microwave wireless telecom
TRANSCRIPT
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Agenda
• Discussão sobre os padrões Wi-Fi
• Mikrotik Wireless Tools
• Throughput real do padrão Wi-Fi
• Redes PTP e PTMP
• Nstreme x CSMA/CA
• Nstreme2
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Wi-Fi 802.11 a,b,g,n
Padrões desenvolvidos para redes locais - LAN
802.11a : 54Mbps – 5 GHz
802.11b : 11Mbps – 2.4 GHz
802.11g : 54Mbps – 2.4 GHz
802.11n : 300Mbps – 2.4 GHz (draft)
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Wi-Fi 802.11 a,b,g,n
Ativando uma interface wireless no Mikrotik RouterOS.
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Wi-Fi 802.11 a,b,g,n
Problemas encontrados nos padrões Wi-Fi:
• Interface aérea desenhada para redes locais.
• Transmissão half-duplex
• Mobilidade restrita – sistemas nômades
• Banda ISM – Freqüências não licenciadas
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Sobreposição de canais
Padrão Wi-Fi mais utilizado entre provedores WISP no Brasil é o 802.11b,g.
Canais não sobrepostos : 03
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Técnica de Reuso de Freqüências
1
6
11
1
6
11
1
11
16
CÉLULAS = 10
CANAIS DISPONÍVEIS = 11
CANAIS UTILIZADOS = 3
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Mikrotik Frequency Usage
• Carga de tráfego por canais
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Tráfego
Tráfego em tempo real da interface wireless
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Qualidade do Sinal
A qualidade de um sinal é determinada por:
• Relação sinal ruído
• Tecnologia de modulação
• Análise de interferências de canal adjacente
• Análise de interferências de fontes diversas
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Qualidade do Sinal
Qualidade do Sinal:
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Qualidade do Sinal
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Qualidade do Sinal
Relação Sinal Ruído – SNR: 56 dBTx/Rx CCQ: 96/94%P Throughput: 26355 kbps
Tx/Rx CCQ: Eficiência da banda. Quanto menor, maiores serão as retransmissões.
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Banda Disponível
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Detalhes Técnicos Indispensáveis
• Aterramento
• Análise Espectral – Canais Interferêntes
• Polarização de Antenas
• Cabos adequados
• Equipamentos de Qualidade e Procedência
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Performance e Otimização comProtocolos Mikrotik
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NSTREME
• Protocolo proprietário Mikrotik
• Provê melhorias ao throughput• Maior estabilidade em Enlaces PTP e PTMP
• Funcional apenas em redes Mikrotik
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NSTREME
EXEMPLO:
[admin@MikroTik] interface wireless nstreme> print 0 name="wlan1" enable-nstreme=no enable-polling=yes framer-policy=none framer-limit=3200 [admin@MikroTik] interface wireless nstreme> set wlan1 enable-nstreme=yes \\... framer-policy=exact-size
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NSTREMEFramer-policy
Vejamos algumas políticas de otimização:
none – sem combinações de frames
best-fit – insere o máximo de pacotes até atingir a capacidade definida pelo frame-limit, sem fragmentar o pacote.
exact-size - Insere o máximo de pacotes até atingir a capacidade definida pelo frame-limit, podendo fragmentar o pacote. (melhor performance)
dynamic-size – Escolhe o melhor tamanho
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CSMA/CA X NSTREME
Testes práticos:
• Enlace de ~30 km• Freqüência, 5.8 GHz
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CSMA/CA X NSTREMEENLACES BASEADOS EM CSMA/CA – hall duplex
• Throughput médio: 10,3 Mbps10,3 Mbps10,3 Mbps10,3 Mbps• Modulação: OFDM OFDM OFDM OFDM –––– 802.11a802.11a802.11a802.11a• Range: ~30 km~30 km~30 km~30 km
ENLACES BASEADOS EM NSTREME – hall duplex
• Throughput médio: 28 Mbps28 Mbps28 Mbps28 Mbps• Modulação: OFDM OFDM OFDM OFDM –––– 802.11a802.11a802.11a802.11a• Range: ~30 km~30 km~30 km~30 km
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CSMA/CA X NSTREME
Configuração
Modos de operação:
AP bridge ou WDS
Para clientes WDS a configuração deve permanecer como station-wds.
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NSTREMEFramer-policy
Este método diz respeito ao tipo de combinações
de frames.
Podemos otimizar a transmissão combinando uma
série de frames e um só com maior capacidade
de transmissão, reduzindo assim o overhead
(sobrecarga de bits de sinalização), oferecendo uma
melhoria significativa no throughput (capacidade de
tráfego) da transmissão.
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NSTREME2
Dois rádios na interface nstreme-dual-mode slave podem ser agrupados em uma
conexão ponto-a-ponto.
Para utilizar este método o modo de configuração dos rádios deverá
permanecer no nstreme-dual-slave.
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NSTREME2Muitos parâmetros das interfaces wireless serão
desativados utilizando o nstreme2, exceto:
• frequency-mode
• country
• antenna-gain
• tx-power
• tx-power-mode
• antenna-mode
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NSTREME2
• A diferença entre TX-freq e RX- freq deve ser igual ou superior 200 MHz.
• Podemos utilizar freqüências diferentes entre Rx e Tx (2,4GHz e 5.8GHz)
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NSTREME2
• Vamos agora configurar um enlace com NSTREME2, passo a passo.
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NSTREME2Configurar as interfaces wireless no modo nstreme dual slave
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NSTREME2Entre na configuração de cada interface e altere o modo de
operação para nstreme dual slave. Não é necessário configurar a freqüência.
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NSTREME2Entre em Interfaces, clique em Add (+) e adicione uma
interface Nstreme Dual.
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NSTREME2Mikrotik1
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NSTREME2Mikrotik1
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NSTREME2Mikrotik2
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NSTREME2
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NSTREME2
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NSTREME2Framer Policy
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NSTREME2Laboratório de Testes
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NSTREME2Teste Unidirecional (Rx) – Protocolo UDPTeste Unidirecional (Tx) – Protocolo UDP
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NSTREME2
Teste bidirecional – Protocolo UDP
Média: 33,85 Mbps
Teste bidirecional – Protocolo TCP
Média: 29,25 Mbps
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NSTREME2Framer Policy: Exact Size
Teste bidirecional – Protocolo UDP
Média: 35,20 MbpsTeste bidirecional – Protocolo TCP
Média: 31,13 Mbps
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CONCLUSÃO
ENLACES BASEADOS EM NSTREME 2
• Modulação: OFDM – 802.11a
• Distância: ~30 km~30 km~30 km~30 km
MMMMéééédia: dia: dia: dia: 33,20 33,20 33,20 33,20 MbpsMbpsMbpsMbps FullFullFullFull DuplexDuplexDuplexDuplex
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Fim
Eng . Nicola Sanchez