pp vs jumawan ruling and decision

7/25/2019 PP vs Jumawan Ruling and Decision

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Republic of the PhilippinesSUPREME COURT

Baguio City

FIRST DIVISION

G.R. No. 187495 April 21, 2014

PEOPLE OF THE PHLPPNES,Plaintiff-Appellee!s"E!GAR "UMA#AN,Accuse#-Appellant"

D $ C I S I O N

%A&ong the #uties assu&e# by the husban# a'e his #uties to lo!e che'ish an# p'otect his (ife togi!e he' a ho&e to p'o!i#e he' (ith the co&fo'ts an# the necessities of life (ithin his &eans to t'eathe' )in#ly an# not c'uelly o' inhu&anely" *e is boun# to hono' he' + + +, it is his #uty not only to

&aintain an# suppo't he' but also to p'otect he' f'o& opp'ession an# ('ong"%

RE$ES, J.:

*usban#s #o not ha!e p'ope'ty 'ights o!e' thei' (i!es. bo#ies" Se+ual inte'cou'se albeit (ithin the'eal& of &a''iage if not consensual is 'ape" This is the clea' State policy e+p'essly legislate# inSection /00-A of the Re!ise# Penal Co#e 1RPC2 as a&en#e# by Republic Act 1R"A"2 No" 3454 o'the Anti-Rape 6a( of 778"

The Case

This is an auto&atic 'e!ie(/of the Decision4#ate# 9uly 7 /::3 of the Cou't of Appeals 1CA2 in CA-

;"R" CR-*C No" ::454 (hich affi'&e# the 9u#g&ent
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That on o' about :>4: in the e!ening &o'e o' less of Octobe' 7 773 at ;usa Cagayan #e O'oCity Philippines an# (ithin the ?u'is#iction of this *ono'able Cou't the abo!e-na&e# accuse# by&eans of fo'ce upon pe'son #i# then an# the'e (ilfully unla(fully an# feloniously ha!e ca'nal)no(le#ge (ith the p'i!ate co&plainant he' @sic (ife against the latte'@.s (ill"

Cont'a'y to an# in Violation of R"A" 3454 the Anti-Rape 6a( of 778"

ean(hile the Info'&ation in C'i&inal Case No" 77-007 'ea#s>

That on o' about :>4: in the e!ening &o'e o' less of Octobe' : 773 at ;usa Cagayan #e O'oCity Philippines an# (ithin the ?u'is#iction of this *ono'able Cou't the abo!e-na&e# accuse# by&eans of fo'ce upon pe'son #i# then an# the'e (ilfully unla(fully an# feloniously ha!e ca'nal)no(le#ge (ith the p'i!ate co&plainant he' @sic (ife against the latte'.s (ill"

Cont'a'y to an# in Violation of R"A" 3454 the Anti-Rape 6a( of 778"

The accuse#-appellant (as a''este# upon a (a''ant issue# on 9uly / 777" On August 3 777the accuse#-appellant file# a otion fo' Rein!estigation /(hich (as #enie# by the t'ial cou't in an

O'#e'4#ate# August 7 777" On e!en #ate the accuse#-appellant (as a''aigne# an# he ente'e#a plea of not guilty to both cha'ges"

That on o' about Octobe' 0 773 at ;usa Cagayan #e O'o City Philippines an# (ithin the?u'is#iction of this *ono'able Cou't the abo!e-na&e# accuse# by &eans of fo'ce upon pe'son #i#then an# the'e (ilfully unla(fully an# feloniously ha!e ca'nal )no(le#ge (ith the p'i!ateco&plainant his (ife @=== against the latte'.s (ill"

Cont'a'y to an# in !iolation of R"A" 3454 the Anti-Rape 6a( of 778"3

C'i&inal Case No" 77-007>

That on o' about Octobe' 8 773 at ;usa Cagayan #e O'o City Philippines an# (ithin the?u'is#iction of this *ono'able Cou't the abo!e-na&e# accuse# by &eans of fo'ce upon pe'son #i#then an# the'e (ilfully unla(fully an# feloniously ha!e ca'nal )no(le#ge (ith the p'i!ate

co&plainant his (ife @=== against the latte'.s (ill"

Cont'a'y to an# in !iolation of R"A" 3454 the Anti-Rape 6a( of 778"7

The accuse#-appellant (as the'eafte' 'e-a''aigne#" *e &aintaine# his not guilty plea to bothin#ict&ents an# a ?oint t'ial of the t(o cases fo'th(ith ensue#"


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%&r'io( o) *+& pro'&-*io(

The p'osecution.s theo'y (as ancho'e# on the testi&onies of === an# he' #aughte's an#::: (hich togethe' (ith pe'tinent physical e!i#ence #epicte# the follo(ing e!ents>

=== &et the accuse#-appellant at the fa'& of he' pa'ents (he'e his fathe' (as one of the labo'e's"

They got &a''ie# afte' a yea' of cou'tship" /:hen thei' fi'st chil# (as bo'n === an# theaccuse#-appellant put up a sa'i-sa'i sto'e" /6ate' on they engage# in se!e'al othe' businesses-t'uc)ing 'ice &ill an# ha'#(a'e" === &anage# the businesses e+cept fo' the 'ice &ill (hichi#eally (as un#e' the accuse#-appellant.s supe'!ision (ith the help of a t'uste# e&ployee" In 'ealityho(e!e' he &e'ely assiste# in the 'ice &ill business by occasionally #'i!ing one of the t'uc)s to haulgoo#s"//

Accuse#-appellant.s )eenness to &a)e the businesses flou'ish (as not as fe'!ent as ===.s#e#ication" $!en the #aughte's obse'!e# the #isp'opo'tionate labo's of thei' pa'ents" /4*e (oul##'i!e the t'uc)s so&eti&es but === (as the one (ho acti!ely &anage# the businesses" / %So be it"% Afte' that he left the 'oo&"55

*e 'etu'ne# 5 &inutes late'50an# (hen === still 'efuse# to go (ith hi& he beca&e infu'iate#" *elifte# he' f'o& the be# an# atte&pte# to ca''y he' out of the 'oo& as he e+clai&e#> %hy (ill yousleep he'e@G 6ets go to ou' be#'oo&"% hen she #efie# hi& he g'abbe# he' sho't pants causingthe& to tea' apa't"58At this point inte'fe'e# %Pa #on.t #o that to a&a because (e a'e inf'ont of you"%53

The p'esence of his chil#'en appa'ently #i# not pacify the accuse#-appellant (ho yelle# %@$!en inf'ont of you I can ha!e se+ of you' &othe' @sic 9 because I.& the hea# of the fa&ily"% *e then

o'#e'e# his #aughte's to lea!e the 'oo&" F'ightene# the gi'ls oblige# an# (ent to the stai'case(he'e they subseuently hea'# the pleas of thei' helpless &othe' 'esonate (ith the c'ea)ing be#"57

The episo#es in the be#'oo& (e'e no less #istu'bing" The accuse#-appellant fo'cibly pulle# ===.ssho't pants an# panties" *e pai# no hee# as she begge# %@Don .t #o that to &e &y bo#y is stillaching an# also &y ab#o&en an# I cannot #o (hat you (ante# &e to #o @sic" I cannot (ithstan#se+"%0:

Afte' 'e&o!ing his o(n sho't pants an# b'iefs he fle+e# he' legs hel# he' han#s &ounte# he' an#fo'ce# hi&self insi#e he'" Once g'atifie# the accuse#-appellant put on his sho't pants an# b'iefsstoo# up an# (ent out of the 'oo& laughing as he conceite#ly utte'e#> %@It s nice that is (hat you#ese'!e because you a'e @a fli't o' fon# of se+"% *e then 'et'eate# to the &aste's. be#'oo&" 0

