meterology lab

7/29/2019 Meterology Lab

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LIST OF EXPERIMENT.(METEROLOGY LAB)S.NO

Name of the experiment.

1. VERNIER CALIPERS

2. MICROMETER(OUTSIDE)

3. MICROMETER(INSIDE)

4. GEAR TOOTH MICROMETER

5. BORE GUAGE

6. SPIRIT LEVEL

7. OPTICAL BEVEL PROTRACTOR

8. TOOL MAKERS MICROSCOPE

9. SCREW THREAD MICROMETER

10. VERNIER HEIGHT GAUGE

11. MICROMETER DEPTH GAUGE

12. ALIGNMENT TEST ON DRILLING MACHINE

13. ALIGNMENT TEST ON MILLING MACHINE

14. ALIGNMENT TEST ON LATHEMACHINE

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VERNIER CALIPERS-EXP(1)

Aim:-

To measure the length and diameter using vernier calipers

Apparatus:-

Linearmeasurement applies to measure the length, diameter, height and thickness including

external and internal measurements. These are designed for linear and end measurement.

Construction:-

Vernier consists of 2 scales one fixed and other movable. The fixed scale known as themain scale is calibratyed on L shaped frame and carriers a fixed jaw. The movable vernier

scale slides over the main scale and carriers a measuring tip when the jaws are closed the

zero of vernier and main scale coincide.An adjustment is provided to liock the sliding scale.

Use:-

These are used for both internal and external measurement, its generate used for

measuring by closing the jaws on work surface and taking readings from main scale is

examined to as certain which of its division coincide and added to the main scale reading.

Least count= One division of main scale reading/ No. division on scale .mm

49 MSD=50 VSD

1 MSD=1mm

1 VSD= 49 MSD/50 VSD

L.C= 1MSD- 1VSD

= 1- 49/50

=0.02 mm

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Precautions:-

1.Line of measurements and scale must coincide

2.Measurement tips of caliber should parallel to the work place center line

3. Do not apply pressure on place.

Calculations:

Length of the specimen

S.NO MSR(mm) VSR VSR X LC TR= MSR + (VSRX LC) mm

1234

Diameter of the spicemen

S.NO MSR(mm) VSR VSR X LC TR= MSR + (VSR

X LC) mm1234

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Depth of the spicemen


1

234

Thickness of the spicemen


1234

Inside Diameter of the spicemen


1234

Result:-

The experiment is conducted on the vernier calipers for measuring for the physical

quantities of the given spicemen.

Conclusion:-

1. Length of the spicemen - ----------- mm2. Diameter of spicemen- ----------- mm3. Inner diameter of the hollow cylinder- ----------- mm4. Outer diameter of the spicemen- - ---------- mm5. Thickness of the spicemen- ----------- mm

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5/36

MICROMETER(Outside)--------EXP(2)

Aim:-

To measure the length, height and diameter of the given spicemen

Apparatus:-

Micrometer, spicemen

Micrometer:-

It is one of the most common and most popular form of measuring instrument for previse

measurement with 0.001 mm accuracy micrometer with 0.001 mm are available.

Principle:-Micrometer works on the principle of screw and most when is turned through pitch distance

i.e., one revolution. It advances by one pitch distance i.e., on revolutions of screw

corresponds to a linear movement of a distance equal to the pitch of the thread.

Least count (L.C) = 1 Division of MSR/ No of Divisions of the PSR

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Procedure:-

1. Select the micrometer with a desired range depending upon the fire of the workpiece to be measured.

2.

The next step is to check it for zero error incase of 0.25 mm micrometer, the zeroerror is checked by contracting the faces of the fixed anvil andf the spindle.

3. The barrel has graduation, in interval, of 1mm above this reference line.4. These are also graduation below reference line OLH the middle of 2 successive

upper graduation so as to read 0.5mm

5. For measuring the dimension, hod work below faces of the anvil and spindle andthen move the spindle by rotating the thimble limit and spindle by rotating then

touches the work piece.

