michael kachelrieß ntnu, trondheimweb.phys.ntnu.no/~mika/tours12.pdfinternal discrepancy in pao:...
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Fundamental Physics at Extreme High Energies
Michael Kachelrieß
NTNU, Trondheim
Outline:
Introduction
Testing (new?) strong interactions
Lorentz invariance violation
Topological defects & superheavy dark matter
Summary
Michael Kachelrieß (NTNU Trondheim) Fundamental Physics at UHE 8th Tours Symposium 2 / 28
Determining nuclear composition: Xmax and RMS(Xmax)Bethe-Heitler model: Nmax ∝ E0 and Xmax ∝ ln(E0)
Michael Kachelrieß (NTNU Trondheim) Fundamental Physics at UHE 8th Tours Symposium 4 / 28
Determining nuclear composition: Xmax and RMS(Xmax)Bethe-Heitler model: Nmax ∝ E0 and Xmax ∝ ln(E0)
superposition model: nuclei = A shower with E = E0/A
⇒ Xmax ∝ − ln(A) and RMS(Xmax) reduced
Michael Kachelrieß (NTNU Trondheim) Fundamental Physics at UHE 8th Tours Symposium 4 / 28
Determining nuclear composition: Xmax and RMS(Xmax)Bethe-Heitler model: Nmax ∝ E0 and Xmax ∝ ln(E0)
superposition model: nuclei = A shower with E = E0/A
⇒ Xmax ∝ − ln(A) and RMS(Xmax) reduced
Michael Kachelrieß (NTNU Trondheim) Fundamental Physics at UHE 8th Tours Symposium 4 / 28
Determining nuclear composition: Xmax and RMS(Xmax)Bethe-Heitler model: Nmax ∝ E0 and Xmax ∝ ln(E0)
superposition model: nuclei = A shower with E = E0/A
⇒ Xmax ∝ − ln(A) and RMS(Xmax) reduced
Michael Kachelrieß (NTNU Trondheim) Fundamental Physics at UHE 8th Tours Symposium 4 / 28
Determining nuclear composition: Xmax and RMS(Xmax)Bethe-Heitler model: Nmax ∝ E0 and Xmax ∝ ln(E0)
superposition model: nuclei = A shower with E = E0/A
⇒ Xmax ∝ − ln(A) and RMS(Xmax) reduced
RMS(Xmax) has smaller theoretical error than Xmax
Michael Kachelrieß (NTNU Trondheim) Fundamental Physics at UHE 8th Tours Symposium 4 / 28
Restricting QCD: BFKL, Color Glass Condensates, . . .
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
108 109 1010 1011
Xm
ax [g
/cm
2 ]
energy [GeV]
Seneca 1.2
Sibyll (p,Fe)BBL r.c. (p)BBL f.c. (p)
Hires Stereo
[Drescher, Dumitru, Strikman ’04 ]
Michael Kachelrieß (NTNU Trondheim) Fundamental Physics at UHE 8th Tours Symposium 5 / 28
Nuclear composition via Xmax:
/decade] 18 19
]2>
[g/c
mm
ax<X
650
700
750
800
850
proton
iron
QGSJET01QGSJETIISibyll2.1EPOSv1.99
Auger 2009
HiRes ApJ 2005
Michael Kachelrieß (NTNU Trondheim) Fundamental Physics at UHE 8th Tours Symposium 6 / 28
Nuclear composition via RMS(Xmax) from Auger:
E [eV]
1810 1910
E [eV]
1810 1910
]2)
[g/c
mm
axR
MS
(X
10
20
30
40
50
60
70 proton
iron
Michael Kachelrieß (NTNU Trondheim) Fundamental Physics at UHE 8th Tours Symposium 7 / 28
Mixed composition:
Mean 744.8RMS 62.02
]2 [g/cmmaxX600 650 700 750 800 850 900 9500
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
Mean 744.8RMS 62.02
70% proton
30% iron
sum
σ2 =∑
i
fiσ2i +
∑
i<j
fifj(Xmax,i − Xmax,j)2
Michael Kachelrieß (NTNU Trondheim) Fundamental Physics at UHE 8th Tours Symposium 8 / 28
Nuclear composition from HiRes/TA:MC/Data (QGSJET-II)HiRes TA
Proton
Fe
•Proton
•Fe
Preliminary
Michael Kachelrieß (NTNU Trondheim) Fundamental Physics at UHE 8th Tours Symposium 9 / 28
What goes wrong?