Sensing that the co&&otion in thei' be#'oo& has cease# an# OOO scu''ie# upstai's butfoun# the #oo' loc)e#" pulle# out a ?alousie (in#o( inse'te# he' a'& 'eache# fo' the#oo')nob insi#e an# #isengage# its loc)" pon ente'ing the 'oo& an# OOO foun# thei'&othe' c'ouche# on the be# (ith he' hai' #ishe!ele#" The gi'ls as)e#> %a (hat happene# to you(hy a'e you c'yingG% === 'eplie#> %@HKou' fathe' is a beast an# ani&al he again fo'ce# &e to ha!ese+ (ith hi& e!en if I #on.t feel (ell" %0/
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%&r'io( o) *+& &)&('&

The #efense spun a #iffe'ent tale" The accuse#-appellant.s fathe' o(ne# a lan# a#?acent to that of===.s fathe'" *e ca&e to )no( === because she b'ought foo# fo' he' fathe'.s labo'e's" hen theygot &a''ie# on Octobe' 3 785 he (as a high school g'a#uate (hile she (as an ele&enta'yg'a#uate"

Thei' hu&ble e#ucational bac)g'oun# #i# not #ete' the& f'o& pu'suing a co&fo'table life" Th'oughthei' ?oint ha'# (o') an# effo'ts the couple g'a#ually acui'e# pe'sonal p'ope'ties an# establishe#thei' o(n businesses that inclu#e# a 'ice &ill &anage# by the accuse#-appellant" *e also #'o!ethei' t'uc)s that haule# coffee cop'a o' co&"04

The accuse#-appellant #enie# 'aping his (ife on Octobe' 0 an# 8 773" *e clai&e# that on those#ates he (as in Dangcagan Bu)i#non peeling co&" On Octobe' 8 his t'uc) &et an acci#entso&e(he'e in Angeles Ranch alu)o anolo Fo'tich Bu)i#non" *e left the t'uc) by the 'oa#si#ebecause he ha# to atten# .s g'a#uation in Cebu on Octobe' / (ith ===" hen they 'etu'ne#to Bu)i#non on Octobe'


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Bebs07===.s cousin an# a cashie' in thei' Bu)i#non sto'e ga!e the accuse#-appellant se!e'al lo!elette's pu'po'te#ly a##'esse# to Bebs but (e'e actually inten#e# fo' ==="8:

=== ha# &o'e than ten pa'a&ou's so&e of (ho& the accuse#-appellant ca&e to )no( as> A'senio9ong-9ong 9oy o' 9oey so&ebo#y f'o& the &ilita'y o' the Philippine National Police anothe' one isa go!e'n&ent e&ployee a ce'tain Fe'nan#eE an# th'ee othe' p'iests" 8Se!e'al pe'sons tol# hi&

about the pa'a&ou's of his (ife but he ne!e' conf'onte# he' o' the& about it because he t'uste#he'"8/

hat fu'the' confi'&e# his suspicions (as the state&ent &a#e by OOO on No!e&be' / 773" Atthat ti&e OOO (as listening lou#ly to a cassette playe'" Since he (ante# to (atch a tele!isionp'og'a& he as)e# OOO to tu& #o(n the !olu&e of the cassette playe'" She got annoye#unplugge# the playe' spinne# a'oun# an# hit the accuse#-appellant.s hea# (ith the soc)et" *ishea# ble#" An alte'cation bet(een the accuse#-appellant an# === the'eafte' follo(e# because thelatte' too) OOO.s si#e" Du'ing the a'gu&ent OOO blu'te# out that === (as bette' off (ithout theaccuse#-appellant because she ha# so&ebo#y young han#so&e an# a business&an unli)e theaccuse#-appellant (ho s&elle# ba# an# (as ol# an# ugly"84

=== also (ante# thei' p'ope'ty #i!i#e# bet(een the& (ith th'ee-fou'ths the'eof going to he' an#one-fou'th to the accuse#-appellant" *o(e!e' the sepa'ation #i# not push th'ough because theaccuse#-appellant.s pa'ents inte'!ene#"8


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R-li(/ o) *+& RTC

In its 9u#g&ent80#ate# Ap'il /::/ the RTC sustaine# the !e'sion p'offe'e# by the p'osecution bygi!ing g'eate' (eight an# c'e#ence to the spontaneous an# st'aightfo'(a'# testi&onies of thep'osecution.s (itnesses" The t'ial cou't also uphel# as since'e an# genuine the t(o #aughte's.testi&onies as it is not natu'al in ou' cultu'e fo' #aughte's to testify against thei' o(n fathe' fo' a

c'i&e such as 'ape if the sa&e (as not t'uly co&&itte#"

The t'ial cou't 'e?ecte# the !e'sion of the #efense an# foun# unbelie!able the accuse#-appellant.saccusations of e+t'a-&a'ital affai's an# &oney suan#e'ing against ===" The t'ial cou't shel!e# theaccuse#-appellant.s alibi fo' being p'e&ise# on inconsistent testi&onies an# the cont'a#icting#ecla'ations of the othe' #efense (itness $uia as to the accuse#-appellant.s actual (he'eaboutson Octobe' 0 773" Acco'#ingly the RTC 'uling #ispose# as follo(s>

*$R$FOR$ the Cou't he'eby fin#s accuse# $#ga' 9u&a(an %;I6TH% beyon# 'easonable #oubtof the t(o 1/2 sepa'ate cha'ges of 'ape an# he'eby sentences hi& to suffe' the penalty of 'eclusionpe'petua fo' each to pay co&plainant @P5::::":: in each case as &o'al #a&ages in#e&nifyco&plainant the su& of 1P85:::":: in each case @P5::::":: as e+e&pla'y #a&ages an# to pay

the costs"

SO ORD$R$D"88

R-li(/ o) *+& CA

In its Decision83#ate# 9uly 7 /::3 the CA affi'&e# in toto the RTC 'uling" The CA hel# that Section


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Finally the CA #is&isse# the accuse#-appellant.s alibi fo' lac) of con!incing e!i#ence that it (asphysically i&possible fo' hi& to be at his 'esi#ence in Cagayan #e O'o City at the ti&e of theco&&ission of the c'i&es consi#e'ing that Dangcagan Bu)i#non the place (he'e he allege#ly(as is only about fou' o' fi!e hou's a(ay" Acco'#ingly the #ec'etal po'tion of the #ecision 'ea#>

*$R$FOR$ in the light of the fo'egoing the appeale# 9u#g&ent is he'eby AFFIR$D"

SO ORD$R$D"87

*ence the p'esent 'e!ie(" In the Cou't Resolution3:#ate# 9uly 0 /::7 the Cou't notifie# the pa'tiesthat if they so #esi'e they &ay file thei' 'especti!e supple&ental b'iefs" In a anifestation an#otion3#ate# Septe&be'


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O-r R-li(/

. Rp& ( rri/& *+& +i'*oril o((&*io(

The e!olution of 'ape la(s is actually t'ace# to t(o ancient $nglish p'actices of .b'i#e captu'e.(he'eby a &an conue'e# a (o&an th'ough 'ape an# .stealing an hei'ess. (he'eby a &an

ab#ucte# a (o&an an# &a''ie# he'"34

The 'ape la(s then (e'e inten#e# not to 'e#'ess the !iolation of the (o&an.s chastity but 'athe' topunish the act of obtaining the hei'ess. p'ope'ty by fo'cible &a''iage 3

@The husban# cannot be guilty of a 'ape co&&itte# by hi&self upon his la(ful (ife fo' by thei'&utual &at'i&onial consent an# cont'act the (ife hath gi!en up he'self in this )in# unto he'husban# (hich she cannot 'et'act"7/

