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Project funded from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement nº604387. METHODOLOGY FOR TESTING PERSONAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING AGAINST AIRBORNE NANOPARTICLES Maidá Domat Nanosafety Area - ITENE [email protected] Nanosafe, 7 – 10 th November 2016, Grenoble

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Page 1: METHODOLOGY FOR TESTING PERSONAL - CEA - Accueil 3.3...Static / Dynamic test - ITENE 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 10 100 1000 m-3) Particle diameter (nm) dp 50 = 80 nm

14-15th June 2016

Project funded from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)under grant agreement nº604387.

METHODOLOGY FOR TESTING PERSONAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING AGAINST

AIRBORNE NANOPARTICLES

Maidá Domat

Nanosafety Area - ITENE

[email protected]

Nanosafe, 7 – 10th November 2016, Grenoble

mailto:[email protected]
Page 2: METHODOLOGY FOR TESTING PERSONAL - CEA - Accueil 3.3...Static / Dynamic test - ITENE 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 10 100 1000 m-3) Particle diameter (nm) dp 50 = 80 nm

GUIDEnano 30 month meeting– 14-15th June 2016 Barcelona

Overview

Nanosafe, 7 – 10th November 2016, Grenoble

• Background (state of art)

• Methodology

• Validation of experiments

• Results

• Conclusions

Page 3: METHODOLOGY FOR TESTING PERSONAL - CEA - Accueil 3.3...Static / Dynamic test - ITENE 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 10 100 1000 m-3) Particle diameter (nm) dp 50 = 80 nm

GUIDEnano 30 month meeting– 14-15th June 2016 Barcelona

Normative

At present, we measure the protection factor of PPE by a flame photometer according standards infunction of each PPE (disposable masks, reusable masks, non-ventilated suits, ventilated suits, etc.)

Nanosafe, 7 – 10th November 2016, Grenoble

Background

EN 149:2001 + A1:2009 Half masks to protect against particles

NF EN 136-1:1998 Full face masks

NF EN 143-1:2000 Particle filters

EN ISO 13982-2:2004 Protective clothing

6

54

32

1Total isolation against chemicals and gases (UNE-EN 943-1,2)

resist the penetration of solid particles suspended in the air (UNE-EN 13982-1)

limited protection against liquid products (UNE-EN 13034)

impermeable to liquids (UNE-EN 14605)

protection against chemicals, but not gases (UNE-EN 943-1)

impermeable to aerosols (UNE-EN 14605)

Page 4: METHODOLOGY FOR TESTING PERSONAL - CEA - Accueil 3.3...Static / Dynamic test - ITENE 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 10 100 1000 m-3) Particle diameter (nm) dp 50 = 80 nm

GUIDEnano 30 month meeting– 14-15th June 2016 Barcelona

• Create and validate a new protocols adapted to nanoparticle measurement• Correlation between flame photometer and CPC-SMPS measurement• Evaluate Protection Factor of some existing PPEs (used by industrial partners)

Objective

Nanosafe, 7 – 10th November 2016, Grenoble

Background

State of the art

• If the NM is used in form of dust, the use

of disposable suits type 5 is proposed.

• If the NM is used in a colloidal solution,

the use of type 4 or 6 is suggested.

• In general, is concluded that nonwoven clothes offer better protection than

woven fabrics

Page 5: METHODOLOGY FOR TESTING PERSONAL - CEA - Accueil 3.3...Static / Dynamic test - ITENE 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 10 100 1000 m-3) Particle diameter (nm) dp 50 = 80 nm

GUIDEnano 30 month meeting– 14-15th June 2016 Barcelona

Methodology

Protocol: Flame photometer vs CPC-SMPS

Flame photometer CPC-SMPS

Measure in mass per volume (g/m3) Measure in number

Mass Median Diameter: 600 nm Count Median Diameter < 100 nm

Standard or already existing test setups Necessity to design or build specific parts of the setup

Particle nature: only NaCl or HF6 Particle nature: unlimited

Tests with human subjectsTests with human subjects only with NaCl, other

ENMs tested with mannequins or substitutive parts

Inward Leakage

Nominal Protection Factor

Nanosafe, 7 – 10th November 2016, Grenoble

Page 6: METHODOLOGY FOR TESTING PERSONAL - CEA - Accueil 3.3...Static / Dynamic test - ITENE 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 10 100 1000 m-3) Particle diameter (nm) dp 50 = 80 nm