6. Take the thimble reading which coincides with the reference line on the sleeveTotal reading=MSR + (LC X PSR) mm

Calculations:-

Length of the spicemen


12

34

Outer Diameter of the spicemen


1

234

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Thickness of the spicemen


1

234

Precautions:-

1. First clean the micrometer by wipping off dirt.2. Set zero readings on instrument before measuring3. Hold the point whose dimensions is to be measured properly turn thimble.

Result:-

The experiment is conducted on micrometer to find out the length, diameter and thickness

of the given spicemen.

Conclusion:-

1. Length of the spicemen -----------mm2. Outer Diameter of the spicemen -----------mm3. Tjhickness of the spicemen -----------mm

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INSIDE MICROMETER(3)

Aim:-

To determine inside diameter is a given hollow spicemen

Apparatus:-

Inside micrometer, hollow spicemen

Micrometer:-

It is one of the most common and most popular form of measuring instrument for precious

measurement with 0.001mm accuracy are also available.

Principle:-

Micrometer works on the principle of screw and nut. When screw is turned through nut one

revolutions it advances by one pitch distance i.e., one revolution of screw corresoonds to a

linear moment of a distance equal to the pitch of the thread

L.C= Pitch of the spindle/ No of divisions on the spindle

Procedure:-

1.

Select the micrometer with a desired range depending upon the size of the workpiece to be measured.

2. The next step is to check it for zero error. In case of 0.25mm micrometer, the zeroerror is checked by contracting the faces of fixed anvil and the spindle.

3. The barrel has graduation , in travels of 1mm above the reference line4. For measuring the dimension, hold work b/w faces of the anvil the spindle by rotating

then touches the work piece

5. Take the thimble reading with coincides with the reference line on the sleeve.Total reading = MSR + (PSR X LC )mm

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Precautions:-

1. first clean the micrometer by wiping off dirt, fit, dust grit off it.2. Clean them with a piece of cloth or paper3.

Set zero readings on instrument before measuring.

Inner diameter of the spicemen-1

S.NO MSR(mm) PSR PSR X LC TR= MSR + (PSRX LC) mm

123

4

Inner diameter of the spicemen-2


123

4

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Result:-

The experiment is used to find the inner diameter of the hollow spicemen of given

spicemem

Conclusion:-

The inner diameter of the hallow spicemen is ---------------- mm

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11/36

GEAR TOOTH MICROMETER EXP(4)

Aim:-

To determine the thickness of given gear tooth.

Apparatus:-

Gear tooth micriometer, gear

Theory:-

Gear tooth micrometer is used to measure the thickness of gear tooth at pitch line. It is

similar to simple micrometer but gear tooth micrometer having flanks at the end of anvil and

spindle. The flanks of the micrometer. Gives the thickness of gear tooth at pitch line.

Principle:-

Gear tooth micrometer works on the principle of screw and when screw is turned through

nut for one revolution it advances by one pitch distance i.e., one revolution of screw

corresponds to a linear moment of a distance equal to the pitch of thread.

Least Count(LC)= Pitch of the spindle screw/ No of divisions of the spindle(mm)

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Procedure:-

1. Select the micrometer with a desired range depending upon the thickness of thework piece to be measured.

2.

The next is to check it for zero error in case of 0.25mm micrometer, the zero error, issurfaces of anvil and spindle.

3. The barrel has graduations, in interval of 1mm above the subsequent line.4. For measuring, hold the work piece b/w faces of anvil and spindle and move the

spindle by rotating the thimble unit it just touches the work piece.

5. Take the thimble reading which coincides with reference line on the sleeve.Total reading = MSR+(PSR X LC)mm

Simple calculations:-

MSR = 3mm

PSR= 6mm

LC = 0.01mm

Error = 27mm

PSR X LC = (6+27)X0.01=0.33mm

TR=MSR+(PSRXLC)=3+0.33mm

Precautions:-

1. Clean the micrometer by wiping off dirt2. Clean the micrometer thoroughly with paper or cloth3. Set zero readings on instrument before measuring

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Pitch circle diameter


1

234

5

Diameter of gear


1

2345

Result:-

The experiment is conducted on gear tooth micrometer and the thickness is diameter

Conclusion:-

The thickness of the given spicemen gear tooth is found to be mm

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14/36

BORE GAUGE-EXP(5)

Aim:-

To determine the bore diameter (int. dice) of the given spicemen

Apparatus:-

Bore gauge, Anvils, Washers, Specimens

Theory:-

Bore gauge, is generally used to determine the bore diameter of components. Bore gauge

consists of following parts.

