARC EOLIEN140 MW

1erCC TAHADDART400 MW

TAZA

Maroc – Algérie : les réseaux marocain

et algérien, interconnectés depuis 1988, sontraccordés par deux lignes :

• liaison OUJDA-GHAZAOUET d’une longueur de46 kilomètres, mise en service en Juillet 1988.Elle porte sur une capacité de 200 MW;

• liaison OUJDA-TLEMCEN de même capacitéavec une longueur de 67 km mise en service enfévrier 1992.

La tension de service des deux lignes est de 225 KV.

Une troisième liaison en 400 KV est en coursd’achèvement pour porter la capacité d’échange à1200 MW

Maroc- Espagne :les interconnexions

qui lient le réseau électrique Nord du Maroc au réseau électrique Sud d’Espagne à travers le détroit de Gibraltar se caractérisent par les spécifications techniques suivantes:Les réseaux marocain et espagnol, interconnectés depuis 1997, sont raccordés par :

Deux lignes 400 KV de 26 km de long Profondeur maximale de 615 m;Capacité de transit : 1400 MW;Projet de réalisation d’une 3ème ligne 400 KV.

12

Contexte

Les projets PV et CSP au Maroc

Sites projetés

Technopole d’Oujda

Site dédié aux industries des ENR

Kyoto Park

Industrie CSP


68

13

STRATEGIE CSP

Volonté politique

Agence dédiée

Réglementation

Financements Carbone

Interconnexion

Industrie

Conclusion


69

Tunisia Country Presentation on CSP - Amor Ounalli, Director, Renewable Energies

Department, Agence Nationale pour la Maîtrise de l’Energie (ANME)

Atelier organisé par le Comité Exécutif du Fonds pour les Technologies Propres (FTP)

Programme pour le développement à grande échelle

de l’énergie thermosolaire (CSP)

Rabat, les 11 et 12 juin 2009

Perspectives du développement de l’énergie thermosolaire en Tunisie

Amor OUNALLIDirecteur des Energies Renouvelables à l’ANME

Plan de la présentation

Situation énergétique de la Tunisie

Résultats de l’étude de préfaisabilité CSP:

Potentiel du rayonnement solaire en Tunisie;

Recherche et choix des sites;

Choix de la technologie solaire CSP en Tunisie;

Analyse économique;

Financement;

Proposition pour l’étude de faisabilité.


70

0

2

4

6

8

10

1987 1993 1999 2005 2008

Million (Tep)

Demande

Ressources

Equilibre déficitExcédent

I9%

Industrie Transport

36% 31%

16%7%

RésidentielTertiaireAgriculture

10%

2007

Consommation Totale : 5,8 Mtep

CONSOMMATION D’ÉNERGIE FINALE PAR SECTEUR


71

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

2003 2010 2020 2030

Energies Renouvelables

20%

Efficacité Energétique

80%

Mtep

Potentiel d’économie d’énergie à l’horizon 2030

Energies renouvelables : Objectifs

2007 2011

Sans la biomasse et l’hydraulique %

4 %

Avec la biomasse et l’hydraulique 2 % 3 %

Atteindre une part des énergies renouvelables de 4% en 2011 par

rapport à la consommation totale et ce, sans tenir compte de la

consommation de bois et de l’hydraulique.

Atteindre une part des énergies renouvelables de 10% en 2011 par

rapport à la puissance totale électrique installée.


72

Résultats de l’étude de préfaisabilité CSPPotentiel du rayonnement solaire

Bon potentiel du rayonnement solaire au sud du pays

DNI > 2 000 Wh/m².an

Potentiel du rayonnement solaire

L’énergie solaire est très favorable pour couvrir la

demande de pointe en été et vers midi.


73

Recherche et choix des sites

Cinq (5) sites ont été identifiés;

D’autres sites sont possibles.

Conception technique de la centrale CSP proposée

Une centrale CSP d’une puissance de 25 MWeavec combustion supplémentaire

Production de l’électricité: 66 GWh; Consommation de gaz naturel: 4 338 t/an; Emission de CO2 : 19 800 t/an; Contribution solaire : 70 %; Terrain nécessaire : 75 ha; Mise en service : 2012 – 2013.