The 'ule (as obse'!e# in co&&on la( count'ies such as the nite# States of A&e'ica 1SA2 an#$nglan#" It gi!es legal i&&unity to a &an (ho fo'cibly se+ually assaults his (ife an act (hich (oul#be 'ape if co&&itte# against a (o&an not his (ife" 74 In those ?u'is#ictions 'ape is t'a#itionally#efine# as %the fo'cible penet'ation of the bo#y of a (o&an (ho is not the (ife of the pe'pet'ato'"%7

e fin# that the'e is no 'ational basis fo' #istinguishing bet(een &a'ital 'ape an# non&a'ital 'ape"The !a'ious 'ationales (hich ha!e been asse'te# in #efense of the e+e&ption a'e eithe' base# upona'chaic notions about the consent an# p'ope'ty 'ights inci#ent to &a''iage o' a'e si&ply unable to(ithstan# e!en the slightest sc'utiny" e the'efo'e #ecla'e the &a'ital e+e&ption fo' 'ape in the Ne(Ho') statute to be unconstitutional"

6o'# *ale.s notion of an i''e!ocable i&plie# consent by a &a''ie# (o&an to se+ual inte'cou'se hasbeen cite# &ost f'euently in suppo't of the &a'ital e+e&ption" + + + Any a'gu&ent base# on asuppose# consent ho(e!e' is untenable" Rape is not si&ply a se+ual act to (hich one pa'ty #oes

not consent" Rathe' it is a #eg'a#ing !iolent act (hich !iolates the bo#ily integ'ity of the !icti& an#f'euently causes se!e'e long-lasting physical an# psychic ha'& + + +" To e!e' i&ply consent tosuch an act is i''ational an# absu'#" Othe' than in the conte+t of 'ape statutes &a''iage has ne!e'been !ie(e# as gi!ing a husban# the 'ight to coe'ce# inte'cou'se on #e&an# + + +" Ce'tainly then a&a''iage license shoul# not be !ie(e# as a license fo' a husban# to fo'cibly 'ape his (ife (ithi&punity" A &a''ie# (o&an has the sa&e 'ight to cont'ol he' o(n bo#y as #oes an un&a''ie#(o&an + + +" If a husban# feels %agg'ie!e#% by his (ife.s 'efusal to engage in se+ual inte'cou'se heshoul# see) 'elief in the cou'ts go!e'ning #o&estic 'elations not in %!iolent o' fo'ceful self-help + ++"%

The othe' t'a#itional ?ustifications fo' the &a'ital e+e&ption (e'e the co&&on-la( #oct'ines that a(o&an (as the p'ope'ty of he' husban# an# that the legal e+istence of the (o&an (as%inco'po'ate# an# consoli#ate# into that of the husban# + + +"% Both these #oct'ines of cou'se ha!e

long been 'e?ecte# in this State" In#ee# %@no(he'e in the co&&on-la( (o'l# - @o' in any &o#e&society - is a (o&an 'ega'#e# as chattel o' #e&eane# by #enial of a sepa'ate legal i#entity an# the#ignity associate# (ith 'ecognition as a (hole hu&an being + + +"% :/1Citations o&itte#2

By 774 &a'ital 'ape (as a c'i&e in all 5: states (ith 8 of the& as (ell as the Dist'ict ofColu&bia outla(ing the act (ithout e+e&ptions" ean(hile the 44 othe' states g'ante# so&ee+e&ptions to a husban# f'o& p'osecution such as (hen the (ife is &entally o' physically i&pai'e#unconscious asleep o' legally unable to consent":4
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. Mri*l Rp& i( *+& P+ilippi(&'

Inte'estingly no #ocu&ente# case on &a'ital 'ape has e!e' 'eache# this Cou't until no(" It appea'sho(e!e' that the ol# p'o!isions of 'ape un#e' A'ticle 445 of the RPC a#he'e# to *ale.s i''e!ocablei&plie# consent theo'y albeit in a li&ite# fo'&" Acco'#ing to Chief 9ustice Ra&on C" Auino :

Sec" " The State !alues the #ignity of e!e'y hu&an pe'son an# gua'antees full 'espect fo' hu&an'ights"

+ + + +

Sec"


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The 6egislatu'e then pu'sue# the enact&ent of la(s to p'opagate gen#e' euality" In 778 R"A" No"3454 e'a#icate# the ste'eotype concept of 'ape in A'ticle 445 of the RPC" :7The la( 'eclassifie# 'apeas a c'i&e against pe'son an# 'e&o!e# it f'o& the a&bit of c'i&es against chastity" o'e pa'ticula'to the p'esent case an# pe'haps the la(.s &ost p'og'essi!e p'o!iso is the /n# pa'ag'aph of Section/ the'eof 'ecogniEing the 'eality of &a'ital 'ape an# c'i&inaliEing its pe'pet'ation !iE>

A'ticle /00-C" $ffect of Pa'#on" - The subseuent !ali# &a''iage bet(een the offen#e# pa'ty shalle+tinguish the c'i&inal action o' the penalty i&pose#"

In case it is the legal husban# (ho is the offen#e' the subseuent fo'gi!eness by the (ife as theoffen#e# pa'ty shall e+tinguish the c'i&inal action o' the penalty> P'o!i#e# That the c'i&e shall notbe e+tinguishe# o' the penalty shall not be abate# if the &a''iage is !oi# ab initio"

Rea# togethe' (ith Section of the la( (hich unualifie#ly uses the te'& %&an% in #efining 'ape itis un&ista)able that R"A" No" 3454 penaliEes the c'i&e (ithout 'ega'# to the 'apist.s legal'elationship (ith his !icti& thus>

A'ticle /00-A" Rape> hen An# *o( Co&&itte#" - Rape is co&&itte#>

2 By a &an (ho shall ha!e ca'nal )no(le#ge of a (o&an un#e' any of the follo(ing ci'cu&stances>

a2 Th'ough fo'ce th'eat o' inti&i#ation,

b2 hen the offen#e# pa'ty is #ep'i!e# of 'eason o' othe'(ise unconscious,

c2 By &eans of f'au#ulent &achination o' g'a!e abuse of autho'ity, an#

#2 hen the offen#e# pa'ty is un#e' t(el!e 1/2 yea's of age o' is #e&ente# e!en thoughnone of the ci'cu&stances &entione# abo!e be p'esent"

The e+plicit intent to outla( &a'ital 'ape is #e#ucible f'o& the 'eco'#s of the #elibe'ations of the :thCong'ess on the la(.s p'ogenito'.s *ouse Bill No" 0/05 an# Senate Bill No" 05:" In spite of ual&son tagging the c'i&e as .&a'ital 'ape. #ue to conse'!ati!e Filipino i&p'essions on &a''iage theconsensus of ou' la(&a)e's (as clea'ly to inclu#e an# penaliEe &a'ital 'ape un#e' the gene'al#efinition of .'ape. !iE>

R" DAASIN;> a#a& Spea)e' Hou' *ono' one &o'e point

of cla'ification in the *ouse !e'sion on Anti-Rape Bill *ouse Bill No" 0/05 (e ne!e' ag'ee# to&a'ital 'ape" But un#e' A'ticle /00-C it says he'e> %In case it is the legal husban# (ho is theoffen#e'""" % Does this p'esuppose that the'e is no( &a'ital 'apeG + + +"