1.

Dial gauge2. Vertical column3. Arrangement of anvil and washer4. Movabale spindleDial indicator:-

This is used for measuring and checking linear measurement. These require less skills

in their use than other instruments such as micrometer. Gauges etc., when dial indicator

is used as essential part in mechanism of any set up for measure purpose. It is referred

as dial gauge. This dial gauge consists of graduated circular dial. Pointer. Point. Pointer

gear train arrangement vessel clamp, revolution counter. It activates a pionion which is

attached to the pointer shaft. A gear train is used b/w plunger rack and pinion, to

magnify the movement of the plunger to the pointer. A revolution counter is used to

count the number of revolutions of the pointer

Least count = 0.01mm

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Procedure:-

1. Select the suitable anvil and washer to measure the dimension of given spicemen.2. Insert anvil and washer at the bottom of vertical column of bore gauge3. Subtract the dial indicator value from the sum of anvil and washer value. Which gives

the bore diameter of given spicemen

4. Repeat same procedure to get the bore diameter at different positions of spicemen

Sample calculations:-

Least count (LC)=0.01mm

Anvil size = 45mm

Washer size = 45mm

Total indicator Reading = 14 X 0.01= 0.145mm

Total Reading=(Anvil size + Wasjher size)-(Dial indicator for Reading)

= (45+4.5)-(0.145)=49.355mm

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Calculation Total reading:-

Bore diameter = (Anvil size + Washer Size)- (Dial indicator Reading).

Inner Diameter of the specimen-1

S.NO Anvil Size Washer size Dial indicatorreading

TR= Anvil size+Washer size Dialindicator reading(mm)

12

345

Inner Diameter of the specimen-2

S.NO Anvil Size Washer size Dial indicatorreading

TR= Anvil size+Washer size Dialindicator reading(mm)

1

2345

Result:-

The experiment has been conducted on bore gauge to determine the bore diameter of

given spicemen.

Conclusion:-

The bore diameter of the given spicemen is mm

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17/36

SPIRIT LEVEL EXP(6)

Aim:-

To check the flatness of given surface plate

Apparatus:-

Spirit level, surface plate

Theory:-

Generally spirit level is used for leveling the machinery and other instruments. But spirit

levels are also used to measure the angles. It is also called precision level. It consists of

glass tube and of the tube. If the tube is fitted through a small angle if R- radius of tuibe L-

distance of bubble moved when spirit level is fitted to same angle

The angle is calculated as fallows

L=R8,

8=L/R

Procedure:-

1. Keep the spirit level on the surface plate2. Observe the bubble in the spirit level3. If bubble is in the middle of spirit level than surface is flat.4. If bubble is not in the middle of spirit level than surface is not flat5. Repeat the same procedure at different places of surface plate

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Flatness of the specimen

S.NO Horizontal Vertical Result12345

Result:-

The experiment has been conducted on spirit level to check the flatness of givensurface plate

Conclusion:-

The given surface plate is flat/not flat---------------------

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19/36

OPTICAL BEVEL PROTRACTOREXP(7)

Aim:-

To determine angle of given specimen

Apparatus:-

Bevel protractor, spicemen

Theory:-

It is the simplest for measuiring the angle below the two faces of the component

Their consists of protractor which is used to measure the angles

1) Vernier 2) Optical

Vernier bevel protractor:-

It consists of a base plate to the main body and adjustable blade which is attached to the

circular plate. A vernier scale is provided on the main scale the adjustable scale is capable

of rotating freely about the center of the main scale and it can be locked at position by lock

nut. It is capable of measuring 0 to 360 deg. The main scale on the disc is graduiated in

degrees of arc. The vernier scale has 12 divisions on each side of centre zero.