74

Analyse économique

Centrale CSP d’une puissance de 25 MWe

Investissement : ~ 85 Millions €;

Coûts de production : ~ 18,8 ct € /kWh

Possibilités offertes pour le financement

Soutien de l’Etat : à travers des subventions accordées au prix de l’énergie électrique (kWh) ou à l’investissement;

Réduction des taxes;

Fixation d’un tarif de l’électricité (feed-in-tariff);

Dons et / ou crédits bonifiés.


75

Plan Solaire Méditerranéen

- Centrale électrique à concentration (STEG) :50 MW;

- Photovoltaïque dispersé connecté au réseau électrique (Bâtiments solaires) : 10 MW;

- Photovoltaïque non connecté au réseau électrique (Milieu rural) : 1 MW;

- Centrale Electrique Photovoltaïque (Photovoltaïque concentré) : 50 MW;

- Interconnexion (Câble sous marin reliant le réseau électrique tunisien au réseau électrique italien (400 kV – 1 000 MW));

- Centrale électrique thermique de 1 200 MW intégrant une composante renouvelable (800 MW pour l’Italie et 400 MW pour la Tunisie) : 1 200 MW;

- Solaire thermique hors production d’électricité (Développement du Froid Solaire (Développement du chauffage solaire de l'eau dans les résidences collectives);

- Centrale Electrique à Concentration Solaire (Avec une 2ème ligne d’interconnexion avec l’Italie) : 1 000 MW ;

- Eolien privé : 60 MW ;

- Efficacité énergétique (Programme de démonstration de bâtiment à haute performance énergétique - Diffusion de réfrigérateurs performants par certificats d'économies d'énergie -Diffusion des Lampes Basse Consommation et suppression des ampoules à incandescences -Bâtiment à Energie Positive).

Développement des énergies renouvelables dans

le cadre de la coopération euro-méditerranéenne

Perspectives pour l’étude de faisabilitédétaillée de la centrale CSP 25 MW

Evaluation approfondie des ressources d’énergie solaire;

Evaluation du site sélectionné;

Lancement Programme de mesurage;

Etude de la conception de base de la centrale CSP;

Evaluation des coûts;

Etablissement du cahier des charges.


76

Tunisia Pilot project presentation : ELMED project - Eng. Belhassen Chiboub,

Director, Ministère de l’Industrie de l’Energie et des PME

1ELMED Etudes SARL

Projet ELMEDWorkshop

The preparation of a regional investment plan for Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) Scale-up in the Middle East and North Africa Region (MENA)

Rabat, 11 et 12 Juin 2009

Hôtel La Tour Hassan

2ELMED Etudes SARL

Centrale

Électrique

TUNISIE (Cap Bon) Méditerranée Italie (Sicile)

Câble sous marin(environ 200 km)

Réseau Tunisien Réseau Italien

Station de

conversion

400 kV

alternatif

400 kV Continu

400 kV

alternatif

400 kV Continu

Station de

conversion

SCHÉMA


77

3ELMED Etudes SARL

COMPOSANTES DU PROJET

Une interconnexion en câble sous marin

Technologie HVDC (400 kV continu)

Capacité de transit : 1 000 MW

Longueur approximative : 200 km

Un pôle de production électrique de 1 200 MW en Tunisie

400 MW pour la STEG, 800 MW pour le marché italien

Combustible gaz ou charbon

Intégration de sources renouvelables jusqu’à 600 MW

4ELMED Etudes SARL

200 MW à accès public, disponibles pour les énergies

renouvelables

800 MW pour le pôle de production ELMED (intégration de

sources renouvelables jusqu’à 600 MW)

RÉPARTITION DE LA CAPACITÉ

DE L’INTERCONNEXION

800 MW

renouvelables

Afrique du Nord

Europe


78

5ELMED Etudes SARL

L’INTERCONNEXION

UNE OPPORTUNITÉ POUR

LES SOURCES RENOUVELABLES

• Valorisation des sources renouvelables d’Afrique du Nord

• Accès aux marchés italien et européen des certificats verts

6ELMED Etudes SARL

PLAN D’ACTION

Manifestation

d’intérêt

Constitution

d’ELMED S.A.

