wireless module - microwave propagation

Upload: a-jay-n-galiza

Post on 06-Jul-2018

228 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

  • 8/17/2019 Wireless module - Microwave Propagation

    1/58

    !"# %&% '()*+,-(., /01234

    67'!8% 096:&;7% ?;7?=@=#:7A

    %&% %8%& B C9

  • 8/17/2019 Wireless module - Microwave Propagation

    2/58

    !"# %&% '()*+,-(., /01234

    :.,+KMNO,HK.

    •  !"# %&'(%) *+,*%-%'.,/ ,0 1.&+,2%3#4 ./ *+%&'. .4 5.6#

    0+,1 0+## 4*% *+,*%-%'.,/7•  *+#4#/ ,0 ,94'+(&'.,/4

    •  ,&&(++#/ ,0 +#:#&'.,/4

    •  1.&+,2%3#4 5,' +#%)); '+%3#) ./ 4'+%.-"' )./#4

    • 

    %94,+*'.,/ ),44#4 ./ '"# %'1,4*"#+#• 

  • 8/17/2019 Wireless module - Microwave Propagation

    3/58

    !"# %&% '()*+,-(., /01234

    7),HO*I ?+K)(+,H(P KG 6HO+KQ*R(P

    •  =.&+,2%3#4 A(4' ).?# ).-"' %+# #)#&'+,1%-/#'.& ./ /%'(+#7

    • 

    B%5., 2%3#4 %/5 1.&+,2%3#4 #C".9.' '"# 0,)),2./-*+,*#+'.#4 '"%' %+# ,+.-./%)); ,94#+3#5 ./ ).-"'7•  ;(S(O,HK.

    •  ;(G+*O,HK.

    • 

    'HT+*O,HK.•  :.,(+G(+(.O(

    •  !"#4# *+,*#+'.#4 %6#&' '"# 2%; 1.&+,2%3# 4.-/%)4 *+,*%%),/- .'4 *%'" ./ '"# %'1,4*"#+# %/5 -+#%'); ./:(#/ '+#*'.,/ ,0 '"# 4.-/%) ./ '"# +#.3#+7

  • 8/17/2019 Wireless module - Microwave Propagation

    4/58

    !"# %&% '()*+,-(., /01234

    ;(S(O,HK.

    •  =.&+,2%3#4 (/5#+-, +(S(O,HK. 2"#/ .' 4'+.?#4 % 4(+0% '"%'

    &%//,' ','%)); *#/#'+%'#7•  =.&+,2%3#4 %+# +#:#&'#5 ,6 9; &,/5(&'.3# 4(+0%/ D+,(/5

    +#-%+5#5 %4 % -,,5 &,/5(&',+ ,0 +%5., 2%3#4 %/5 1.&+,2%3#•  >"#/#3#+ % 2%3# .4 +#:#&'#5@ '"# %/-)# ,0 ./&.5#/ %)2%;4 #

    '"# %/-)# ,0 +#:#&'.,/ F)%2 ,0 +#:#&'.,/G7

  • 8/17/2019 Wireless module - Microwave Propagation

    5/58!"# %&% '()*+,-(., /01234

    ;(S(O,HK. %T(O,P

    •  >"#/ % 1.&+,2%3# .4 +#:#&'#5@ % +'%./ %1,(/' ,0 *"%4#H4".0' .4./'+,5( %/5 '"# 4.-/%) 4'+#/-'" .4 +#5(9

    •  >"#/ '"# IHJ#)5 ,0 '"# ./&.5#/' 4.-/%) .4 *%+%))#) ', '"# +#:#&'./-&,/5(&'.3# 4(+0%@ '"# #/#+-; 2.)) 9# %94,+9#5@ %4 .0 '"# 2%3# .4 4"

    •  B#:#&'.,/ 0+,1 )%?#4 %/5 )%+-# 4(+0% .4 1,+# &+.'.&%) '"%/ +#:#&'.0+,1 '#++%./ 2.'" 3#-#'%'.,/

    • 

    D#/#+%));@ 3#+'.&%) *,)%+.K%'.,/ +#5( +#:#&'.,/ #4*#&.%)); %' ),2#0+#E(#/&.#4

  • 8/17/2019 Wireless module - Microwave Propagation

    6/58!"# %&% '()*+,-(., /01234

    'HT+*O,HK.