internal discrepancy in PAO:
AGN correlations favor protons
RMS(Xmax) favors heavy
energy spectrum, Xmax and RMS(Xmax) difficult to fit
experimental discrepancy: HiRes/TA ⇔ Auger
Xmax
RMS(Xmax)
discrepancy experiment ⇔ theory:
energy ground array/fluoresence ∼ 1.2
muon number exp/MC ∼ 2
Michael Kachelrieß (NTNU Trondheim) Fundamental Physics at UHE 8th Tours Symposium 10 / 28
What goes wrong?
internal discrepancy in PAO:
AGN correlations favor protons
RMS(Xmax) favors heavy
energy spectrum, Xmax and RMS(Xmax) difficult to fit
experimental discrepancy: HiRes/TA ⇔ Auger
Xmax
RMS(Xmax)
discrepancy experiment ⇔ theory:
energy ground array/fluoresence ∼ 1.2
muon number exp/MC ∼ 2
Michael Kachelrieß (NTNU Trondheim) Fundamental Physics at UHE 8th Tours Symposium 10 / 28
What goes wrong?
internal discrepancy in PAO:
AGN correlations favor protons
RMS(Xmax) favors heavy
energy spectrum, Xmax and RMS(Xmax) difficult to fit
experimental discrepancy: HiRes/TA ⇔ Auger
Xmax
RMS(Xmax)
discrepancy experiment ⇔ theory:
energy ground array/fluoresence ∼ 1.2
muon number exp/MC ∼ 2
Michael Kachelrieß (NTNU Trondheim) Fundamental Physics at UHE 8th Tours Symposium 10 / 28
Comparison of MCs to LHC data: Energy flow
'()*'+),-)./00/1)+234/)05/6)7/1/)891024:;91;6)
./0PYTHIA as typical HEP model Cosmic ray interaction models
Michael Kachelrieß (NTNU Trondheim) Fundamental Physics at UHE 8th Tours Symposium 11 / 28
What can/should be changed?
/1"*,$:A$,G84)4I$;4:?($
G5/;+ #67+ H<
6-=I+ JK#
<6-=+
N:>B:()@:4&"+<)"8$ "$ #$D(&+33:#"8J$ #$D4+88:#"8J$
K)C"F$*:>B:()@:4$ "$D>"+4$:A$>)CJ$ #$D>"+4$:A$>)CJ$ "$D?8:+F"8$==$3:,(J$
N8:(($("*@:4$$"$ $$$===$ #$D(&+33:#"8J$ #$D4+88:#"8J$
H)18+*@<"$A8+*A"3#$ "$ #$D(&+33:#"8J$ #$D4+88:#"8J$
KG3@B3)*),'$"$ "$ #$D(&+33:#"8J$ #$D4+88:#"8J$
kW$A8+*@:4$$$#$ "$ $===$ $===$
O,8+4I"4"((X$Q=Q?+8$ $===$ $===$ $===$
Michael Kachelrieß (NTNU Trondheim) Fundamental Physics at UHE 8th Tours Symposium 12 / 28
What can/should be changed?
/1"*,$:A$,G84)4I$;4:?($
G5/;+ #67+ H<
6-=I+ JK#
<6-=+
N:>B:()@:4&"+<)"8$ "$ #$D(&+33:#"8J$ #$D4+88:#"8J$
K)C"F$*:>B:()@:4$ "$D>"+4$:A$>)CJ$ #$D>"+4$:A$>)CJ$ "$D?8:+F"8$==$3:,(J$
N8:(($("*@:4$$"$ $$$===$ #$D(&+33:#"8J$ #$D4+88:#"8J$
H)18+*@<"$A8+*A"3#$ "$ #$D(&+33:#"8J$ #$D4+88:#"8J$
KG3@B3)*),'$"$ "$ #$D(&+33:#"8J$ #$D4+88:#"8J$
kW$A8+*@:4$$$#$ "$ $===$ $===$
O,8+4I"4"((X$Q=Q?+8$ $===$ $===$ $===$
only option: reduce π0
“restoration of chiral symmetry?” [Farrar ’12 ]
Michael Kachelrieß (NTNU Trondheim) Fundamental Physics at UHE 8th Tours Symposium 12 / 28
High energy is not enough
Generically, new physics requires not only large s, but also largemomentum transfer t
Michael Kachelrieß (NTNU Trondheim) Fundamental Physics at UHE 8th Tours Symposium 13 / 28
High energy is not enough
Generically, new physics requires not only large s, but also largemomentum transfer t
0
1
2
0 2 4 6 b, Fm
b σ
inel
(b)
p+14N (1 PeV) QGSJET II-03
Michael Kachelrieß (NTNU Trondheim) Fundamental Physics at UHE 8th Tours Symposium 13 / 28
High energy is not enough
Generically, new physics requires not only large s, but also largemomentum transfer t
0
1
2
0 2 4 6 b, Fm
b σ
inel
(b)
p+14N (1 PeV) QGSJET II-03
Exceptions: large extra dimensions, classicalisation, . . .