R" 6ARA> + + + @In this ?u'is#iction (ell I only ha!e a li&ite# !e'y li&ite# 8 yea's of p'i!atep'actice in the legal p'ofession a#a& Spea)e' an# I belie!e that I can put at sta)e &y license asa la(ye' in this ?u'is#iction the'e is no la( that p'ohibits a husban# f'o& being sue# by the (ife fo''ape" $!en ?u'isp'u#ence (e #on.t ha!e any ?u'isp'u#ence that p'ohibits a (ife f'o& suing ahusban#" That is (hy e!en if (e #on.t p'o!i#e in this bill e+pan#ing the #efinition of c'i&e that is no(being p'esente# fo' app'o!al a#a& Spea)e' e!en if (e #on.t p'o!i#e he'e fo' &a'ital 'ape e!en if(e #on.t p'o!i#e fo' se+ual 'ape the'e is the 'ight of the (ife to go against the husban#" The (ifecan sue the husban# fo' &a'ital 'ape an# she cannot be p'e!ente# f'o& #oing so because in this

?u'is#iction the'e is no la( that p'ohibits he' f'o& #oing so" This is (hy (e ha# to put secon#
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pa'ag'aph of /00-C because it is the belief of &any of us" + + + that if it is t'ue that in this ?u'is#ictionthe'e is &a'ital 'ape e!en if (e #on.t p'o!i#e it he'e then (e &ust p'o!i#e fo' so&ething that (illunify an# )eep the cohesion of the fa&ily togethe' that is (hy (e ha!e the secon# pa'ag'aph"

R" DAASIN;> a#a& Spea)e' Hou' *ono' un#e' the *ouse !e'sion specifically *ouse Bill No"0/05 ou' p'o!ision on a husban# fo'cing the (ife is not &a'ital 'ape it is &a'ital se+ual assault"

R" 6ARA> That is co''ect a#a& Spea)e'"

R" DAASIN;> But he'e it is &a'ital 'ape because the'e is no c'i&e of se+ual assault" So Hou'*ono' #i'ect to the point un#e' A'ticle /00-C is it ou' un#e'stan#ing that in the secon# pa'ag'aphuote> %In case it is the legal husban# (ho is the offen#e' this 'efe's to &a'ital 'ape file# against thehusban#G Is that co''ectG

R" 6ARA> No a#a& Spea)e' not enti'ely no" The ans(e' is no"

R" DAASIN;> So if the husban# is guilty of se+ual assault (hat #o you call- itG

R" 6ARA> Se+ual assault a#a& Spea)e'"

R" DAASIN;> The'e is no c'i&e of se+ual assault Hou' *ono' (e ha!e al'ea#y state# that"Because un#e' an# / it is all #eno&inate# as 'ape the'e is no c'i&e of se+ual assault" That is (hyI a& so''y that ou' *ouse !e'sion (hich p'o!i#e# fo' se+ual assault (as not ca''ie# by the Senate!e'sion because all se+ual c'i&es un#e' this bica&e'al confe'ence co&&ittee 'epo't a'e all no(#eno&inate# as 'ape (hethe' the penalty is f'o& 'eclusion pe'petua to #eath o' (hethe' the penaltyis only p'ision &ayo'" So the'e is &a'ital 'ape Hou' *ono' is that co''ectG

+ + + +

R" DAASIN;> a#a& Spea)e' Hou' *ono' I a& in fa!o' of this" I a& in fa!o' of punishing the

husban# (ho fo'ces the (ife e!en to 4: yea's i&p'ison&ent" But please #o not call it &a'ital 'apecall it &a'ital se+ual assault because of the sanctity of &a''iage" + + +":1$&phasis ou's2

*ON" APOSTO6> In ou' !e'sion (e #i# not &ention &a'ital 'ape but &a'ital 'ape is not e+clu#e#"

*ON" ROCO> Heah" No" But I thin) the'e is also no specific &ention"

*ON" APOSTO6> No" No" No" Silent lang .yung &a'ital 'ape"

+ + + +

*ON" ROCO> ++ + @If (e can 'etain the effect of pa'#on then this &a'ital 'ape can be i&plicitly

containe# in the secon# pa'ag'aph" + + + So &a'ital 'ape actually (as in the *ouse !e'sion + + +"But it (as not anothe' #efinition of 'ape" Hou (ill notice it only says that because you a'e the la(fulhusban# #oes not &ean that you cannot co&&it 'ape" Theo'etically I &ean you can beat up you'(ife until she.s blue" An# if the (ife co&plains she (as 'ape# I guess that I &ean you ?ust cannot'aise the #efense + + +@> I a& the husban#" But (he'e in the &a''iage cont'act #oes it say that I canbeat you upG That.s all it &eans" That is (hy if (e stop 'efe''ing to it as &a'ital 'ape acceptance iseasy" Because pa'ang ang &a'ital 'ape &a''ie# na nga )a&i" I cannot ha!e se+" No (hat it issaying is you.'e @the husban# but you cannot beat &e up" + + +" That.s (hy to &e it.s not ala'&ing" It(as ?ust a (ay of saying you.'e @the husban# you cannot say (hen I a& cha'ge# (ith 'ape + + +"


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PR$SIDIN; OFFIC$R S*A*ANJ> All 'ight so ho( #o you p'opose it if (e put it in@G

*ON" ROCO> + + + @All (e a'e saying @is that if you a'e the la(ful husban# #oes not &ean you canha!e ca'nal )no(le#ge by fo'ce@ th'eat o' inti&i#ation o' by #ep'i!ing you' (ife 'eason a g'a!eabuse of autho'ity I #on.t )no( ho( that cannot apply" Di ba yung o' putting an inst'u&ent into theyun ang sinasabi )o lang it is not &eant to ha!e anothe' classification of 'ape" It is all the sa&e

#efinition + + +"

+ + + +

*ON"ROCO> hat is /00-FG + + +" No( if (e can 'etain /00-F + + + (e can say that this 'ule isi&plicit al'ea#y in the fi'st p'o!iso" It i&plies na the'e is an instance (hen a husban# can be cha'ge#@(ith 'ape + + +"

*ON" ROLAS> Othe'(ise silent na"

*ON" ROCO> Othe'(ise (e a'e silent na" So pa'ang i-#elete natin ito" But it is un#e'stoo# that this'ule of e!i#ence is no( t'anspo't@e# put into /00-F the effect of pa'#on"

PR$SIDIN; OFFIC$R APOSTO6> e (ill 'etain this effect of pa'#on" e (ill 'e&o!e &a'ital 'ape"

*ON" ROCO> No yun ang oo (e (ill 'e&o!e this one on page 4 but (e (ill 'etain the one on page3 the effect of pa'#on" + + + @It is infe''e# but (e lea!e it because afte' all it is ?ust a 'ule ofe!i#ence" But I thin) (e shoul# un#e'stan# that a husban# cannot beat at his (ife to ha!e se+" DihaG I thin) that shoul# be &a#e clea'" + + +"

+ + + +

*ON" ROCO> + + + @e a'e not #efining a c'i&e of &a'ital 'ape" All (e a'e saying is that if you.'e@the legal husban# 9esus Ch'ist #on.t beat up to ha!e se+" I al&ost (ant you a'e &y (ife (hy #o

you ha!e to beat &e up"

So ganoon" So if (e both ?ustify it that (ay in the Repo't as infe''e# in p'o!iso I &ean (e can faceup I hope to the (o&en an# they (oul# un#e'stan# that it is half achie!e#"

*ON" MAORA> I thin) Raul as long as (e un#e'stan# that (e a'e not #efining o' c'eating a ne(c'i&e but instea# (e a'e ?ust #efining a 'ule of e!i#ence" + + +"

*ON" ROCO> Then in (hich case (e &ay ?ust (ant to cla'ify as a 'ule of e!i#ence the fact that he ishusban# is not #oes not negate"

C*AIRAN 6ARA> + + + e all ag'ee on the substance of the point in #iscussion" The only

#isag'ee&ent no( is (he'e to place it" 6et us clea' this &atte'" The'e a'e t(o suggestions no( on&a'ital 'ape" One is that it is 'ape if it is #one (ith fo'ce o' inti&i#ation o' any of the ci'cu&stancesthat (oul# #efine 'ape + + + i&&ate'ial" The fact that the husban# an# (ife a'e sepa'ate# #oes notco&e into the pictu'e" So e!en if they a'e li!ing un#e' one 'oof + + + fo' as long as the atten#antci'cu&stances of the t'a#itional 'ape is p'esent then that is 'ape"/

