Load Balancer

MDB

HTTP ProxyIIS

Client Access

RPC CA

Mailbox

IIS

RPS OWA, EAS, EWS, ECP, OAB

POP, IMAP SMTP UM

POP IMAP Transport UM

SMTPPOP, IMAPHTTP

MailQ

RpcProxy

SMTP

SIP

RedirectSIP + RTP

POP/IMAPOutlook Web App Outlook EAS EAC PowerShell

A Single Common Namespace ExampleGeographical DNS Solution

Sue (somewhere in NA)

DNS Resolution

DAG

VIP #1 VIP #2

Sue (travelingin APAC)DNS Resolution via Geo-DNS

Round-Robin between # of VIPs

DAG

VIP #3 VIP #4

mail.contoso.com

Round-Robin between # of VIPs

10

Layer 4 LB

CAS

IIS

HTTP Proxy

MBX

Protocol Head

DB

Layer 4 LB

CAS

IIS

HTTP Proxy

MBX

Protocol Head

DB

Site BoundaryHTTP

Local Proxy Request OWA Cross-Site Redirect RequestMBX

Protocol Head

DB

Site Boundary

Cross-Site Proxy Request

HTTP

HTTPHTTP HTTP

11

CAS

IIS

HTTP Proxy

Exchange 2010 Legacy Coexistence Layer 4 LB

CAS 2013

IIS

HTTP Proxy

MBX2013

Protocol Head

DB

Exchange 2010 CAS

Protocol Head

MBX

Store

DB

Site Boundary

E2010 CAS

Protocol Head

MBX

Store

DB

RPC RPC

Cross-Site Proxy Request

Layer 7 LBOWA

Cross-SiteRedirect Request

HTTP

12

Legacy CoexistenceProtocol E2007 user accessing E2010

namespaceE2007 user accessing E2013 namespace

E2010 user accessing E2013 namespace

Requires Legacy Namespace Legacy Namespace No additional namespaces

OWA • Same AD site: silent or SSO FBA redirect• Externally facing AD site: manual or

silent/SSO cross-site redirect• Internally facing AD site: proxy

Silent redirect (not SSO) to CAS 2007 externally facing URL

• Proxy to CAS 2010• Cross-site silent redirect (not SSO), which may redirect to CAS

2010 or CAS 2013

Exchange ActiveSync

• EAS v12.1+ : Autodiscover & redirect • Older EAS devices: proxy

Proxy to MBX 2013 Proxy to CAS 2010

Outlook Anywhere Direct CAS 2010 support Proxy to CAS 2007 Proxy to CAS 2010

Autodiscover Exchange 2010 answers Autodiscover query for 2007 User

Exchange 2013 answers Autodiscover query for 2007 User

Proxy to CAS 2010

EWS Uses Autodiscover to find CAS 2007 EWS External URL

Uses Autodiscover to find CAS 2007 EWS External URL

Proxy to CAS 2010

POP/IMAP Proxy Proxy to CAS 2007 Proxy to CAS 2010

OAB Direct CAS 2010 support Proxy to CAS 2007 Proxy to CAS 2010

RPS n/a n/a Proxy to CAS 2010

ECP n/a n/a • Proxy to CAS 2010• Cross-site redirect, which may redirect to CAS 2010 or CAS

2013

13

What you need to control connectivity flow

14

17

Front-End Transport Pipeline

SMTP SendSMTP ReceiveProtocol Agents

SMTP to MBX 2013SMTP from MBX 2013

External SMTP External SMTP

Hub Selector

18

19

1. FET accepts initial SMTP conversation if source passes connection filtering

2. FET determines the recipient type/location via hub selector

3. Proxies the message to the appropriate destination

1. MBX 2013 determines if mail recipient is a remote destination and selects a FET within local site if the FrontEndProxyEnabled parameter on Send Connector is set to $true