2009

Années suivantes

2011

Adjudication droits

de production Début de la

construction

2015 – 2016 : Mise en service

2010

Lancement AOP Accord de

Partenariat

Terna -Steg

2008

Signature des

contrats (PPA,

contrat de

transport)

Constitution

d’ELMED Études

SARL


79

Annex 4 – Concept Note on CSP Scale-up Program endorsed

by CTF Trust Fund Committee on May 11th

2009

Please, refer to the working document CTF/TFC.3/7 ―Clean Technology Fund: Concept

Note for a Concentrated Solar Power Scale-up Program in the Middle East and North

Africa Region‖ that you can find in here: http://go.worldbank.org/363MIR3DO0

http://go.worldbank.org/363MIR3DO0


80

Annex 5 – Outline of Investment Plan to submit to CTF Trust

Fund Committee (12-15 pages excluding Annexes)

Section 1 Global and Regional Context (2-3 pages)

- Solar potential in the region

- Brief summary of the national existing development plans or programs that include

low carbon objectives

- Description of the fuel mix for power generation in each country and of trends in

GHG emissions from the power sector. Drivers for GHG emissions

- Role given to CSP in low carbon path in the countries of the region

- EU new legislation for renewable and resulting opportunities for MENA to export

green electricity to EU

- Regional energy market integration status and trends (among MENA countries, but

also with EU)

Figure 1 Global Direct Normal Solar Radiation (kWh/m2/day)

Source: Ummel, Kevin and Wheeler, David, Desert Power: The Economics of Solar Thermal Electricity for

Europe, North Africa and the Middle East, Center for Global Development, 2008.

Section 2 Technology and Market Status (2 pages)

- Experience with CSP plants around the world

- Cost data, and scope for cost decline

- Players

- Barriers to CSP development (technical, infrastructure, economic, institutional) -

with and without regional integration


81

Section 3 Rationale for CTF co-financing (4 pages)

- Transformation potential: potential market size for different scenarios of exports and

local demand for green electricity

- Potential for GHG emissions savings

- Cost Effectiveness: at current cost levels and with cost reduction resulting from

improved efficiencies, learning effects due to volume production, and economies of

scale due to larger units

- Replicability: contribution of proposed IP to worldwide cost reduction, the role of

MENA as a CSP technology leader

- Development Impact : economic implications, opportunities for local manufacturing,

job creation, contribution to regional integration, etc..

Section 4 Enabling Policy and Regulatory Environment (2-3 pages)

- Existing policy frameworks to promote renewable in each country and expected

developments (summary table with details in Annexes)

- Existing pricing schemes for conventional energies, and expected changes

- Need for some harmonization in the region and with the EU, to support intra-regional

trade and with EU

Section 5 Implementation Potential (2-3 pages)

- Environmental impact assessment

- Social impact

- Infrastructure bottlenecks

- Institutional capacity

- Regional integration as an enabler for implementation

- Assessment of overall implementation potential taking into account technology

barriers, enabling framework and institutional environment—with and without

regional integration

- Risk assessment

Section 6 Financing Plan and Instruments (1 page)

- CTF financing

- Potential sources of public and private financing (including carbon finance, bilateral

development banks and agencies, as well as non-traditional financiers)

Annexes

- Annex by country with policy/regulatory background, and details on power sector

- Annex on status and plans for regional integration ( Maghreb, Mashreq)

- Annex by project:

1. Description (1-2 paragraphs)

2. Implementation Readiness (1-2 paragraphs)

3. Rationale for CTF Financing (1-2 paragraphs)

4. Financing Plan

5. Project Preparation Timetable


82

Annex 6 – Workshop Pictures

Ms. Françoise Clottes, World Bank, Country Manager Ms. Hela Cheikhrouhou, AfDB, Division Manager

Mr. Chandrasekar Govindarajalu, World Bank Ms. Silvia Pariente-David, World Bank

Mr. Jonathan d’Entremont Coony, ESMAP/World Bank Tour Hassan, Rabat, Morocco

mena regional concentrated solar power scale-up … · rabat workshop june 11-12, 2009 - mena...

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