    •  >"#/ % 2%3# *%44#4 '"+,(-" ,94'%&)#4 2",4# 5.1#/4.,/

    %+# &,1*%+%9)# ', .'4 2%3#)#/-'"@ '"# 2%3# '#/54 ', 9#/%+,(/5 ,+ 4*+#%5 ,('7

    •  !".4 *"#/,1#/,/ .4 &%))#5 MHT+*O,HK. @ 2".&" .4 5#J/#5 '"# 4&%L#+./- ,+ 5.3#+-#/ ,0 % 2%3# 0+,1 .'4 *%'" %4 .'

    #/&,(/'#+4 ,94'%&)#4 %/5 4"%+* #5-#47

  • 8/17/2019 Wireless module - Microwave Propagation

    7/58!"# %&% '()*+,-(., /01234

    'HT+*O,HK. %T(O,P

    •  N.6+%&'.,/ #C*)%./4 2"; +%5., 2%3#4 &%/ 9# O"#%+5P 9#"./5

    1,(/'%./4 ,+ 9(.)5./-4 '"%' %+# /,+1%)); &,/4.5#+#5 ', 9),&?,0 4.-"' '+%/41.44.,/47

    • 

    Q,2#3#+@ 5.6+%&'.,/ %)4, &%(4#4 0%5./- 5(# ', ./'#+0#+#/ %/1()'.*%'" #6#&'4

  • 8/17/2019 Wireless module - Microwave Propagation

    8/58!"# %&% '()*+,-(., /01234

    ;(G+*O,HK.

    •  M4 % 2%3# '+%3#)4 0+,1 ,/# 1#5.(1 ', %/,'"#+@ .'4 3#),&

    &"%/-#47•  !".4 +#4()'4 ', % &"%/-# ./ '"# 5.+#&'.,/ ,0 '"# 2%3#@ %4 .0

    2%3# 9#/547 !".4 .4 &%))#5 +(G+*O,HK.7

  • 8/17/2019 Wireless module - Microwave Propagation

    9/58!"# %&% '()*+,-(., /01234

    ;(G+*O,HK.

    •  !"# %/-)# 9; 2".&" % 2%3# .4 +#0+%&'#5 &%/ 9# 5#'#+1./#

    (4./- R/#))S4 )%2T

  • 8/17/2019 Wireless module - Microwave Propagation

    10/58!"# %&% '()*+,-(., /01234

    ;(G+*O,HK. %U,(.MP ;*MHK VK+HWK.

    •  !"# %'1,4*"#+.& 5#/4.'; 4).-"'); 5#&+#%4#4 2.'" %)'.'(5#7•  !".4 &%(4#4 '"# 1.&+,2%3# 9#%14 ', 9# +#0+%&'#5 5,2/2%+57•  U,/4#E(#/');@ '"# +%5., ",+.K,/ .4 #C'#/5#5 5(# ', +#0+%&'.,/•  !"# +%5., ",+.K,/ .4 %**+,C.1%'#); ,/#H'".+5 -+#%'#+ '"%/ '"#

    3.4(%) ",+.K,/ 0,+ 4'%/5%+5 %'1,4*"#+.& &,/5.'.,/4

  • 8/17/2019 Wireless module - Microwave Propagation

    11/58!"# %&% '()*+,-(., /01234

    ;*MHK ;(G+*O,HRH,L

    •  !"# +#0+%&'.3# ./5#C ./ '"# /,/.,/.K#5 %'1,4*"#+# .4 %)2%;4 V W7•  !"# +%5., +#0+%&'.3.';@ !     .4 5#J/#5 %4 

    F%3#7 -+,(/5 +#0+%&'.3# ./5#C X W7

    •  \,+ )./?4 9#),2 WYY DQKT

    •  ]+#44(+# %/5 "(1.5.'; /,+1%)); 5#&+#%4#4 #C*,/#/'.%)); 2.'" "#.-"•  !#1*#+%'(+# /,+1%)); 5#&+#%4#4 )./#%+); 2.'" %)'.'(5# F^_`a?1G• 

  • 8/17/2019 Wireless module - Microwave Propagation

    12/58!"# %&% '()*+,-(., /01234

    ;(G+*O,HRH,L @+*MH(.,

    • 

  • 8/17/2019 Wireless module - Microwave Propagation

    13/58

    !"# %&% '()*+,-(., /01234

    ;(G+*O,HK. H. * AK+-*I =,-KP)X(+(

  • 8/17/2019 Wireless module - Microwave Propagation

    14/58

    !"# %&% '()*+,-(., /01234

    =J.K+-*I ;(G+*O,HK.