Michael Kachelrieß (NTNU Trondheim) Fundamental Physics at UHE 8th Tours Symposium 13 / 28
Large extra dimensions
t chanel exchange of KK gravitons σ ∼ s2/M6D
black hole production, if b <∼ Rs with σ ∼ πR2s
Michael Kachelrieß (NTNU Trondheim) Fundamental Physics at UHE 8th Tours Symposium 14 / 28
Large extra dimensionst chanel exchange of KK gravitons σ ∼ s2/M6
D
black hole production, if b <∼ Rs with σ ∼ πR2s
Michael Kachelrieß (NTNU Trondheim) Fundamental Physics at UHE 8th Tours Symposium 14 / 28
Large extra dimensions
t chanel exchange of KK gravitons σ ∼ s2/M6D
black hole production, if b <∼ Rs with σ ∼ πR2s
no deviations from SM at LHC
Michael Kachelrieß (NTNU Trondheim) Fundamental Physics at UHE 8th Tours Symposium 14 / 28
Lorentz invariance violation (LIV):
motivation: has Planck length LPl =√
~G/c3 any role for space-timedespite SR?
Michael Kachelrieß (NTNU Trondheim) Fundamental Physics at UHE 8th Tours Symposium 15 / 28
Lorentz invariance violation (LIV):
motivation: has Planck length LPl =√
~G/c3 any role for space-timedespite SR?
if yes: modifies dispersion relation
E2 = m2 + p2 + f(E, p, MPl)
= m2 + p2 + η(1)|p|MPl + η(2)|p|2 + η(3)|p|3/MPl + . . .
Michael Kachelrieß (NTNU Trondheim) Fundamental Physics at UHE 8th Tours Symposium 15 / 28
Lorentz invariance violation (LIV):
motivation: has Planck length LPl =√
~G/c3 any role for space-timedespite SR?
if yes: modifies dispersion relation
E2 = m2 + p2 + f(E, p, MPl)
= m2 + p2 + η(1)|p|MPl + η(2)|p|2 + η(3)|p|3/MPl + . . .
⇒ ToF delays (Opera, GRBs, AGN flares, SN1987a)⇒ reaction thresholds: changes lower, introduces upper, opens new
channels⇒ vacuum birefringence⇒ generically preferred reference frame⇒ sideral anisotropies⇒ generically breaking of CPT
Michael Kachelrieß (NTNU Trondheim) Fundamental Physics at UHE 8th Tours Symposium 15 / 28
Lorentz invariance violation (LIV):
motivation: has Planck length LPl =√
~G/c3 any role for space-timedespite SR?
if yes: modifies dispersion relation
E2 = m2 + p2 + f(E, p, MPl)
= m2 + p2 + η(1)|p|MPl + η(2)|p|2 + η(3)|p|3/MPl + . . .
⇒ ToF delays (Opera, GRBs, AGN flares, SN1987a)⇒ reaction thresholds: changes lower, introduces upper, opens new
channels⇒ vacuum birefringence⇒ generically preferred reference frame⇒ sideral anisotropies⇒ generically breaking of CPT
Michael Kachelrieß (NTNU Trondheim) Fundamental Physics at UHE 8th Tours Symposium 15 / 28
Lorentz invariance violation (LIV):
motivation: has Planck length LPl =√
~G/c3 any role for space-timedespite SR?
if yes: modifies dispersion relation
E2 = m2 + p2 + f(E, p, MPl)
= m2 + p2 + η(1)|p|MPl + η(2)|p|2 + η(3)|p|3/MPl + . . .