Each division on the vernier scale

= 5pow1 of arc which is the least count of vernier scale

The reading of vernier bevel protractor = MSR+(VSR X LC)mm

Optical bevel protractor:-

A recent development of vernier bevel protractor is optical bevel protractor. In thisinstrument a glass ole is divided at 10pow1 of arc intervels through out 360deg and this

glass ole is fitted inside the main body. A lens is fitted through which measurements are

taken from the glass ole. With the help of the optical bevel protractor it is possible to read

5pow1 of arc 1.e., LC of this instrument is 5pow-1

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Procedure:-

1. Place the adjustable blade on the component2. Tight the blade using lock nut3. Take the main scale reading4. Take the vernier scale reading from vernier scale which is fixed on the main sxcale

through lens

Angle of the specimen-1

S.NO MSR0(mm) VSR VPSR X LC TR= MSR + (VSR

X LC) mm12

345

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Angle of the specimen-2

S.NO MSR0(mm) VSR VPSR X LC TR= MSR + (VSRX LC) mm

1

234

5

Result:-

The experiment is conducted an optical bevel protractor and angle of given specimen is

determined

Conclusion:-

The angle of given specimen is __________________

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22/36

TOOL MAKERS MICROSCOPE-EXP(8)

Aim:-

To determine the angle and pitch of given external screw thread

Apparatus:-

Tool makers microscope, specimen

Theory:-

The tool maker microscope is designed for measurement of components of difficults forms.

Ex:- profile of external threads, tools , guage. It can be used for measuring center to center

distance of holes in any plane it consists of optical head which can be adjusted vertically

along inspection the table can be moved in longitudinal direction and lateral direction bymicrometer screws, which arte having barrel and thimble at back of base light is arranged

which provides on the optical head. The image of component passes through optical head

and observations. The reading of longitudinal micrometer is noted. The difference gives the

pitch of the thread.

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Calculations:

Table:1.

s.no MSR PSR TR MSR PSR TR

Table:2.

s.no MSR PSR TR MSR PSR TR

Result:-

The experiment is conducted on tool makers microscope , the angle, pitch of threaddetermined.

Conclusion:-

The pitch of the screw thread = 1.155mm

Angle of external screw thread = 35deg.17

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24/36

SCREW THREAD MICROSCOPE-EXP(9)

Aim:-

To determine the diameter of the thread

Apparatus:-

Screw thread micrometer, specimen

Principle:-

Micrometer work on the principle of screw. When screw is turned through nut one revolution

it advances by one pitch distances by one pitch distance i.e., one revolution of screw

corresponds ta a linear movement of a distance equal to the pitch of the thread

LC= Pitch of the spindle screw / No . of divisions on the spindle.

Procedure:-

1. Select the micrometer with a desired range depending upon the size of the workpiece to be measured

2. The next step is to check it for zero error in lost of 0.25mm Micrometer. The zeroerror is checked by contracting the faces of the fixed axial. The spindle.

3. The barrel has graduation in internal of 1mm above the reference line. There arealso graduation below the reference line out the middle of two successive upper

graduation so as the read 0.5mm

4. For measuring the dimension, hold work below faces of axial and spindle.5. Take the thimble reading while consider with the reference line on the sleeve

TR=MSR+(lc X PSR)

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Precautions:-

1. Clean the micrometer by whipping off dirts, oil, dust, grit off it.2. Clean them with a piece of cloth or paper3. Clean measuring faces of anvil and spindle4.

Hold the part whose dimension is to be measured.

