MENTAL HEALTH- INTRODUCTIONPrepared by: Gina M. Jumawan, RN, MBA

PSYCHIATRIC NURSING

is a specialized area of nursing utilizing theories & concepts as in science, arts in dealing with clients.

An interpersonal process that promotes and maintains behavior that contributes to integrated functioning.

PSYCHIATRIC MENTAL HEALTH NURSING8 HUMAN RESPONSES THAT ORGANIZE

PSYCHIATRIC MENTAL HEALTH NURSING Activity Cognition Ecological Emotional Interpersonal Perception Physiologic Valuation

KEY FIGURES IN THE HISTORY OF PSYCHIATRIC NURSING Florence Nightingale (1859) was the founder

of modern nursing and author of the first nursing text, Notes on Nursing.

Harriet Bailey (1920) wrote the first psychiatric nursing textbook, Nursing in Mental diseases.

Hildegarde Peplau (1952) wrote Interpersonal Relations in Nursing, a landmark book that described a framework for psychiatric nursing practice. Her emphasis on nurse-patient relationships and theoretical constructs to explain patient problems provided the foundation for psychiatric nursing practice.

KEY FIGURES IN THE HISTORY OF PSYCHIATRIC NURSING June Mellow(1967) and Gwen

Tudor(1952) published the clinical studies of nursing and interpersonal relationships

Ida Orlando- stressed the importance of interpersonal or therapeutic relationship

Theresa Muller focused on the significance of coping with everyday stresses

KEY FIGURES IN THE HISTORY OF PSYCHIATRIC NURSING Madeline Leininger (1969) stressed

the importance of community based care within various cultures and societies

Aguilera & Messick (1970) integrated Caplan’s crisis intervention concepts into nursing practice

CRITERIA FOR POSITIVE MENTAL HEALTH1. Attitude towards the individual self/self

acceptance Involves aspects related to self awareness,

acceptance, confidence, level of self-esteem; sense of personal identification in relation to role, groups, weaknesses, strengths, sex, vocation, other individuals, and so on

SELF CONCEPT- term given to the part of the self that lies within conscious awareness

Represents a collection of attitudes and ideas about self A product of life experience Encompasses all that a person perceives, knows and

holds to be true about his/her identity

4 ASPECTS OF SELF CONCEPT

A. Body image- physical dimension of self concept

It is the entire gamut of human expression, through the 5 senses as well as physical representations of movement expressed through dancing and gestures.

How to present ourselves to others physically affects how others perceive us socially and emotionally as well as intellectually.

4 ASPECTS OF SELF CONCEPTB. Personal identity- refers to the

psychological aspect of self concept. It refers to unconscious stratum, mental

data by which the individual is unaware. It refers to the perception of

internal/external reality. It is the inner world of the client encased

by feelings, thoughts and previous learning

4 ASPECTS OF SELF CONCEPT3. Self-esteem- this is the emotional

component of self-concept, described as the degree of value or worth ascribed to the self.

It is based on the abilities, attributes in interpersonal relationships.

It represents an individual’s perception of the worth attributed to him by significant others on the basis of his own presentation to the world.

When individuals do not feel as though there is much value to who they are as human beings or what they are able to contribute to others, they are said to be of low self-esteem. (suicidal patients)

4 ASPECTS OF SELF CONCEPT4. Role performance- refers to the expression of

self-concept, the totality of how one is known to others, one’s representation and public roles.

Self representation to the outside world expressed though professional and social roles assumed in the different situations such as family, the school and workplace. Self acceptance- a regard for one self with a realistic concept

of strengths and weaknesses. Self acceptance depends on self-concept. People tend to behave in ways which reinforce self-concept.

Self- awareness- involves noticing how the self feels, thinks, behaves and senses at any given time. Differs from INTROSPECTION- which involves evaluation or determining why the self reacts as it does. This is the first step in dealing with stress.