2. MBX 2013 connects to FET and initiates SMTP conversation

3. FET proxies outbound connection to appropriate destination

20

21

30

2560

2560

2560

2560

25602560

2560

2560

2560

2560

Per DB cache usage in Megabytes10 Active DBs0 Passive DBs

10 Max Allowed Active DBs

100

GB S

yste

m M

emor

y

ESE Cache~25GB

Search Foundations Cache ~25GB

Other, IIS, EAS, OWA, OS, etc…

50GB

100

GB S

yste

m M

emor

y

ESE Cache~25GB

Search Foundations Cache ~25GB

Other, IIS, EAS, OWA, OS, etc…

50GB DB1, 2560

DB2, 2560

DB3, 2560

DB4, 2560

DB5, 2560

DB6, 512DB7, 512DB8, 512DB9, 512DB10, 512

Remaining Pool, 14336

Per DB cache usage in Megabytes5 Active DBs5 Passive DBs

10 Max Allowed Active DBs

100

GB S

yste

m M

emor

y

ESE Cache~25GB

Search Foundations Cache ~25GB

Other, IIS, EAS, OWA, OS, etc…

50GB 4267

4267

42674267

4267

853

853853

853853

Per DB cache usage in Megabytes5 Active DBs5 Passive DBs

5 Max Active DBs Allowed

Exchange 5.59gb, 18gb

10k-15k RPM25mb MBX

Exchange 200036gb

10k-15k RPM100mb MBX

Exchange 200372-146gb

10k-15k RPM250mb MBX

Exchange 2007300-600gb7200 RPM2GB MBX

Exchange 20102TB

7200 RPM10GB MBX

Exchange 20134-8TB

7200 RPM25GB MBX

http://research.microsoft.com/apps/pubs/default.aspx?id=64151Hotmail Gmail Google File System

Netflix Amazon S3 Facebook

Online | Cached Modes48 | 76% IOPS reduction (disk IOPS capacity not expected to change)

18 | 41% Average RPC Latency reduction

17 | 34% increase in CPU per RPC processed (offset by additional CPU cores)

~4X increase in store memory overhead (~4GB vs. ~1GB not including ESE cache)

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

DB IOPS/MAILBOX

0.65

0.16

E14SP1 E15 Build 466

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

RPC AVERAGE LATENCY

MCYCLES PER RPC PACKET

STORE MEMORY PER MAILBOX

(MB)

3.99

3.09

0.74

2.35

3.75

3.16

E14SP1 E15 Build 46637

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

Exchange 2003 Exchange 2007 Exchange 2010 Exchange 2013

DB IOPS/Mailbox

Exchange 2003Exchange 2007Exchange 2010Exchange 2013

~95.5% Reduction!

1 Day 150 11 MB1 Month 3300 242 MB

1 Year 39000 2.8 GB2 Years 78000 5.6 GB4 Years 156000 11.2 GB

MBX2013

CAS2013

MBX2013

MBX2013

Public logon

Private logon

Public logon

Content Mailbox

Hierarchy Mailbox

Core

Catalog

CTS

Incoming Documents

Filter Word Break

Content XForm

MARS Writer

Incoming Queries

“CTS Flow”

IMSContent XForm Query Parse

“IMS Flow”

Content Transformation System Integration Management Service

Mailbox

DB Idx

Passive

TransportTransport CTS

MailboxStore

DB

Index Node

Idx

ExSearchCTS

Read ContentLogLog

Transport Pipeline

SMTP to MBX Transport SubmissionSMTP from MBX Transport Delivery

SMTP SMTP

Delivery Agents for other protocols

Submission Queue

Delivery Queue

Delivery Queue

Pickup/Replay

CategorizerRouting Agents

SMTP Send

SMTP ReceiveProtocol Agents

Mailbox Transport SubmissionMailbox Transport Delivery

Mailbox Transport Pipeline

Store Driver Deliver

MBX Deliver Agents

SMTP SendSMTP Receive

Hub Selector (Router)

Store Driver Submit

MBX Assistants

MBX Submit Agents

MAPI MAPI

Mailbox Store

SMTP to Transport ServiceSMTP from Transport Service

56

DB2

MBX1

DB2

OWAMBX2

DB1 DB2

OWAMBX3

DB1 DB1DB1

CAS2

OWAOWA

time

Managed Availability = Monitoring + HA“Stuff breaks, but the Experience does not”

DB1

DAG

CAS1 CAS2

L4 Load Balancer

58

59

60

61

62

Building Blocks

Flexible ScalableSimpler