Pitch diameter of the specimen


1234

5

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Outer diameter of the specimen


1

234

5

Result:-

The experiment is conducted on screw thread micrometer and the diameter of the screw

thread is determined

Conclusion:-

The diameter of screw thread is obtained as mm

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27/36

VERNIER HEIGHT GAUGE-EXP(10)

Aim:-

To measure the height of the given specimen by vernier height gauge

Apparatus:-

It is similar to vernier calipers, but in this graduated is held in a vertical position and it is

used in conjunction with a surface plate

Construction:-

A vernier height gauge consists of :-

1.A finely grouped and lapped base. The base as massive and robust in constructionto ensure rigidity and stability.

2. A vertical graduated beam (or) column is supported on a massive base.3. Attached to the beam is sliding vernier head carrying the vertical scale and a

clamping screw.

Features:-

1. All the parts are made of good quality steel or stainkless steel2. The beam should be sufficiently rigid and square wit base.3. The measuring jaws should have a clear projection from the edge of the beam.

Atleast equal to the projection of the base from the beam

4. The upper and lower gauging surface of the measuring jaws shall be flat and parallelto the base

5. Scruber should also be of the same nominal depth as the measuring jaws so that itmay be resolved

6.

Projection of the jaws should be atleast 25mm

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Precautions:-

1. When not in use .vernier height guage should be kept in to case2. It should be tested for the straightness, squareness and parallelism of the working

focus of the beam.

Length of the specimen-1


1234

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Length of the specimen-1

S.NO MSR(mm) VSR VSR X LC TR= MSR + (VSR

X LC) mm12345

Result:-

The height of given specimen is found using vernier height gauge

Conclusion:-

The height of the specimen and obtained as mm

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30/36

MICROMETER DEPTH GAUGE EXP(11)

Aim:

It is used for measuring the depth of holes , slots and recessed area.

Apparatus:

Micrometer , specimen.

Theory:

It has got one shoulder which act as reference surface and is held firmly and

perpendicularly to the center line of the hole. Here also for larger ranges of

measurement , extension rod are used. The screw micrometer depth gauge has

range of 20mm or 25mm. the length of the micrometer depth gauge varies from 0

to 225mm. the rod is inserted through the top of the micrometer. The rod is

marked after every 10mm so that it could be clamped at any position in using this

instrument .

Procedure:

1. To measure the depth of any material, use the micrometer depth gauge.2. Take the sample piece, the length of the rod varies from 0 to 225mm.3. Various rods are used as per requirement at the certain limit that gauge will

move as it is by rotating screw in clock wise direction.

4. Tight the screw and measure the main scale and circular scale also addingthe initial value of the rod this gives MSR, VSR, TSR by adding LC.

5. Note down readings by following procedure.Observation Table:

Sr .No MSR VSR LC TSR1

2

3

4

5

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Result:

The depth of the given specimen is found using MICROMETER DEPTH GAUGE.

Conclusion:

1. Depth of the hole ______________mm.2. Depth of the slot ________________mm

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32/36

ALIGNMENT TEST ON DRILLING MACHINE-EXP(12)

Aim:-

To perform alignment tests on drilling machine

Apparatus:-

Gauge blocks, dial gauge, straight edges

Flatness of clamping surface of Base:-

This test is performed by placing a straight edge on same dimension of two gauge blocks on

the plate in the various dimensions. The error is noted by inserting the feeler gauge

between gauge block and straight edge if clearance is noted than it is said that the base

plate is not flat otherwise it is flat.

Flatness of clamping Surface of Table:-

This test is performed by placing a straight edge on same dimension of 2 gauge blocks on

the table in the various dimensions. The error is noted by inserting the feeler gauge

between gauge blocks and straight edge otherwise it is running in proper way

Perpendicularity of Drill Head Guide With Baser:-

Perpendicularity (squareness) of drill head guide with the base plate is performed by placingthe frame levels on drill head guide and base plate. Th3e error is noted by nothing the

difference of two frame levels. If the difference is 0 then it is said that sleeve is parallel to

base plate.

Total Deflection:-

For this test in dial indicator is fioxed on table and its feeler touches the surface of the

spindle.The dynamometer or load is applied to the spindle and spindle is rotated. In this

position observe the diviation of dial gauge if any devitation is noted then it is said that thespindle is deflected under load otherwise under load otherwise no deflection of spindle

under load.

