metric system 8 th grade physical science. measurement must have a standard. a standard is an exact...
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Metric System8th Grade Physical Science
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Measurement
• Must have a standard.
• A standard is an exact quantity people agree to use for comparison.
• A standard means two people using the same object should get close to the same results.
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Standards of the past
• People used to use parts of their body to determine the length of something.
• The standard would be a part of the king’s anatomy.
• The standard yard was the distance from the king’s nose to his outstretched arm
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People would use their feet to measure distance
• This is how the term foot came about.
• Today the standard “foot” in the English system is
• 12 inches = 1 foot
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The English system is very confusing because it has so many
different values
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America is one of only countries that still uses the old English
system.
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Scientists give the English system the thumbs down
• Scientists needed an exact and uniform system of weights and measurements
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How did the metric system come about?
• During the18th century scientists measured the distance from the earth’s equator to its North Pole and divided it into ten million parts.
• This is how they came up with the length of the standard meter.
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The Meter
• The standard for the meter is kept in a safe in France.
• The meter stick is a replica of that standard
• A meter is made up of 100 centimeters and 1000 millimeters
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How the liter came about
• Scientists needed a way to measure liquids so they took 10 cm and multiplied it by its length x width x height to come up with a standard for measuring volume
• The liter is the size of 10 cm(3)
• 10cm x 10 cm x 10 cm
• Length x Width x Height = Volume
• The liter is used to measure liquids
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How the Gram came about
• Scientists needed a standard to measure mass.
• Mass is the amount of matter in an object
• They decided to take one cubic centimeter of water and call it a gram
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The time standard
• During the 15th century a scientist named Galileo set the standard of time known as the second
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The Mistake• Two different groups of
scientists were working on the calculations to send a probe to Mars.
• The American team did their calculations in the English standard and the other team did it in the metric system (OOPS!)
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The Mistake
• It cost the space program 125 million dollars
• It cost the scientists their time
• This made scientists very upset.
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Metric chart• Kilo means thousand (1000)
• Hecto means hundred (100)
• Deca means ten (10)
• Deci means one-tenth (1/10)
• Centi means one-hundredth (1/100)
• Milli means one-thousandth (1/1000)
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Copy This Down
• The Meter- Measures length
• Length is the distance between two points
• The Liter –Measures Volume
• Volume is how much space a liquid takes up
• The Gram- Measures mass
• Mass is how much matter is in an object
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Metric chart
• How to use the metric chart
• Rewrite the problem
• Check for the decimal (if no decimal, put at end)
• Where do we start? Put pencil their
• Were do we go to?
• # of hopes and direction
• Do the same with decimals
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How the metric system works
• 100cm = ___ m
• 100cm = 1.0 m
• 6.9mm = ___cm
• 6.9mm = .69 cm