PR$SIDIN; OFFIC$R AN;ARA-CASTI66O> '" Chai'&an + + + @this p'o!ision on &a'ital 'ape it#oes not actually change the &eaning of 'ape" It &e'ely e'ases the #oubt in anybo#y.s &in#(hethe' o' not 'ape can in#ee# be co&&itte# by the husban# against the (ife" So the bill 'eally
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says you ha!ing been &a''ie# to one anothe' is not a legal i&pe#i&ent" So I #on.t 'eally thin) the'eis any nee# to change the concept of 'ape as #efine# p'esently un#e' the 'e!ise# penal co#e" This#o@es not actually a## anything to the #efinition of 'ape" It &e'ely says it is &e'ely cla'ificato'y" Thatif in#ee# the (ife has e!i#ence to sho( that she (as 'eally b'o( beaten o' (hate!e' o' fo'ce# o'inti&i#ate# into ha!ing se+ual inte'cou'se against he' (ill then the c'i&e of 'ape has beenco&&itte# against he' by the husban# not(ithstan#ing the fact that they ha!e been legally &a''ie#"

It #oes not change anything at all '" Chai'&an"

PR$SIDIN; OFFIC$R APOSTO6> Hes I thin) the'e is no change on this + + +" 4

The pa'a#ig& shift on &a'ital 'ape in the Philippine ?u'is#iction is fu'the' affi'&e# by R"A" No"7/0/

A" %Physical Violence% 'efe's to acts that inclu#e bo#ily o' physical ha'&,

B" %Se+ual !iolence% 'efe's to an act (hich is se+ual in natu'e co&&itte# against a (o&ano' he' chil#" It inclu#es but is not li&ite# to>

a2 'ape se+ual ha'ass&ent acts of lasci!iousness t'eating a (o&an o' he' chil# asa se+ ob?ect &a)ing #e&eaning an# se+ually suggesti!e 'e&a')s physicallyattac)ing the se+ual pa'ts of the !icti&.s bo#y fo'cing he'hi& to (atch obscene

publications an# in#ecent sho(s o' fo'cing the (o&an o' he' chil# to #o in#ecentacts an#o' &a)e fil&s the'eof fo'cing the (ife an# &ist'esslo!e' to li!e in thecon?ugal ho&e o' sleep togethe' in the sa&e 'oo& (ith the abuse',

b2 acts causing o' atte&pting to cause the !icti& to engage in any se+ual acti!ity byfo'ce th'eat of fo'ce physical o' othe' ha'& o' th'eat of physical o' othe' ha'& o'coe'cion,

c2 P'ostituting the (o&an o' chil#"

Statistical figu'es confi'& the abo!e cha'acte'iEation" $&otional an# othe' fo'&s of non-pe'sonal!iolence a'e the &ost co&&on type of spousal !iolence accounting fo' /4 inci#ence a&ong e!e'-&a''ie# (o&en" One in se!en e!e'-&a''ie# (o&en e+pe'ience# physical !iolence by thei' husban#s(hile eight pe'cent 132 e+pe'ience# se+ual !iolence"5
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%. R&)-**io( o) *+& -'&pp&ll(*' r/-&(*'

The c'u+ of the accuse#-appellant.s plea fo' acuittal &i''o's the i''e!ocable i&plie# consent theo'y"In his appeal b'ief befo'e the CA he posits that the t(o inci#ents of se+ual inte'cou'se (hich ga!e'ise to the c'i&inal cha'ges fo' 'ape (e'e theo'etically consensual obligato'y e!en because he an#the !icti& === (e'e a legally &a''ie# an# cohabiting couple" *e a'gues that consent to copulation

is p'esu&e# bet(een cohabiting husban# an# (ife unless the cont'a'y is p'o!e#"

The accuse#-appellant fu'the' clai&s that this case shoul# be !ie(e# an# t'eate# #iffe'ently f'o&o'#ina'y 'ape cases an# that the stan#a'#s fo' #ete'&ining the p'esence of consent o' lac) the'eof&ust be a#?uste# on the g'oun# that se+ual co&&unity is a &utual 'ight an# obligation bet(eenhusban# an# (ife"0

The contentions faile# to &uste' legal an# 'ational &e'it"

The ancient custo&s an# i#eologies f'o& (hich the i''e!ocable i&plie# consent theo'y e!ol!e# ha!eal'ea#y been supe'se#e# by &o#e& global p'inciples on the euality of 'ights bet(een &en an#(o&en an# 'espect fo' hu&an #ignity establishe# in !a'ious inte'national con!entions such as the

C$DA" The Philippines as State Pa'ty to the C$DA 'ecogniEe# that a change in the t'a#itional'ole of &en as (ell as the 'ole of (o&en in society an# in the fa&ily is nee#e# to achie!e fulleuality bet(een the&" Acco'#ingly the count'y !o(e# to ta)e all app'op'iate &easu'es to &o#ifythe social an# cultu'al patte'ns of con#uct of &en an# (o&en (ith a !ie( to achie!ing theeli&ination of p'e?u#ices custo&s an# all othe' p'actices (hich a'e base# on the i#ea of theinfe'io'ity o' the supe'io'ity of eithe' of the se+es o' on ste'eotype# 'oles fo' &en an# (o&en" 8Oneof such &easu'es is R"A" No 3454 insofa' as it e'a#icate# the a'chaic notion that &a'ital 'ape cannote+ist because a husban# has absolute p'op'ieta'y 'ights o!e' his (ife.s bo#y an# thus he' consent toe!e'y act of se+ual inti&acy (ith hi& is al(ays obligato'y o' at least p'esu&e#"

Anothe' i&po'tant inte'national inst'u&ent on gen#e' euality is the N Decla'ation on the$li&ination of Violence Against o&en (hich (as P'o&ulgate# 3by the N ;ene'al Asse&blysubseuent to the C$DA " The Decla'ation in enu&e'ating the fo'&s of gen#e'-base# !iolencethat constitute acts of #isc'i&ination against (o&en i#entifie# .&a'ital 'ape. as a species of se+ual!iolence !iE>

A'ticle

Fo' the pu'poses of this Decla'ation the te'& %!iolence against (o&en% &eans any act of gen#e'-base# !iolence that 'esults in o' is li)ely to 'esult in physical se+ual o' psychological ha'& o'suffe'ing to (o&en inclu#ing th'eats of such acts coe'cion o' a'bit'a'y #ep'i!ation of libe'ty(hethe' occu''ing in public o' in p'i!ate life"

A'ticle /

Violence against (o&en shall be un#e'stoo# to enco&pass but not be li&ite# to the follo(ing>

1a2 Physical se+ual an# psychological !iolence occu''ing in the fa&ily inclu#ing batte'ing se+ualabuse of fe&ale chil#'en in the househol# #o('y-'elate# !iolence &a'ital 'ape fe&ale genital&utilation an# othe' t'a#itional p'actices ha'&ful to (o&en non-spousal !iolence an# !iolence'elate# to e+ploitation,71$&phasis ou's2
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Clea'ly it is no( ac)no(le#ge# that 'ape as a fo'& of se+ual !iolence e+ists (ithin &a''iage" A &an(ho penet'ates he' (ife (ithout he' consent o' against he' (ill co&&its se+ual !iolence upon he'an# the Philippines as a State Pa'ty to the C$DA an# its acco&panying Decla'ation #efines an#penaliEes the act as 'ape un#e' R"A" No" 3454"