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33/36

ALIGNMENT TEST ON MILLING MACHINE-EXP(13)

Aim:-

To Perform the alignment test on milling.

Apparatus:-

Spirit level, gauge blocks, dial gauge

Theory:-

Following are the tests on milling machine

Test for leveling of milling machine:-

It is essential that a machine tool should be installed truly horizontal and vertical plane andthis accuracy must be maintained. If milling base is not installed truly horizontal then bed will

undergo a deflection and produce a simple bend.

True Running of spindle:-

A mandrel placed in the spindle and tedt is conducted on the surface of mandrel. A dial

gauge is fixed on the machine table and feeler of the dial gauge is made to touch the lower

surface of it clearance is noted then it is said that the table is not flat otherwise it is flat.

True Running of spindle:-

For this test the mandrel is p[laced in the spindle and dial indicator is fixed on the table. The

feeler of dial gauge is made to touch the surface of manderal.

Parallelism of spindle Axis with its vertical moment:-

For this test the manderal is placed in the spindle and dial indicator is fixed on the table. The

feeler of dial gauge is made to touch the surface of mandrel also moved up and down, the

mandrel also moved up and down observe any direction in the reading of dial gauge isnoted then that is said that it is not running in proper way mandrel.

Axis slip of main spindle is developed due to the error in bearing support for this

test feeler of the dial gauge is placed on the face of main spindle and the dial gauge.

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Parllelism (or) Table Surface with longitudinal surface:-

A machine is placed in the spindle and test is conducted on the surface of mandrel. If any

degration is noted then it is noted then it is said that spindle is not parallel to the table.

Parallelism of Table Surface with main spindle:-

A mandrel is placed in the spindle and test is conducted on the surface of mandrel. A dial

gauge is fixed on the table and feeler is touched to the spindle. If any deviation takes place

the spindle is not machione to the table.

Parallelism of Table Surface with Arbor:-

Arbor is placed in the spindle and test is conducted on the surface of order. If any degration

is noted than it is saidf that arbor is not parallel to the table

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35/36

ALIGNMENT TEST ON LATHE MACHINE---EXP(14)

Aim:-

To perform alignment test on table

Apparatus:-

Spirit level, gauge blocks, dial gauge

Theory:-

The following are the alignment tests on lathe.

Leveling of machine:-

It is essential that a machine tool should be installed truly horizontal and vertical plane andthis accuracy must be mainted . The level of machine base in longitudinal and transverse

direction is tested by spirit level or precision level. The spirit level is placed at a to measure

the level.

True running of main spindle:-

The true mandrel is placed in the main spindle and test is conducted on the surface of

material if dial gauge shows any deviation in the reading then it is said that the main spindle

is running in the proper way.

Parallelism of main spindle to saddle movement:-

If the axis of the spindle is not parallel to the saddle movement then it is not possible to get

req. dimension of work piece while doing the operation on lathe. The spindle is moved and

the deviation in the reading of dial gauge are noted.

Parallelism of Tailstock guide ways to saddle movement:-

To check the parallelism of guide ways with the saddle movement in the both vertical andhorizontal directions. The dial indicator is held on the spindle and block is moved

simultaneously any deviation in reading of dial gauge is noted if no deviation in the reading

then tail stock guide ways is parallel to saddle movement otherwise it is not parallel to

saddle movement.

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36/36

Parallelism of tail stock guide ways to carriage movement:-

To check the parallelism of guide ways with the carriage in both vertical and horizontal

objections. A block is placed on the guide ways of tail stock. The dial indicator is held on the

carriage and block is moved simultaneously any deviation in reading of dial gauge is notedParallelism of main spindle to carriage movement:-

To check the parallelism of main spindle to carriage in both vertical and horizontal. The

deviation is observed the spindle is not parallel to the carriage.

True Running of head stock center:-

The test mandrel is placed in the head stock and test is conducted on the surface of

carriage. The dial gauge shows any diviations in the reading then the head stock is not

running in proper.

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meterology lab

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