menopause and hrt counselling
TRANSCRIPT
8/3/2019 Menopause and Hrt Counselling
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EXPLANATION ± MENOPAUSE HX + HRT COUNSELLING
Menopause Hx1) Name, Age (if < 45 = pr ematur e ovarian f ailur e)
2) PC: Amenorrhoea + Dur ation
3) Menstr ual Hx:
y LMP ± ascer tain stage of menopause (pr e-, peri- or postmenopausal) > 6 months = menopause
< 6 months = climacteric
y Age of menar che
y Bleeding patter n
y ?Early menopause 4) Elicit menopausal sym ptoms:
Physical Psychological (de pr essive sym ptoms)
y Hot flushes y Irritability/anxiety/mood swings
y Night sweats y Insomnia
y Vaginal dryness y Shor t-ter m memory im pair ment
y Dys par eunia y Lack of concentr ation y Loss of li bido y Loss of self -confidence
y Urinary fr equency y De pr ession
y Tir edness
5) Eff ects of sym ptoms on: per sonal & domestic lif e and occu pation
6) PMH:
y Hor mone-de pendent cancer ± br east/endometrial cancer
y VTE
y CVS ± hear t/stroke
y Undiagnosed vaginal bleeding
y Any risk f actor s for CVS? Hyper tension/smok ing/diabetes/o besityy Any risk f actor s for osteoporosis? Endocrine pro blems/Steroid-use
7) FH:
y Br east/endometrial/ bowel cancer ± linked BR CA1 and 2 genes
y VTE
y CVS ±hear t/stroke
y Osteoporosis
y Alzheimer¶s ( risk with menopause)
8) Elicit other risk f actor s for CVS:
y Smok ing
y Hyper tension
y Sedentary lif estyle
y Diabetes
y O besity
9) Gynae Hx:
y Surgical menopause ± hyster ectomy?
y Fi broids/endometriosis? ± hor mone-de pendent 10) Contr ace ption Hx:
y Ask if on Progesterone-only pill, IUS/IUD, im planon ± hor mone-based
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HRT Counselling:
1) Check under standing of patient and how much they alr eady know about menopause and HR T
2) Corr ect any misunder standing
3) Explain what is menopause? ± nor mal event that occur s in every women ± aver age
age in UK = 51 year s. This is aver age, some ar e early/late however . < 45 year s = pr ematur e menopause
4) Explain what is HR T? ± combination of hor mones(oestrogen + progesterone)
nor mally pr esent in the body taken u pon menopause to mimic the nor mal patter n of
r elease in body to avoid adver se eff ects of menopause. Oestrogen taken alone will
risk of endometrial cancer .
5) Discuss types of HR T available:
y Oral oestrogen ± 12-days of progesterone
Daily use pill
Can be taken any time of day
Chea p
Well-toler ated
E2:oestrone 1:2 (r ever se of physiological r atio in body)
S/E:
induce liver enzymes ± r eview dose - thyroxine ther a py
risk of VTE 3.5/10000 a year
y T ransdermal oestrogen ± 12-days of progesterone
Lipid soluble ± avoid 1st
pass metabolism in liver
E2:oestrone 2:1 (nor mal physiological r atio)
R each ther a peutics plasma level in 4 hour s
y S/C implantation
Im planted in lower abdo
Only for patients post-hyster ectomy oophor ectomy in UK
Tr eats menopausal sym ptoms & bone loss
y T ibilone
Synthetic steroids Oestrogenic, progestogenic and androgenic proper ties
s/e: androgenic eff ect (hir sutism) + li bido
y Local oestrogen vaginal cream / pessary
For women with genito-urinary sym ptoms or systemic delivery of
oestrogen is hazar dous ( br east cancer)
6) Benefits of HR T
y Shor t-ter m:
Sym ptomatic r elief ± stops hot flushes and night sweats within weeks Psychological sym ptom r elief
y Long-ter m: Protects against bone loss ± osteoporosis and pathological fr actur es
risk of CVS disease
pro blems with urogenital atrophy
risk of bowel cancer
7) Side-eff ects: (fir st f ew weeks of tak ing HR T)
y Weight gain + Mastalgia (progesterone eff ect)
y R etur n of bleed (can be distr essing to some women)
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y Nausea/Headaches
8) R isks of HR T (long-ter m)
y VTE ± risk from 1.5 to 3.5 per 10 000/year (ten teacher s)
- risk from 3 per 1000 to 7 per 1000 women over a 5 year period
(patient.co.uk )
y Br east cancer
- 19 extr a cases of br east cancer in women tak ing combined oestrogen/progesterone HR T for 10 year s com par ed to women not tak ing
HR T
- 5 extr a cases of br east cancer in women tak ing oestrogen-only HR T for 10
year s com par ed to women not tak ing HR T - R isk f alls back to nor mal a f ew year s within stopping HR T
y Endometrial and ovarian cancer ± if tak ing oestrogen-only HR T
HISTORY ± MENORRHAGIA
DDx: (to kee p in mind while tak ing history)
y Local anatomical ± R egular bleeding: fi broids, endometrial/cervical polyp,
adenomyosis, endometriosis
Irr egular bleeding: endometrial/cervical car cinoma, ovarian
tumour , chronic PID
y Systemic ± thyroid, haematological disor der e.g. von Willebr and¶s, warf arin
ther a py
y Unexplained - dysf unctional uterine bleeding (DUB)
«««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««
1) Name, Age (>40 risk of fi broids), Ethnicity (Afro-Cari bbean risk of fi broids)
2) PC + Dur ation of pro blem 3) Menstr ual Hx:
y Age of menar che
y Dur ation of cycle + Bleeding days
y R egular/Irr egular cycle
y No. of sanitary towels/tam pons used per day + Double padding?
y Passing any clots or flooding?
y 1st day of LMP
y Post-coital bleeding (PCB)? Inter menstr ual bleeding (IMB)?
y Post-menopausal bleeding (PMB) ± if r elevant to age
4) Associated sym ptoms:
y Pain during periods (dysmenorrhoea)
y Feeling tir ed/f atigued (anaemia due to losing blood)
y Urinary sym ptoms ± dysuria (large fi broid ± pr essur e eff ect)
y Bowel sym ptoms ± constipation (large fi broid ± pr essur e eff ect)
5) Gynae Hx:
y Last smear ± date, r esults, any pr evious abnor malities?
y Vaginal discharge
6) Sexual & Contr ace ption Hx:
y Dys par eunia
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y Type of contr ace ption ± IUD s pecifically
7) O bs Hx: (perha ps can wait till later because not r eally r elated to menorrhagia?)
y Been pr egnant?
y No. of pr egnancies?
y Any com plications?
y TOP/Miscarriage
8) PMH:
y Bleeding diathesis?
y Thyroid pro blems?
y Cancer ? ± cervical, endometrial
9) FH:
y Fi broids?
y Bleeding diatheses?
y Thyroid pro blems?
y Cancer ? ± cervical, endometrial
10) DH:y Warf arin/He parin?
y R ecent anti biotics ± can inter act with OCP leading to onset of nor mal err atic
menstr uation
11) SH:
y Smok ing
y Alcohol