A (o&an is no longe' the chattel-antiuate# p'actices labele# he' to be" A husban# (ho has se+ual

inte'cou'se (ith his (ife is not &e'ely using a p'ope'ty he is fulfilling a &a'ital conso'tiu& (ith afello( hu&an being (ith #ignity eual/:to that he acco'#s hi&self" *e cannot be pe'&itte# to !iolatethis #ignity by coe'cing he' to engage in a se+ual act (ithout he' full an# f'ee consent" Su'ely thePhilippines cannot 'enege on its inte'national co&&it&ents an# acco&&o#ate conse'!ati!e yeti''ational notions on &a'ital acti!ities/that ha!e lost thei' 'ele!ance in a p'og'essi!e society"

It is t'ue that the Fa&ily Co#e//obligates the spouses to lo!e one anothe' but this 'ule sanctionsaffection an# se+ual inti&acy as e+p'essions of lo!e that a'e both spontaneous an# &utual /4an#not the )in# (hich is unilate'ally e+acte# by fo'ce o' coe'cion"

Fu'the' the #elicate an# 'e!e'ent natu'e of se+ual inti&acy bet(een a husban# an# (ife e+clu#esc'uelty an# coe'cion" Se+ual inti&acy b'ings spouses (holeness an# oneness" It is a gift an# a

pa'ticipation in the &yste'y of c'eation" It is a #eep sense of spi'itual co&&union" It is a function(hich enli!ens the hope of p'oc'eation an# ensu'es the continuation of fa&ily 'elations" It is ane+p'essi!e inte'est in each othe'.s feelings at a ti&e it is nee#e# by the othe' an# it can go a long(ay in #eepening &a'ital 'elationship"/


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se+ual inte'cou'se (ith he' husban# an# he cannot unla(fully ('estle such consent f'o& he' in caseshe 'efuses"

6astly the hu&an 'ights of (o&en inclu#e thei' 'ight to ha!e cont'ol o!e' an# #eci#e f'eely an#'esponsibly on &atte's 'elate# to thei' se+uality inclu#ing se+ual an# 'ep'o#ucti!e health f'ee ofcoe'cion #isc'i&ination an# !iolence"/7o&en #o not #i!est the&sel!es of such 'ight by cont'acting

&a''iage fo' the si&ple 'eason that hu&an 'ights a'e inalienable"4:

In fine since the la( #oes not sepa'ately catego'iEe &a'ital 'ape an# non-&a'ital 'ape no' p'o!i#efo' #iffe'ent #efinition o' ele&ents fo' eithe' the Cou't tas)e# to inte'p'et an# apply (hat the la(#ictates cannot t'u#ge the fo'bi##en sphe'e of ?u#icial legislation an# unla(fully #i!e't f'o& (hat thela( sets fo'th" Neithe' can the Cou't f'a&e #istinct o' st'icte' e!i#entia'y 'ules fo' &a'ital 'ape casesas it (oul# ineuitably bu'#en its !icti&s an# un'easonably an# i''ationally classify the& #iffe'entlyf'o& the !icti&s of non-&a'ital 'ape"

In#ee# the'e e+ists no legal o' 'ational 'eason fo' the Cou't to apply the la( an# the e!i#entia'y'ules on 'ape any #iffe'ently if the agg'esso' is the (o&an.s o(n legal husban#" The ele&ents an#uantu& of p'oof that suppo't a &o'al ce'tainty of guilt in 'ape cases shoul# apply unifo'&ly

'ega'#less of the legal 'elationship bet(een the accuse# an# his accuse'"

Thus the Cou't &eticulously 'e!ie(e# the p'esent case in acco'#ance (ith the establishe# legalp'inciples an# e!i#entia'y policies in the p'osecution an# 'esolution of 'ape cases an# foun# that no'e!e'sible e''o' can be i&pute# to the con!iction &ete# the accuse#-appellant"

The e!i#ence fo' the p'osecution (asbase# on c'e#ible (itnesses (ho ga!eeually c'e#ible testi&onies

In 'ape cases the con!iction of the accuse# 'ests hea!ily on the c'e#ibility of the !icti&" *ence thest'ict &an#ate that all cou'ts &ust e+a&ine tho'oughly the testi&ony of the offen#e# pa'ty" hile the

accuse# in a 'ape case &ay be con!icte# solely on the testi&ony of the co&plaining (itness cou'tsa'e nonetheless #uty-boun# to establish that thei' 'eliance on the !icti&.s testi&ony is ?ustifie#"Cou'ts &ust ensu'e that the testi&ony is c'e#ible con!incing an# othe'(ise consistent (ith hu&annatu'e" If the testi&ony of the co&plainant &eets the test of c'e#ibility the accuse# &ay becon!icte# on the basis the'eof"4

It is settle# that the e!aluation by the t'ial cou't of the c'e#ibility of (itnesses an# thei' testi&oniesa'e entitle# to the highest 'espect" This is in !ie( of its ini&itable oppo'tunity to #i'ectly obse'!e the(itnesses an# thei' #epo't&ent con#uct an# attitu#e especially #u'ing c'oss-e+a&ination" Thusunless it is sho(n that its e!aluation (as tainte# (ith a'bit'a'iness o' ce'tain facts of substance an#!alue ha!e been plainly o!e'loo)e# &isun#e'stoo# o' &isapplie# the sa&e (ill not be #istu'be# onappeal"4/

Afte' app'o+i&ating the pe'specti!e of the t'ial cou't th'u a &eticulous sc'utiny of the enti'e 'eco'#sof the t'ial p'ocee#ings an# the t'ansc'ipt of each (itnesses. testi&ony the Cou't foun# no

?ustification to #istu'b its fin#ings"

Rathe' the Cou't obse'!e# that === an# he' testi&ony (e'e both c'e#ible an# spontaneous" *aile#to the (itness stan# on si+ sepa'ate occasions === ne!e' (a!e'e# neithe' #i# he' state&ents!acillate bet(een unce'tainty an# ce'titu#e" She 'e&aine# consistent catego'ical st'aightfo'(a'#an# can#i# #u'ing the 'igo'ous c'oss-e+a&ination an# on 'ebuttal e+a&ination she (as able tocon!incingly e+plain an# #ebun) the allegations of the #efense"
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She !i!i#ly 'ecounte# ho( the accuse#-appellant fo'ce# he' to ha!e se+ (ith hi& #espite he' 'efusalon Octobe' 0 773" *e initially o'#e'e# he' to sleep besi#e hi& in thei' con?ugal be# by !iolentlyth'o(ing the cot (he'e she (as 'esting" In o'#e' not to agg'a!ate his te&pe' === obeye#" On thebe# he insinuate# fo' the& to ha!e se+" hen she 'e?ecte# his a#!ances #ue to ab#o&inal painan# hea#ache his 'euest fo' inti&acy t'ansfo'&e# into a stubbo'n #e&an#" nyiel#ing === hel#he' panties but the accuse#-appellant fo'cibly pulle# the& #o(n" The tug cause# the s&all clothing

to tea' apa't" She 'eite'ate# that she (as not feeling (ell an# begge# hi& to stop" But no a&ount of'esistance o' begging sub#ue# hi&" *e fle+e# he' t(o legs apa't g'ippe# he' han#s &ounte# he''este# his o(n legs on he's an# inse'te# his penis into he' !agina" She continue# plea#ing but hene!e' #esiste#"44