⇒ ToF delays (Opera, GRBs, AGN flares, SN1987a)⇒ reaction thresholds: changes lower, introduces upper, opens new
channels⇒ vacuum birefringence⇒ generically preferred reference frame⇒ sideral anisotropies⇒ generically breaking of CPT
Michael Kachelrieß (NTNU Trondheim) Fundamental Physics at UHE 8th Tours Symposium 15 / 28
Lorentz invariance violation (LIV):
motivation: has Planck length LPl =√
~G/c3 any role for space-timedespite SR?
if yes: modifies dispersion relation
E2 = m2 + p2 + f(E, p, MPl)
= m2 + p2 + η(1)|p|MPl + η(2)|p|2 + η(3)|p|3/MPl + . . .
⇒ ToF delays (Opera, GRBs, AGN flares, SN1987a)⇒ reaction thresholds: changes lower, introduces upper, opens new
channels⇒ vacuum birefringence⇒ generically preferred reference frame⇒ sideral anisotropies⇒ generically breaking of CPT
Michael Kachelrieß (NTNU Trondheim) Fundamental Physics at UHE 8th Tours Symposium 15 / 28
Lorentz invariance violation (LIV):
motivation: has Planck length LPl =√
~G/c3 any role for space-timedespite SR?
if yes: modifies dispersion relation
E2 = m2 + p2 + f(E, p, MPl)
= m2 + p2 + η(1)|p|MPl + η(2)|p|2 + η(3)|p|3/MPl + . . .
⇒ ToF delays (Opera, GRBs, AGN flares, SN1987a)⇒ reaction thresholds: changes lower, introduces upper, opens new
channels⇒ vacuum birefringence⇒ generically preferred reference frame⇒ sideral anisotropies⇒ generically breaking of CPT
Michael Kachelrieß (NTNU Trondheim) Fundamental Physics at UHE 8th Tours Symposium 15 / 28
Lorentz invariance violation (LIV):
motivation: has Planck length LPl =√
~G/c3 any role for space-timedespite SR?
if yes: modifies dispersion relation
E2 = m2 + p2 + f(E, p, MPl)
= m2 + p2 + η(1)|p|MPl + η(2)|p|2 + η(3)|p|3/MPl + . . .
⇒ ToF delays (Opera, GRBs, AGN flares, SN1987a)⇒ reaction thresholds: changes lower, introduces upper, opens new
channels⇒ vacuum birefringence⇒ generically preferred reference frame⇒ sideral anisotropies⇒ generically breaking of CPT
Michael Kachelrieß (NTNU Trondheim) Fundamental Physics at UHE 8th Tours Symposium 15 / 28
Lorentz invariance violation (LIV):
implementation:
EFT: SM plus composite operators of SM⊕ tensor fields withnon-zero vev ⇒ preferred reference system
Michael Kachelrieß (NTNU Trondheim) Fundamental Physics at UHE 8th Tours Symposium 16 / 28
Lorentz invariance violation (LIV):
implementation:
EFT: SM plus composite operators of SM⊕ tensor fields withnon-zero vev ⇒ preferred reference system
Example: gauge-invariant, CPT-even modification of QED
L = −1
4(ηµρηνσ − κµνρσ) (∂µAν − ∂νAµ) (∂ρAσ − ∂σAρ)
κ : 20 − 1 = 19 independent dimensionless numbers to be limited10 lead to birefringence, |κ| < 10−32, 9 constraint by UHECR
Michael Kachelrieß (NTNU Trondheim) Fundamental Physics at UHE 8th Tours Symposium 16 / 28
Lorentz invariance violation (LIV):
implementation:
EFT: SM plus composite operators of SM⊕ tensor fields withnon-zero vev ⇒ preferred reference system
Example: gauge-invariant, CPT-even modification of QED
L = −1
4(ηµρηνσ − κµνρσ) (∂µAν − ∂νAµ) (∂ρAσ − ∂σAρ)
κ : 20 − 1 = 19 independent dimensionless numbers to be limited10 lead to birefringence, |κ| < 10−32, 9 constraint by UHECR
Double special relativity (DSR): GR: laws of physics do not contain any scale of length or velocity ER: laws of physics do not contain any scale of length, but one
fundamental velocity, c DSR: laws of physics contain a fundamental scale of length and of