GUIDEnano 30 month meeting– 14-15th June 2016 Barcelona

Particle size distribution

NMConcentration

(% in 1000 ml H₂O)Dpg (nm)

Type of

Essay

NaCl

0.0001 25

static /

dynamic

0.001 30

0.01 35

0.05 38

0.1 42

SiO2

0.05 38 - 110

static0.1 45 - 140

0.5 x

TiO2

0.05 xstatic

0.5 x

Static / Dynamic test - ITENE

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

10 100 1000

Part

icle

Con

cent

rati

on (c

m-3

)

Particle diameter (nm)

dp50 = 80 nm

Nanosafe, 7 – 10th November 2016, Grenoble

MethodologyDynamic test - Honeywell

Static / Dynamic test - ITENE

Page 7: METHODOLOGY FOR TESTING PERSONAL - CEA - Accueil 3.3...Static / Dynamic test - ITENE 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 10 100 1000 m-3) Particle diameter (nm) dp 50 = 80 nm

GUIDEnano 30 month meeting– 14-15th June 2016 Barcelona

1

23

4

5

67

Nanosafe, 7 – 10th November 2016, Grenoble

Methodology

Setup – Dynamic tests

• At least 10 human subjects with goodmedical conditions

• Diversity on sizing (S-M-L-XL)• 3 replicates for each test

Sampling Air Closed

Position 1 Knee Chest Waist

Position 2 Waist Knee Chest

Position 3 Chest Waist Knee

Page 8: METHODOLOGY FOR TESTING PERSONAL - CEA - Accueil 3.3...Static / Dynamic test - ITENE 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 10 100 1000 m-3) Particle diameter (nm) dp 50 = 80 nm

GUIDEnano 30 month meeting– 14-15th June 2016 Barcelona

1 23

4

HEPA

Nanosafe, 7 – 10th November 2016, Grenoble

Methodology

Setup – Static tests

• Only fabric of the suit tested• Sealed or wore by a mannequin• 3 replicates for each test

Page 9: METHODOLOGY FOR TESTING PERSONAL - CEA - Accueil 3.3...Static / Dynamic test - ITENE 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 10 100 1000 m-3) Particle diameter (nm) dp 50 = 80 nm

GUIDEnano 30 month meeting– 14-15th June 2016 Barcelona

Correlation between Flame Photometer and CPC-SMPS:

PPE: Ventilated suitFP expected: > 50000

Inward Leakage (IL) by flame photometer Inward Leakage (IL) by CPC-SMPS

0

0,001

0,002

0,003

0,004

0,005

0,006

0,007

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

IL

Temps (s)

Immobile Immobile

Walk

Raise arms

Squat

Nanosafe, 7 – 10th November 2016, Grenoble

Validation of experiments

Page 10: METHODOLOGY FOR TESTING PERSONAL - CEA - Accueil 3.3...Static / Dynamic test - ITENE 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 10 100 1000 m-3) Particle diameter (nm) dp 50 = 80 nm

GUIDEnano 30 month meeting– 14-15th June 2016 Barcelona

Immobile Walk Raise arms Squat Immobile Average

IL 0,00036 0,00261 0,00058 0,00315 0,00072 0,00148

FP 275 332 38 323 171 468 31 785 138 434 67 346

IL 0,00040 0,00265 0,00039 0,00367 0,00039 0,00150

FP 249 629 37 665 256 733 27 220 254 381 66 560

Muru BP

Essai 1:

230 L/min

Essai 2:

270 L/min

0 Walk Raise arms Squat 0 Average

IL 0,00050 0,00168 0,00029 0,00292 0,00014 0,00111

FP 200 000 59 524 344 828 34 247 714 286 90 416

IL 0,00012 0,00210 0,00014 0,00334 0,00021 0,00118

FP 833 333 47 619 714 286 29 940 476 190 84 602

Muru BP

Essai 1:

230 L/min

Essai 2:

270 L/min

Protection factor (PF) by CPC-SMPS

Correlation between Flame Photometer and CPC-SMPS:

Validation of experiments

PPE: Ventilated suitFP expected: > 50000

Protection factor (PF) by flame photometer

Page 11: METHODOLOGY FOR TESTING PERSONAL - CEA - Accueil 3.3...Static / Dynamic test - ITENE 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 10 100 1000 m-3) Particle diameter (nm) dp 50 = 80 nm