*e' accu'ate 'ecollection of the secon# 'ape inci#ent on Octobe' 8 773 is li)e(ise un&ista)able"Afte' the appalling episo#e in the con?ugal be#'oo& the p'e!ious night === #eci#e# to sleep in thechil#'en.s be#'oo&" hile he' #aughte's (e'e fi+ing the be##ings the accuse#-appellant ba'ge#into the 'oo& an# be'ate# he' fo' 'efusing to go (ith hi& to thei' con?ugal be#'oo&" hen ===insiste# to stay in the chil#'en.s be#'oo& the accuse#-appellant got ang'y an# pulle# he' up".s atte&pt to pacify the accuse#-appellant fu'the' en'age# hi&" *e 'e&in#e# the& that as thehea# of the fa&ily he coul# #o (hate!e' he (ants (ith his (ife" To #e&onst'ate his 'ole as pat'ia'chhe o'#e'e# the chil#'en to go out of the 'oo& an# the'eafte' p'ocee#e# to fo'ce === into se+ualinte'cou'se" *e fo'cibly pulle# #o(n he' sho't pants an# panties as === begge# %Dont #o that to&e &y bo#y is still aching an# also &y ab#o&en an# I cannot #o (hat you (ante# &e to #o" Icannot (ithstan# se+"%4 %Its nice that is (hatyou #ese'!e because you a'e @a fli't o' fon# of se+"%45

$nt'enche# is the 'ule that in the p'osecution of 'ape cases the essential ele&ent that &ust bep'o!e# is the absence of the !icti&.s consent to the se+ual cong'ess"40

n#e' the la( consent is absent (hen> 1a2 it (as ('estle# f'o& the !icti& by fo'ce th'eat o'inti&i#ation f'au#ulent &achinations o' g'a!e abuse of autho'ity, o' 1b2 the !icti& is incapable of

gi!ing f'ee an# !olunta'y consent because heshe is #ep'i!e# of 'eason o' othe'(ise unconscious o'that the offen#e# pa'ty is un#e' / yea's of age o' is #e&ente#"

Cont'a'y to the accuse#-appellant.s asse!e'ations ===.s consent (as ('estle# f'o& he' th'oughfo'ce an# inti&i#ation both of (hich (e'e establishe# beyon# &o'al ce'tainty by the p'osecutionth'ough the pe'tinent testi&ony of === !iE>

On the Octobe' 0 773 'ape inci#ent>

1Di'ect $+a&ination2

ATTH" 6AR;O>

So (hile you (e'e al'ea#y lying on the be# togethe' (ith you' husban# #o you 'e&e&be' (hathappene#G

A *e lie #o(n besi#e &e an# as)e# &e to ha!e se+ (ith hi&"

*o( #i# he &anifest that he (ante# to ha!e se+ (ith youG
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A *e put his han# on &y lap an# as)e# &e to ha!e se+ (ith hi& but I (a'#e# off his han#"

Can you #e&onst'ate to this Cou't ho( #i# he use his han#G

A Hes" %(itness #e&onst'ating on ho( the accuse# use# his finge' by touching o' )noc)ing he' lap(hich &eans that he (ante# to ha!e se+"%

So (hat #i# you #o afte' thatG

A I (a'#e# off his han# an# 'efuse# because I (as not feeling (ell" 1at this ?unctu'e the (itness issobbing2

So (hat #i# you' husban# #o (hen you 'efuse# hi& to ha!e se+ (ith youG

A *e insiste# an# he pulle# &y pantie fo'cibly that is (hy &y pantie @sic (as to&"

hy (hat #i# you #o (hen he sta'te# to pull you' pantie @sicG

A I 'esiste# an# t'ie# to hol# &y pantie @sic but I faile# because he is so st'ong"

++ ++

So (hen you' pantie @sic (as to& by you' husban# (hat else #i# he #oG

A *e fle+e# &y t(o legs an# 'este# his t(o legs on &y legs"

So afte' that (hat else #i# he #oG

A *e succee#e# in ha!ing se+ (ith &e because he hel# &y t(o han#s no &atte' ho( I ('estle# but

I faile# because he is st'onge' than &e"

CORT> a)e it of 'eco'# that the (itness is sobbing (hile she is gi!ing he' testi&ony"

ATTH" 6AR;O> 1To the (itness cont.ng"2

So (hat #i# you #o (hen you' husban# al'ea#y st'etche# you' t(o legs an# 'o#e on you an#hel# you' t(o han#sG

A I tol# hi& %#on.t #o that because I.& not feeling (ell an# &y (hole bo#y is aching"%

*o( #i# you say that to you' husban#G

A I tol# hi& %#on.t #o that to &e because I.& not feeling (ell"%

Di# you say that in the &anne' you a'e saying no(G

+ + + +

A I shoute# (hen I utte'e# that (o'#s"


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+ + + +

as you' husban# able to consu&&ate his #esi'eG

+ + + +

A Hes si' because I cannot #o anything"48

1C'oss-$+a&ination2

ATTH" AAR;A,

$!e'y ti&e you ha!e se+ (ith you' husban# it (as you' husban# no'&ally 'e&o!e you' pantyG

A Hes Si'"

It (as not unusual fo' you' husban# then to 'e&o!e you' panty because acco'#ing to you heno'&ally #o that if he ha!e se+ (ith youG

A Hes Si'"

An# finally acco'#ing to you you' husban# ha!e se+ (ith youG

A Hes Si' because he fo'cibly use# &e in spite of hol#ing &y panty because I #on.t (ant to ha!e se+(ith hi& at that ti&e"

Hou #i# not sp'ea# you' legs at that ti&e (hen he 'e&o!e# you' pantyG

A Hes Si'"

eaning you' position of you' legs (as no'&al #u'ing that ti&eG

A I t'ie# to 'esist by not fle+ing &y legs"

+ + + +

At that ti&e (hen you' husban# allege#ly 'e&o!e# you' panty he also 'e&o!e you' nightgo(nG

A No Si'"

An# he #i# pull out you' #uste' @sic to(a'#s you' faceG

A *e 'aise# &y #uste' @sic up"

In othe' (o'#s you' face (as co!e'e# (hen he 'aise# you' #uste' @sicG

A No only on the b'east le!el"43

On the Octobe' 8 773 'ape inci#ent>
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1Di'ect $+a&ination2

ATTH" 6AR;O

So afte' you' chil#'en (ent out of the 'oo& (hat t'anspi'e#G

A *e successfully ha!ing se+ (ith &e because he pulle# &y sho't pant an# pantie fo'cible"

So (hat #i# you say (hen he fo'cibly pulle# you' sho't an# pantieG

A I tol# hi& %#on.t #o that to &e &y bo#y is still aching an# also &y ab#o&en an# I cannot #o (hatyou (ante# &e to #o" I cannot (ithstan# se+"%

So (hat happene# to you' sho't (hen he fo'cibly pulle# it #o(nG

A It (as to&"

An# afte' you' sho't an# pantie (as pulle# #o(n by you' husban# (hat #i# he #oG

A *e also 'e&o!e# his sho't an# b'ief an# fle+e# &y t(o legs an# &ounte# on &e an# succee#e# inha!ing se+ (ith &e"47

The accuse#-appellant fo'ce# his (ife (hen he )no(ingly o!e'po(e'e# he' by g'ipping he' han#sfle+ing he' legs an# then 'esting his o(n legs the'eon in o'#e' to facilitate the consu&&ation of his&uch-#esi'e# non-consensual se+ual inte'cou'se"

Reco'#s also sho( that the accuse#-appellant e&ploye# sufficient inti&i#ation upon ===" *isactuations p'io' to the actual &o&ent of the felonious coitus 'e!eale# that he i&pose# his #isto'te#sense of &o'al autho'ity on his (ife" *e fu'iously #e&an#e# fo' he' to lay (ith hi& on the be# an#the'eafte' coe'ce# he' to in#ulge his se+ual c'a!ing"

The fu'y the accuse#-appellant e+hibite# (hen === 'efuse# to sleep (ith hi& on thei' be# (henshe insiste# to sleep in the chil#'en.s be#'oo& an# the fact that he e+e'cises #o&inance o!e' he' ashusban# all co(e# === into sub&ission"