velocity
Michael Kachelrieß (NTNU Trondheim) Fundamental Physics at UHE 8th Tours Symposium 16 / 28
Lorentz invariance violation (LIV):
implementation:
EFT: SM plus composite operators of SM⊕ tensor fields withnon-zero vev ⇒ preferred reference system
Example: gauge-invariant, CPT-even modification of QED
L = −1
4(ηµρηνσ − κµνρσ) (∂µAν − ∂νAµ) (∂ρAσ − ∂σAρ)
κ : 20 − 1 = 19 independent dimensionless numbers to be limited10 lead to birefringence, |κ| < 10−32, 9 constraint by UHECR
Double special relativity (DSR): GR: laws of physics do not contain any scale of length or velocity ER: laws of physics do not contain any scale of length, but one
fundamental velocity, c DSR: laws of physics contain a fundamental scale of length and of
velocity
Michael Kachelrieß (NTNU Trondheim) Fundamental Physics at UHE 8th Tours Symposium 16 / 28
Lorentz invariance violation (LIV):
implementation:
EFT: SM plus composite operators of SM⊕ tensor fields withnon-zero vev ⇒ preferred reference system
Example: gauge-invariant, CPT-even modification of QED
L = −1
4(ηµρηνσ − κµνρσ) (∂µAν − ∂νAµ) (∂ρAσ − ∂σAρ)
κ : 20 − 1 = 19 independent dimensionless numbers to be limited10 lead to birefringence, |κ| < 10−32, 9 constraint by UHECR
Double special relativity (DSR): GR: laws of physics do not contain any scale of length or velocity ER: laws of physics do not contain any scale of length, but one
fundamental velocity, c DSR: laws of physics contain a fundamental scale of length and of
velocity
Michael Kachelrieß (NTNU Trondheim) Fundamental Physics at UHE 8th Tours Symposium 16 / 28
Lorentz invariance violation:
LIV becomes important, when
m2
p2∼
pn−2
Mn−2Pl
or
pcr ∼n
√
m2Mn−2Pl
n pcr for ν pcr for e− pcr for p
2 p ∼ mν ∼ 1 eV p ∼ me p ∼ mp
3 ∼GeV ∼ 10 TeV ∼ 1 PeV
4 ∼ 100 TeV ∼ 100 PeV ∼ 3 EeV
Michael Kachelrieß (NTNU Trondheim) Fundamental Physics at UHE 8th Tours Symposium 17 / 28
Bounds on LIV parameters from UHECRs:
threshold for GZK may be changed
GZK photons: upper threshold Emax for γγ → e+e− introduced
if Emax ≪ 1020 eV, photon fraction too large
if some UHE photons observed, photon decay γ → e+e− can belimited
Michael Kachelrieß (NTNU Trondheim) Fundamental Physics at UHE 8th Tours Symposium 18 / 28
Bounds on dim=5 LIV parameters: ξ ↔ e and η ↔ γ
If LIV exists, then probably not of EFT typeMichael Kachelrieß (NTNU Trondheim) Fundamental Physics at UHE 8th Tours Symposium 19 / 28
Bounds on dim=6 LIV parameters: ξ ↔ e and η ↔ γ
If LIV exists, then probably not of EFT typeMichael Kachelrieß (NTNU Trondheim) Fundamental Physics at UHE 8th Tours Symposium 19 / 28
Bounds on dim=6 LIV parameters: ξ ↔ e and η ↔ γ
If LIV exists, then probably not of EFT type
Michael Kachelrieß (NTNU Trondheim) Fundamental Physics at UHE 8th Tours Symposium 19 / 28
Bottom-up versus top-down models
Bottom-up models
acceleration in electromagnetic fields
⇒ charged particles: protons, nuclei, electrons
photons and neutrinos as secondaries
Top-down models
relics from early universe ↔ DM non-thermal or thermal point particle or non-perturbative solutions stable or decaying
fragmentation products: mainly photons, neutrinos
Michael Kachelrieß (NTNU Trondheim) Fundamental Physics at UHE 8th Tours Symposium 20 / 28
Top-Down Models
UHECR primaries are produced by decays of supermassive particle X withMX >∼ 1012 GeV.
topological defects: monopoles, strings, . . .
