mice & nustorm v. blackmore university of oxford [email protected] neutrino...
TRANSCRIPT
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MICE & nuSTORM
V. BlackmoreUniversity of [email protected]
Neutrino Oscillation WorkshopSeptember 13th, 2014
1/30 V. Blackmore: MICE & nuSTORM 13/09/14
&
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Talk Overview
• Motivation– Why do we need cooling?
• The anatomy of MICE– Progress towards Steps IV and V*
• Muon beams for the busy physicist– nuSTORM• -nucleon scattering cross-sections• Sterile searches• Contributions to future facilities
2/30 V. Blackmore: MICE & nuSTORM 13/09/14
*comments later
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A Machine for CPV Discovery
[1] CKMfitter Collaboration, 2014[2] P. Coloma, P. Huber, J. Kopp & W. Winter, 2012
3/30 V. Blackmore: MICE & nuSTORM 13/09/14
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Neutrino Factory
𝜋
Source Oscillation Detection
𝜇−
𝜈𝜇
𝜈𝑒
𝜈𝑒
𝜈𝜇
𝑒−
𝜇−
𝜇+¿¿
𝑒+¿ ¿
𝜈𝜇
𝜈𝑒
CC
CC
CC
CC
≈50%
≈50%
4/30 V. Blackmore: MICE & nuSTORM 13/09/14
Prot
on d
river
(lina
c op
tion)
Targ
et
Dec
ay C
hann
el
Bunc
her
Phas
e Ro
tatio
n
Cool
ing
to 0
.8 G
eV
0.8—
2.8
GeV
2.8—
10 G
eV
Muon decay ring
562 m𝜈
Cartoon based on IDS-NF design
Front End Muon Source Acceleration Decay Ring
Also available to use as a ‘superbeam’
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Muon Cooling
𝑥
𝑝𝑥
𝜇
Liouville’s theorem conserves phase space
Area emittance,
Accelerator only accepts in this area
Reduce by defying Lioville’s theorem,• Requires a non-conservative force• Muon lifetime limits options• Ionisation cooling is the solution
5/30 V. Blackmore: MICE & nuSTORM 13/09/14
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Sustainable Ionisation Cooling
𝑑𝜀𝑑𝑠
≅−𝜀𝑛𝛽2𝐸 ⟨ 𝑑𝐸𝑑𝑋 ⟩+ 𝛽𝑡 (13.6 MeV)2
2 𝛽3𝐸𝑚𝜇 𝑋 0
Multiple scattering
Ionisation Cooling
Measure a change in emittance
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MICEMuon Ionisation Cooling Experiment
• Goal: Demonstration of sustainable ionisation cooling (Step V)• Progress: Measurements of material properties and their influence
on cooling (Step IV)
7/30 V. Blackmore: MICE & nuSTORM 13/09/14
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1. Measure beam in Upstream Spectrometer Solenoid• 4T solenoid field• 5 SciFi tracker planes• Determine
𝜇
(mm)
(T)
(mm
) (MeV/)
0 2000 4000-4000 -2000
6.0
5.4
5.6
5.8
204
200
196
192
02
4
-2
-4
1600
1400
800
400
(mm
) beam and PID upstream MICE
Step V
8/30
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2. Reduce momentum vector in 1st absorber (LH2 or LiH). • Maximal reduction at small • Reduces
𝜇
(mm)
(T)
(mm
) (MeV/)
0 2000 4000-4000 -2000
6.0
5.4
5.6
5.8
204
200
196
192
02
4
-2
-4
1600
1400
800
400
(mm
) beam and PID upstream MICE
Step V
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3. Restore longitudinal momentum in RF cavities• remains constant• Sustainable cooling
𝜇
(mm)
(T)
(mm
) (MeV/)
0 2000 4000-4000 -2000
6.0
5.4
5.6
5.8
204
200
196
192
02
4
-2
-4
1600
1400
800
400
(mm
) beam and PID upstream MICE
Step V
10/30
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4. Reduce momentum vector in 2nd absorber (LH2 or LiH). • Maximal reduction at small • Reduces
𝜇
(mm)
(T)
(mm
) (MeV/)
0 2000 4000-4000 -2000
6.0
5.4
5.6
5.8
204
200
196
192
02
4
-2
-4
1600
1400
800
400
(mm
) beam and PID upstream MICE
Step V
11/30
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5. Measure beam in Downstream Spectrometer Solenoid• 4T solenoid field• 5 SciFi tracker planes• Determine final
𝜇
(mm)
(T)
(mm
) (MeV/)
0 2000 4000-4000 -2000
6.0
5.4
5.6
5.8
204
200
196
192
02
4
-2
-4
1600
1400
800
400
(mm
) beam and PID upstream MICE
Step V
12/30
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Progress: Step IVMeasurements of material properties and their influence on cooling
1. Characterise input beam [3]
2. Understand effect of material on beam emittance• No RF, 1 absorber module
3. Understand sustainable ionisation cooling • With RF, 2 absorber modules
2015
2017
𝑡
Entering final stages of construction, data-taking to begin early 2015
13/30 V. Blackmore: MICE & nuSTORM 13/09/14
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14/30
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MICE SummaryStep IV Step V*
Study of properties that determine cooling performance
Material properties of LH2 and LiH Yes LH2 or LiH
Observation of reduction
Demonstration of sustainable ionisation cooling
Observation of reduction with re-acceleration
No Yes
Observation of reduction and evolution
No Yes
Observation of reduction & and angular momentum evolution
No Yes
MICE RF Cavity at Fermilab
15/30 V. Blackmore: MICE & nuSTORM 13/09/14
* Recent DOE review of MAP/MICE recommended a demonstration of sustainable ionisation cooling by 2017. The collaboration is evaluating the options by which this can be achieved, including a simplified “Step ” configuration
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p p
n
170 m
Muon Decay Ring Neutrino beamTarget m
What does the impatient physicist do?