CRITERIA FOR POSITIVE MENTAL HEALTH2. Growth and development, and self

actualization This refers to what a person does with his abilities

and potentialities that are important. A person’s involvement in outside interests and

relationships, concerns with an occupation, ideas, and his goals are considered.

3. Integrative capacity This refers to the balance of psychic forces- the ID,

EGO, SUPEREGO The ability to tolerate anxiety in stressful

situations. The core of this concept is the utilization of all

processes and attributes a person for unification of personal functioning.

CRITERIA FOR POSITIVE MENTAL HEALTH4. Autonomous behavior

Refers to the ability to make one’s own decisions and react according to his own convictions regardless of outside environmental (physical and social) pressures and accept responsibilities for his actions

Another aspect is the ability to refuse to conform when to do so is a social expectation that conflicts with one’s value system

5. Perception of reality/balance of id and ego Deals with how the person perceives his

environment and other people as well as his reactions toward them.

CRITERIA FOR POSITIVE MENTAL HEALTH

6. Mastery of one’s own environment/ tries to solve own problems It is the ability to adapt, adjust, and

behave appropriately in situations according to approved standards so that satisfactions are achieved.

It refers to the problem solving ability of a person with expressions of appropriate feeling tones. The use of appropriate defense mechanisms.

JOHARI’S WINDOW

Quadrant 1- OPEN Qualities one knows

about oneself and others also know

Quadrant 2- BLIND Qualities known only to

others Quadrant 3- HIDDEN

Qualities known only to oneself

Quadrant 4- UNKNOWN An empty quadrant to

symbolize qualities as yet undiscovered by oneself or others

Open (known to

others/ self)

Hidden,Self isblind

Private (unknown to others)

closed

INSTRUCTIONS

1. Appraise your own qualities by creating a list of them: values, attitudes, feelings, strengths, behaviors, accomplishments, needs, desires and thoughts.

2. Find out the perception of others by interviewing/asking them to identify qualities, both positive and negative they see in you. BE HONEST.

3. Compare lists and assign to appropriate quadrants

INTERPRETATION

If quadrant 1 is the longest list, this indicates that you are open to others; a smaller quadrant 1 means you share a little about yourself to others.

If quadrants 1 & 3 are both small, the person demonstrates little insight.

Any change in one quadrant is reflected by changes in other quadrants.

The goal is to work toward moving qualities from quadrants 2,3,4 into quadrant 1. Doing so indicates that you are gaining self-knowledge and awareness.

ASSIGNMENT

Write your output in a piece of paper, cartolina, etc.

Write your reflections about your Johari’s window

CHARACTERISTICS OF OPTIMUM WELLNESS

Self esteem and self knowledge Satisfying interpersonal relationships Environmental mastery Stress management

MENTAL ILLNESS  Is a mental disorder or condition

manifested by disorganization and impairment of function that arises from various causes such as psychological, neurobiological and genetic factors. The following are other definitions or descriptions of mental illness:

Is a loss of ability to respond to the environment in ways that are in accord with one self or the expectations of the society;

MENTAL ILLNESS

Is characterized by thought or behavior patterns that impair functioning and cause the individual distress;

Is a matter of judgment not a matter of fact; Not exclusively determined by intrinsic

factors or features that characterize a certain personality nor established purely by certain acts and;

Influenced by individual’s view of acts, reaction of others and overall cultural content in which the acts occur.

CRITERIA FOR MENTAL ILLNESS/

1. Dissatisfaction with one’s characteristics, abilities and accomplishments

2. Ineffective or unsatisfying interpersonal relationships

3. Dissatisfaction with one’s place in the world

4. Ineffective coping or adaptation to the events in one’s life as well as lack of personal growth

PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS

1. Person is unaccepting of self and dislikes self

2. Person has an unrealistic perception of strengths and weaknesses

3. Thoughts and perception may not be reality based

4. Unable to find meaning and purpose in life5. Lacks direction and productivity in life6. Has difficulty in meeting own needs7. Depend on others for thoughts and actions