  • 8/17/2019 Wireless module - Microwave Propagation

    15/58

    !"# %&% '()*+,-(., /01234

    =J.K+-*I ;(G+*O,HK.

  • 8/17/2019 Wireless module - Microwave Propagation

    16/58

    !"# %&% '()*+,-(., /01234

    %T(O,HR( %*+,X ;*MHNP

    •  !"# 9#/5./- ,0 1.&+,2%3# 9#%14 5#*#/54 ,/ D %' #%&" *,./'%),/- '"# *%'"7 !"# &(+3#5 *%'" '+%3#)4 ,3#+ % &(+3#5 I%+'"7

    • 

    !, 4.1*).0; '"# %/%);4.4@ %44(1# % 1.&+,2%3# 9#%1 '+%3#)./-%),/- % 4'+%.-"' )./# +#)%'.3# ', %/ #6#&'.3# I%+'" +%5.(47

    •  !, &,1*#/4%'# 0,+ '".4@ '"# #6#&'.3# I%+'" +%5.(4 .4 '"# %&'(%)+%5.(4 1()'.*).#5 9; % +'%./ 0%&',+ &%))#5 '"# "H          #$%&'(  7

    • 

    '"%' 5#*#/54 ,/ '"# +#0+%&'.3.'; -+%5.#/'7 !".4 0%&',+ .4 !"# %

    H0%&',+ .4 (4#5 ', 5#'#+1./# +#)%'.3# &)#%+%/ %/5 /,' ', *+#5. 9#%1 &(+3%'(+#7•

     

    !"# %H0%&',+ .4 +#)%'#5 ', '"# +#0+%&'.3# ./5#C -+%5.#/' 9;

  • 8/17/2019 Wireless module - Microwave Propagation

    17/58

    !"# %&% '()*+,-(., /01234

    YZ[*O,K+ RP ;(G+*O,HRH,L @+*MH(.,

  • 8/17/2019 Wireless module - Microwave Propagation

    18/58

    !"# %&% '()*+,-(., /01234

    %T(O,HR( %*+,X ;*MHNP \ "N+G*O( ;(G+*O,HR

  • 8/17/2019 Wireless module - Microwave Propagation

    19/58

    !"# %&% '()*+,-(., /01234

    =O,N*I 6HO+KQ*R( ](*-P *+LH.D

    •  !"# +%'., ,0 '"# %**%+#/' +%5.(4 ', '"# %&'(%) +%5.(4 ,0 '"# #%+&%))#5 *+*%&,-* *$(&/01 ($2,31 #$%&'(    5#4.-/%'#5 %4& 7

    • 

  • 8/17/2019 Wireless module - Microwave Propagation

    20/58

    !"# %&% '()*+,-(., /01234

    ",*.M*+M ;(G+*O,HK.c " ^ C`a

    •  !"# 5.#)#&'+.& &,/4'%/' ,0 '"# %'1,4*"#+# %)4, 5#&+#%4#4 2.'"%)'.'(5#7

    • 

    M4 % 4*% 2%3# '+%3#)4 (*2%+5@ .'4 3#),&.'; ./&+#%4#4 %/5 &%(% -+%5(%) 5,2/2%+5 5#:#&'.,/7

    •  N(+./- 4'%/5%+5 %'1,4*"#+.& &,/5.'.,/@ ? X faZ7

    • 

    !"# 1.&+,2%3# *%'" 0,+ ? X W .4 )#44 '"%/ '"%' 0,+ ? X faZ7

    •  !"# 3%)(# ,0 ? X faZ .4 '+(# ,/); ./ '#1*#+%'# &).1%'#47

    • 

  • 8/17/2019 Wireless module - Microwave Propagation

    21/58

    !"# %&% '()*+,-(., /01234

    "N)(+P,*.M*+M ;(G+*O,HK.