1 Simplify 2 Skip 3 Shrink
16/30 V. Blackmore: MICE & nuSTORM 13/09/14
Prot
on d
river
(lina
c op
tion)
Targ
et
Dec
ay C
hann
el
Bunc
her
Phas
e Ro
tatio
n
Cool
ing
to 0
.8 G
eV
0.8—
2.8
GeV
2.8—
10 G
eV
Muon decay ring
562 m𝜈
Cartoon based on IDS-NF design
Front End Muon Source Acceleration Decay Ring
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nuSTORM from STORed Muons
[4] CERN North Area
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nuSTORM
• Delivers beams of from the decay of 3.8 GeV stored • Known flavour composition and <1% neutrino flux precision• Precise CP-conjugate beams from storing and • Can access all of these channels with % or better accuracy:
𝜇−→𝑒−𝜈𝑒𝜈𝜇𝛾→ (1.4±0.4 )%
𝜇−→𝑒−𝜈𝑒𝜈𝜇𝑒+¿ 𝑒−→(3.4 ±0.4 )× 10− 5¿
p p
n
170 m
Muon Decay Ring Neutrino beamTarget m
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The nuSTORM Triangle
NF/HEP muon accelerator proving ground
Definitive measurement of sterile neutrinos
Precision cross-section measurements
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The nuSTORM Triangle
NF/HEP muon accelerator proving ground
Definitive measurement of sterile neutrinos
Precision cross-section measurements
20/30 V. Blackmore: MICE & STORM 13/09/14
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cross-sections at nuSTORM
• Negligible cross-section measurements at accelerator energy regimes
• Significant differences between and cross-sections below 1GeV
• cross-sections are essential for CP sensitivity in appearance experiments
[6] P. Huber, M. Mezzetto, T. Schwetz
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cross-sections at nuSTORM
• Only nuSTORM can provide 1% level of precision– Intense source– Well known fluxes– sources– and
[6] P. Huber, M. Mezzetto, T. Schwetz
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Performance with nuSTORM
Without cross-section measurements from
nuSTORM
[2] P. Coloma, P. Huber, J. Kopp & W. Winter, 2012
With cross-section measurements from
nuSTORM
Superbeams close in on CKM-level precision
23/30
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The nuSTORM Triangle
NF/HEP muon accelerator proving ground
Definitive measurement of sterile neutrinos
Precision cross-section measurements
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Neutrino oscillations at nuSTORM25/30 V. Blackmore: MICE & nuSTORM 13/09/14
From J. Spitz, “Searches for Sterile Neutrino Mixing”, nuFACT 2014
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Neutrino oscillations at nuSTORM
Far Detector @ 2km
[5] The nuSTORM collaboration
• “Wrong sign muon” oscillation signal• Requires magnetised detector
• CPT conjugate of LSND• Sensitive to current best fit to at level
26/30 V. Blackmore: MICE & nuSTORM 13/09/14
[4] The nuSTORM collaboration
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The nuSTORM Triangle
NF/HEP muon accelerator proving ground
Definitive measurement of sterile neutrinos
Precision cross-section measurements
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Muon Proving Ground
p p
n
170 m
Muon Decay Ring Neutrino beamTarget m
Muon Proving Ground
1 Physics! 2 Physics! 3 Physics!
28/30 V. Blackmore: MICE & nuSTORM 13/09/14
Prot
on d
river
(lina
c op
tion)
Targ
et
Dec
ay C
hann
el
Bunc
her
Phas
e Ro
tatio
n
Cool
ing
to 0
.8 G
eV
0.8—
2.8
GeV
2.8—
10 G
eV
Muon decay ring
562 m𝜈
Cartoon based on IDS-NF design
Front End Muon Source Acceleration Decay Ring
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Summary
• Muon-based neutrino beams are essential for precision measurement of CP.
• High-energy muon sources require a demonstration of sustainable ionisation cooling (MICE)– Influence of material parameters: 2015– Sustainable cooling: 2017
• nuSTORM requires no cooling and uses existing technology – could be built today.– Supports future neutrino oscillation programs by providing
precision measurements of -N cross sections (plus )– level sensitivity to sterile – Large step forward towards muon accelerators as a powerful new
tool for particle physics
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References[1] CKMfitter Collaboration, Preliminary results as of Winter 2014 (Moriond conference)[2] P. Coloma, P. Huber, J. Kopp & W. Winter, Systematic uncertainties in long-baseline neutrino oscillations for large , arXiv:1209.5973[3] The MICE Collaboration, Characterisation of the muon beams for the Muon Ionisation Cooling Experiment, EPJC, DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-013-2582-8[4] The nuSTORM Collaboration, Neutrinos from Stored Muons, nuSTORM, Expression of Interest to CERN, arXiv:1305.1419, Proposal to Fermilab, arXiv:1308.6822[5] D. Adey et al (the nuSTORM collaboration), Phys. Rev. D 89, 071301(R), Light sterile neutrino sensitivity at the nuSTORM facility (arXiv: 1402.5250)[6] P. Huber, M. Mezzetto, T. Schwetz, On the impact of systematical uncertainties for the CP violation measurement in superbeam experiments, arXiv:0711.2950
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