The fact that === !olunta'ily (ent (ith the accuse#-appellant to thei' con?ugal be#'oo& on Octobe'0 773 cannot be st'etche# to &ean that she consente# to the fo'ce# se+ual inte'cou'se thatensue#" The accuse#-appellant (as ===.s husban# an# hence it (as custo&a'y fo' he' to sleep inthe con?ugal be#'oo&" No consent can be #e#uce# f'o& such act of === because at that ?unctu'ethe'e (e'e no in#ications that se+ual inte'cou'se (as about to ta)e place" The issue of consent (asstill i''ele!ant since the act fo' (hich the sa&e is legally 'eui'e# #i# not e+ist yet o' at least unclea'to the pe'son f'o& (ho& the consent (as #esi'e#" The significant point (hen consent &ust be gi!en

is at that ti&e (hen it is clea' to the !icti& that he' agg'esso' is soliciting se+ual cong'ess" In thiscase that point is (hen the accuse#-appellant tappe# his finge's on he' lap a gestu'e ===co&p'ehen#e# to be an in!itation fo' a se+ual inte'cou'se (hich she 'efuse#"

Resistance &e#ical ce'tificate an# bloo# t'aces"

e cannot gi!e c'e#ence to the accuse#-appellant.s a'gu&ent that === shoul# ha!e hit hi& tocon!ey that she (as 'esisting his se+ual onslaught" Resistance is not an ele&ent of 'ape an# the


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la( #oes not i&pose upon the !icti& the bu'#en to p'o!e 'esistance %@Hou' fathe' isan ani&al a beast, he fo'ce# &e to ha!e se+ (ith hi& (hen I.& not feeling (ell" %


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=== ga!e a si&ila' na''ation to an# OOO the follo(ing night afte' the accuse#-appellantba'ge# insi#e the chil#'en.s be#'oo&" The couple ha# an a'gu&ent an# (hen t'ie# tointe'fe'e the accuse#-appellant o'#e'e# he' an# OOO to get out afte' b'agging that he can ha!e se+(ith his (ife e!en in f'ont of the chil#'en because he is the hea# of the fa&ily" The gi'ls then staye#by the stai'case (he'e they afte'(a'#s hea'# thei' &othe' helplessly c'ying an# shouting fo' theaccuse#-appellant to stop"

In#ee# the testi&onies of === an# OOO cohe'ently #epicte# that the accuse#-appellantth'ough the use of fo'ce an# inti&i#ation ha# non-consensual an# fo'ce# ca'nal )no(le#ge of his(ife === on the nights of Octobe' 0 an# 8 773"

===.s helpless sc'ea&s an# pleas f'o& insi#e the be#'oo& couple# (ith he' !e'bal an# physical'esistance (e'e clea' &anifestations of coe'cion" *e' appea'ance (hen sa( he' on the be#afte' the accuse# appellant opene# the #oo' on Octobe' 0 773 he' con#uct to(a'#s the accuse#-appellant on he' (ay out of the 'oo& an# he' catego'ical outc'y to he' chil#'en afte' the t(obe#'oo& episo#es - all gene'ate the conclusion that the se+ual acts that occu''e# (e'e against he'(ill"

Failu'e to i&&e#iately 'epo't to thepolice autho'ities if satisfacto'ilye+plaine# is not fatal to thec'e#ibility of a (itness"

The testi&onies of === an# he' #aughte's cannot be #isc'e#ite# &e'ely because they faile# to'epo't the 'ape inci#ents to the police autho'ities o' that === belate#ly file# the 'ape cha'ges" Delayo' !acillation by the !icti&s in 'epo'ting se+ual assaults #oes not necessa'ily i&pai' thei' c'e#ibility ifsuch #elay is satisfacto'ily e+plaine#"5:

At that ti&e === an# he' #aughte's (e'e not a(a'e that a husban# fo'cing his (ife to sub&it tose+ual inte'cou'se is consi#e'e# 'ape" In fact === only foun# out that she coul# sue his husban# fo''ape (hen P'osecuto' Ben?a&in Tabiue 9'" 1P'osecuto' Tabiue2 tol# he' about it (hen she file#the sepa'ate cha'ges fo' g'a!e th'eats an# physical in?u'ies against the accuse#-appellant"5

It &ust be note# that the inci#ents occu''e# a yea' into the effecti!ity of R"A" No" 3454 abolishing&a'ital e+e&ption in 'ape cases hence it is un#e'stan#able that it (as not yet )no(n to a lay&an asoppose# to legal p'ofessionals li)e P'osecuto' Tabiue" In a##ition fea' of 'ep'isal th'u socialhu&iliation (hich is the co&&on facto' that #ete' 'ape !icti&s f'o& 'epo'ting the c'i&e to theautho'ities is &o'e cu&be'so&e in &a'ital 'ape cases" This is in !ie( of the popula' yet out#ate#belief that it is the (ife.s absolute obligation to sub&it to he' husban#.s ca'nal #esi'es" A husban#'aping his o(n (ife is often #is&isse# as a peculia' occu''ence o' t'i!ialiEe# as si&ple #o&estict'ouble"

nfa&ilia'ity (ith o' lac) of )no(le#ge of the la( c'i&inaliEing &a'ital 'ape the stig&a an# public

sc'utiny that coul# ha!e befallen === an# he' fa&ily ha# the inte'!ention of police autho'ities o'e!en the neighbo's been sought a'e acceptable e+planations fo' the failu'e o' #elay in 'epo'ting thesub?ect 'ape inci#ents"

The !icti& -S testi&ony on the(itness stan# 'en#e'e#unnecessa'y the p'esentation of he'co&plaint-affi#a!it as e!i#ence"
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The failu'e of the p'osecution to p'esent ===.s co&plaint-affi#a!it fo' 'ape is not fatal in !ie( of thec'e#ible can#i# an# positi!e testi&ony of === on the (itness stan#" Testi&onial e!i#ence ca''ies&o'e (eight than the affi#a!it since it un#e'(ent the 'u#i&ents of a #i'ect c'oss 'e-#i'ect an# 'e-c'oss e+a&inations" Affi#a!its o' state&ents ta)en e+ pa'te a'e gene'ally consi#e'e# inco&plete an#inaccu'ate" Thus by natu'e they a'e infe'io' to testi&ony gi!en in cou't"5/

ll o*i6& ip-*& *o *+& 6i*i

The ill &oti!e (hich the accuse#-appellant i&pute# to === #oes not inspi'e belief as it is 'i##le#(ith loopholes gene'ate# by incong'uent an# fli&sy e!i#ence" The p'osecution (as able to establishthat the P4 illion #eposit in the spouses. ban) account (as the p'ocee#s of thei' loan f'o& theBan) of Philippine Islan#s 1BPI2" $+hibit 9 (hich is a BPI 6 inst'uction sheet #ate# Octobe' 4770 in the a&ount of P4


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Alii

It &ust be st'esse# that in 'aising the i''e!ocable i&plie# consent theo'y as #efense the accuse#-appellant has essentially a#&itte# the facts of se+ual inte'cou'se e&bo#ie# in the t(o c'i&inalinfo'&ations fo' 'ape" This a#&ission is inconsistent (ith the #efense of alibi an# any #iscussionthe'eon (ill thus be i''ele!ant"

At any 'ate the cou'ts a uo co''ectly 'e?ecte# his alibi"

Alibi is one of the (ea)est #efenses not only because it is inhe'ently f'ail an# un'eliable but alsobecause it is easy to fab'icate an# #ifficult to chec) o' 'ebut" It cannot p'e!ail o!e' the positi!ei#entification of the accuse# by eye(itnesses (ho ha# no i&p'ope' &oti!e to testify falsely"5

pp vs jumawan ruling and decision

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