GUIDEnano 30 month meeting– 14-15th June 2016 Barcelona

0,0E+00

5,0E+03

1,0E+04

1,5E+04

2,0E+04

2,5E+04

3,0E+04

3,5E+04

4,0E+04

4,5E+04

5,0E+04

17:19:41 17:22:34 17:25:26 17:28:19 17:31:12 17:34:05 17:36:58 17:39:50 17:42:43 17:45:36

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n(#

/cm

3)

Time

CPC IN

CPC Out

stabilization stabilization

stabilization

squatswalk 5 km/h

stand still

Nanosafe, 7 – 10th November 2016, Grenoble

Results

Code Material Cat/TypeReuse/

Disp

PS1high barrier protection against chemicals(Tyvek type)

Cat III Types 3B, 4B, 5B and 6B

D*

PS2Million fine and continuous fibers made of high density polyethylene (Tychem type)

Types 5B and 6B D*

PS3 double-side PVD coated Nylon Cat III Type 4 R

PS4 Polypropylene Cat I Type 6 D

PS5 Self ventilated radioactive suit Type 1 R

Page 12: METHODOLOGY FOR TESTING PERSONAL - CEA - Accueil 3.3...Static / Dynamic test - ITENE 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 10 100 1000 m-3) Particle diameter (nm) dp 50 = 80 nm

GUIDEnano 30 month meeting– 14-15th June 2016 Barcelona

Stand Still Walking Squats

PS1PS2

PS3 PS4

%IL

%IL

%IL

%IL

Nanosafe, 7 – 10th November 2016, Grenoble

Results

High variability based on gaps in clothing due to:• Body shape• Fitting of suit• Movements which compress or deform the suit.

sleeves and the legs did not adjusted the body

IL < 5%

Page 13: METHODOLOGY FOR TESTING PERSONAL - CEA - Accueil 3.3...Static / Dynamic test - ITENE 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 10 100 1000 m-3) Particle diameter (nm) dp 50 = 80 nm

GUIDEnano 30 month meeting– 14-15th June 2016 Barcelona

0,02 0,06 0,14

4,85

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

PS1 PS2 PS3 PS4

%IL

Nanosafe, 7 – 10th November 2016, Grenoble

1 23

4

HEPA

Results

• protection efficiency against NPs achieved by the fabrics of the PS1, PS2 and PS3 was

higher than 99%.

• fabric of the PS4 offered the lowest level of protection, although it is over 95%.

Page 14: METHODOLOGY FOR TESTING PERSONAL - CEA - Accueil 3.3...Static / Dynamic test - ITENE 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 10 100 1000 m-3) Particle diameter (nm) dp 50 = 80 nm

GUIDEnano 30 month meeting– 14-15th June 2016 Barcelona

PPE Type 3 Type 5/6 Type 4/5 Type 1

Immobile 1480 2003 1182 275332

Raise arms 622 1563 822 38323

Walk at 5 km/h 762 1074 992 171468

Squat 397 407 677 31785

Total PF 397 407 417 67346

Efficiency (%) 99,75 99,75 99,76 ~ 100

Round Robin tests

Nanosafe, 7 – 10th November 2016, Grenoble

Results

Results correlate to the standard values and to the experiments

performed by ITENE

Page 15: METHODOLOGY FOR TESTING PERSONAL - CEA - Accueil 3.3...Static / Dynamic test - ITENE 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 10 100 1000 m-3) Particle diameter (nm) dp 50 = 80 nm

GUIDEnano 30 month meeting– 14-15th June 2016 Barcelona

Conclusions

Nanosafe, 7 – 10th November 2016, Grenoble

The efficiency of protective clothing against nanoparticles has not been explored widely

Many types of personal protective suits and gloves have been tested against a nanoaerosol of NaCl

Flame photometer vs CPC-SMPS comparison

New protocol adapted to measure in number

Efficiency offered by the different type of suits was upper 95% in all cases

The protection achieved by the distinct suits depended, mainly, on the fitting to the body

Page 16: METHODOLOGY FOR TESTING PERSONAL - CEA - Accueil 3.3...Static / Dynamic test - ITENE 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 10 100 1000 m-3) Particle diameter (nm) dp 50 = 80 nm

GUIDEnano 30 month meeting– 14-15th June 2016 BarcelonaNanosafe, 7 – 10th November 2016, Grenoble


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