superheavy metastable particles
Advantages:
no acceleration problem
no visible sources
if X ∈ CDM, no GZK-cutoff
theoretically motivated; testable predictions
Michael Kachelrieß (NTNU Trondheim) Fundamental Physics at UHE 8th Tours Symposium 21 / 28
Gravitational creation of superheavy matter
Small fluctuations of field Φ obey
ϕk +[
k2 + m2eff(τ)
]
ϕk = 0
Michael Kachelrieß (NTNU Trondheim) Fundamental Physics at UHE 8th Tours Symposium 22 / 28
Gravitational creation of superheavy matter
Small fluctuations of field Φ obey
ϕk +[
k2 + m2eff(τ)
]
ϕk = 0
If meff is time dependent, vacuum fluctuations will be transformedinto real particles.
Michael Kachelrieß (NTNU Trondheim) Fundamental Physics at UHE 8th Tours Symposium 22 / 28
Gravitational creation of superheavy matter
Small fluctuations of field Φ obey
ϕk +[
k2 + m2eff(τ)
]
ϕk = 0
If meff is time dependent, vacuum fluctuations will be transformedinto real particles.
⇒ expansion of Universe,
m2eff = M2a2 + (6ξ − 1)
a′′
a
leads to particle production
Michael Kachelrieß (NTNU Trondheim) Fundamental Physics at UHE 8th Tours Symposium 22 / 28
Gravitational creation of superheavy matter
Small fluctuations of field Φ obey
ϕk +[
k2 + m2eff(τ)
]
ϕk = 0
If meff is time dependent, vacuum fluctuations will be transformedinto real particles.
⇒ expansion of Universe,
m2eff = M2a2 + (6ξ − 1)
a′′
a
leads to particle production
In inflationary cosmology
ΩXh2 ∼
(
MX
1012GeV
)2 TRH
109GeV
dependent only on cosmology, for MX <∼ HI
Michael Kachelrieß (NTNU Trondheim) Fundamental Physics at UHE 8th Tours Symposium 22 / 28
Signatures of SHDM decays
flat spectra dE/E1.9 up to mX/2
E3J(E
)/m
−2s−
1eV
2
E/eV
1e+23
1e+24
1e+25
1e+26
1e+18 1e+19 1e+20 1e+21
Michael Kachelrieß (NTNU Trondheim) Fundamental Physics at UHE 8th Tours Symposium 23 / 28
Signatures of SHDM decays
flat spectra dE/E1.9 up to mX/2
composition: γ/p ≫ 1, large neutrino fluxes, no nuclei
threshold energy [eV]
1910 2010
phot
on fr
actio
n
−210
−110
1
threshold energy [eV]
1910 2010
phot
on fr
actio
n
−210
−110
1
SHDM
SHDM’
TD
Z Burst
GZK
HP HP
A1
A1 A2
AY
Y
Y
Auger SD
Auger SD
Auger SD
Auger HYB
Michael Kachelrieß (NTNU Trondheim) Fundamental Physics at UHE 8th Tours Symposium 23 / 28
Signatures of SHDM decays
flat spectra dE/E1.9 up to mX/2
composition: γ/p ≫ 1, large neutrino fluxes, no nuclei
galactic anisotropy:
0 20 401
10
NFW
1020 eV 6x1019 eV 3x1019 eV 1019 ev
Michael Kachelrieß (NTNU Trondheim) Fundamental Physics at UHE 8th Tours Symposium 23 / 28
Topological defect models+ “generic” in SUSY-GUTs+ produced during reheating
- typical density: one per horizon/correlation length- main energy loss low-energy radiation?
Michael Kachelrieß (NTNU Trondheim) Fundamental Physics at UHE 8th Tours Symposium 24 / 28
Topological defect models [Allen, Shellard ’06 ]
box 2ct
matterepoch
scalingregime
Michael Kachelrieß (NTNU Trondheim) Fundamental Physics at UHE 8th Tours Symposium 25 / 28
Topological defect models
+ “generic” in SUSY-GUTs
+ produced during reheating
- typical density: one per horizon/correlation length
- main energy loss low-energy radiation?
favourable models for UHECRs:
monopole-antimonopole pairs
hybrid defects: cosmic necklaces
Michael Kachelrieß (NTNU Trondheim) Fundamental Physics at UHE 8th Tours Symposium 26 / 28
Topological defect models
+ “generic” in SUSY-GUTs
+ produced during reheating
- typical density: one per horizon/correlation length
- main energy loss low-energy radiation?
