microbiology and biotechnology. microbiology aims 1. investigate the presence of micro- organisms in...
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Microbiology and
Biotechnology
Microbiology Aims
1. Investigate the presence of micro-organisms in air and soil
2. List three common illnesses caused by viruses and three caused by bacteria
What is a micro-organism?
An organism which is very small.Examples of micro-organisms:
• Bacteria – e.g. E.coli, Samonella
• Virus - e.g. flu virus, HIV
• Fungi
click on the image to find out…
Bacteria• A single cell organism • Multiply quickly• Helpful in Antibiotics and Decay• Not so good as they Spoil food,
cause tooth decay and diseases
click on the title to see…
Each cell divides to give two/four/eight…..
Micro-organisms need:
• Food• Correct temperature• Suitable medium on which to grow…
Bacteria grow quickly between 300C and 400C
Micro-organisms can be easily seen growing in colonies if a clear medium is usede.g.agar jellygelatin
http://www.sciencehound.com/science_project_community/node/5333
Colonies of bacteria are seen as ‘blobs’ on the surface of the medium…
Different soils contain different bacteria
http://www.ceh.ac.uk/sections/epfs/Soilqualityandbiologicalindicators.htm
ANTIBIOTICS…these are chemical made by some micro-organisms to kill bacteria.
• Penicillin was ‘discovered’ in 1928 by Sir Alexander Fleming
• White blood cells do the same job.
http://www.uio.no/conferences/imc7/NFotm2000/February2000.htm
Penicillin is produced by the fungus we call ‘blue mould’
Virus
• They are parasites that attack cells
• They multiply inside our cells and then burst out killing the cell
This image is of a bird flu virus
http://www.influenza-pandemic.com/page1.html
BIRD FLU VIRUS…an epidemic of flu began spreading through the worlds bird population in 2005.
http://library.thinkquest.org/26467/enviromental_health.htm
This is one way a virus can spread. Are there others?
Which are caused by bacteria and which by virus?
food poisoningmeningitis
bronchitis
flu
cold
septic throat
AIDS
click here to check your answers
BACTERIAL VIRAL
food poisoning cold
septic throat flu
bronchitis AIDS
meningitis can be caused by either
YOUR TASK: find out which micro-organism causes the following:
verucca
spotspneumonia
warts
rabies
ulcers
TB
Fungi
• Not all are small• No chlorophyll so
live on organic matter.
• Yeast and producing antibiotics the main uses
• Also athlete’s foot and other poisons
Bacteria in vaccinationsYeast in bread production
Fungi in antibiotic productionYeast in alcohol production
Do you know more uses?
Enzymes in contact lens cleaners
Bacteria in yogurt production
MedicineIndustry
Some uses of biotechnology in…
Biotechnology is the use of living things
to make useful products
H/W
• P144• Q 2-5