favourable models for UHECRs:
monopole-antimonopole pairs
hybrid defects: cosmic necklaces G → H ⊗ U(1) → H ⊗ Z2
monopoles M ∼ ηm/e connected by strings µs ∼ η2
s
parameter r = M/(µd): r ≪ 1 normal string dynamics r ≫ 1 non-rel. string network
Michael Kachelrieß (NTNU Trondheim) Fundamental Physics at UHE 8th Tours Symposium 26 / 28
Status of topological defect models – necklaces:
E3J(E
)/m
−2s−
1eV
2
E/eV
ν
p γ
p+γ
1e+22
1e+23
1e+24
1e+25
1e+26
1e+27
1e+18 1e+19 1e+20 1e+21 1e+22
Michael Kachelrieß (NTNU Trondheim) Fundamental Physics at UHE 8th Tours Symposium 27 / 28
Status of topological defect models – necklaces:
E3J(E
)/m
−2s−
1eV
2
E/eV
ν
p γ
p+γ
1e+22
1e+23
1e+24
1e+25
1e+26
1e+27
1e+18 1e+19 1e+20 1e+21 1e+22
• large neutrino fluxes possible• UHE photon fraction reduced
Michael Kachelrieß (NTNU Trondheim) Fundamental Physics at UHE 8th Tours Symposium 27 / 28
Summarycomposition of UHECR is crucial both for astrophysics and stronginteractions
exremely strong limits on ETF-like LIV
LHC limits on large extra dimensions
no positive evidence for superheavy dark matter from its three keysignatures:
spectral shape photons galactic anisotropy
SHDM remains an interesting DM candidate
topological defects are generic prediction of (SUSY-) GUTs
⇒ both should be searched for as subdominant sources of UHECRs;potential for UHE neutrinos
Michael Kachelrieß (NTNU Trondheim) Fundamental Physics at UHE 8th Tours Symposium 28 / 28
Summarycomposition of UHECR is crucial both for astrophysics and stronginteractions
exremely strong limits on ETF-like LIV
LHC limits on large extra dimensions
no positive evidence for superheavy dark matter from its three keysignatures:
spectral shape photons galactic anisotropy
SHDM remains an interesting DM candidate
topological defects are generic prediction of (SUSY-) GUTs
⇒ both should be searched for as subdominant sources of UHECRs;potential for UHE neutrinos
Michael Kachelrieß (NTNU Trondheim) Fundamental Physics at UHE 8th Tours Symposium 28 / 28
Summarycomposition of UHECR is crucial both for astrophysics and stronginteractions
exremely strong limits on ETF-like LIV
LHC limits on large extra dimensions
no positive evidence for superheavy dark matter from its three keysignatures:
spectral shape photons galactic anisotropy
SHDM remains an interesting DM candidate
topological defects are generic prediction of (SUSY-) GUTs
⇒ both should be searched for as subdominant sources of UHECRs;potential for UHE neutrinos
Michael Kachelrieß (NTNU Trondheim) Fundamental Physics at UHE 8th Tours Symposium 28 / 28
Summarycomposition of UHECR is crucial both for astrophysics and stronginteractions
exremely strong limits on ETF-like LIV
LHC limits on large extra dimensions
no positive evidence for superheavy dark matter from its three keysignatures:
spectral shape photons galactic anisotropy
SHDM remains an interesting DM candidate
topological defects are generic prediction of (SUSY-) GUTs
⇒ both should be searched for as subdominant sources of UHECRs;potential for UHE neutrinos
Michael Kachelrieß (NTNU Trondheim) Fundamental Physics at UHE 8th Tours Symposium 28 / 28
Summarycomposition of UHECR is crucial both for astrophysics and stronginteractions
exremely strong limits on ETF-like LIV
LHC limits on large extra dimensions
no positive evidence for superheavy dark matter from its three keysignatures:
spectral shape photons galactic anisotropy
SHDM remains an interesting DM candidate
topological defects are generic prediction of (SUSY-) GUTs
⇒ both should be searched for as subdominant sources of UHECRs;potential for UHE neutrinos
Michael Kachelrieß (NTNU Trondheim) Fundamental Physics at UHE 8th Tours Symposium 28 / 28