    •  R(*#+4'%/5%+5 +#0+%&'.,/@ %)4, &%))#5 PN)(+ +(G+*O,HK. +#

    0+,1 1#'#,+,),-.&%) &,/5.'.,/4 4(&" %4 '#1*#+%'(+#./3#+4.,/ ,+ % 1%+?#5 5#&+#%4# ./ '"# ','%) 1,.4'(+# &,/./ %.+7

    •  !".4 1%; %)4, +#4()' 0+,1 #C,.3# ./&+#%4# ./ '"# 2%'#+3%*,+ &,/'#/' /#%+ '"# 4(+0%

    •  !"# 3%)(# ,0 ? ./&+#%4#4 +#4()'./- ', %/ #6#&'.3# :%L#/./'"# #E(.3%)#/' #%+'"S4 &(+3%'(+#7

    • 

  • 8/17/2019 Wireless module - Microwave Propagation

    22/58

    !"# %&% '()*+,-(., /01234

    "NJP,*.M*+M ;(G+*O,HK.

    •  R(94'%/5%+5 +#0+%&'.,/ ,&&(+4 2"#/ '"# 5.#)#&'+.& &,/4'%

    ,0 '"# %'1,4*"#+# ./&+#%4#4 2.'" "#.-"'7•  !"# 1.&+,2%3# 9#%1 '#/54 ', 9# 5#:#&'#5 %2%; 0+,1 '"

    #%+'" %/5 .4 (4(%)); &%))#5 ,4-*(1* 5*$6 5*42,47 ,+ #%+'" 9()-./-7

    • 

  • 8/17/2019 Wireless module - Microwave Propagation

    23/58

    !"# %&% '()*+,-(., /01234

    #X( %*+,X ]NID(

    •  !"# #6#&'.3# +%5.(4 ,0 '"# I%+'" &,++#4*,/54 ', '"# %**%+#/'O:%L#/./-P ,+ O9()-./-P ,0 '"# I%+'"7

    • 

    \,+ % 4'%/5%+5 %'1,4*"#+# '"# 3%)(# ,0 % .4 faZ7

    •  M4 '"# 3%)(# ,0 % ./&+#%4#4@ '"# I%+'" '#/54 ', 9#&,1# :%L#+7

    • 

    M4 % %**+,%&"#4 ./J/.';@ '"# I%+'" %**%+#/'); 9#&,1#4 :%' %#6#&'@ '"# 1.&+,2%3# 9#%1 9#/54 %' #C%&'); '"# 4%1# %4 '"# I

  • 8/17/2019 Wireless module - Microwave Propagation

    24/58

    !"# %&% '()*+,-(., /01234

    %T(O, KG YZG*O,K+ ,K %*+,XdP &N+R*,N+(

  • 8/17/2019 Wireless module - Microwave Propagation

    25/58

    !"# %&% '()*+,-(., /01234

    ?XLPHO*I =,-KP)X(+HO &K.MH,HK.P

    •  !, "%3# *,4.'.3# D@ 4'+,/- /#-%'.3# '#1*#+%'(+# -+%5.#/' ,+ % *,4.'."(1.5.'; -+%5.#/' ,+ 9,'" .4 +#E(.+#57

    • 

    ],4.'.3# -+%5.#/'4 &%/ 9# &%(4#5 9; FWG %53%/ ,0 &,,) 1,.4' %.+ ,3#5+; -+,(/5 #4*7 ./ &,%4'%) +#-.,/4 FiG ).0'./- ,0 % 2%+1 %.+ 1%44 9; &5+; %.+ 5(+./- 4',+14 FZG %(',&,/3#&'.,/ ,+ FfG 4,)%+ "#%'./-7

    •  b#-%'.3# +#0+%&'.3.'; -+%5.#/' +#4()'4 0+,1 '#1*#+%'(+# ./3#+4.,/ %//#-%'.3# "(1.5.'; -+%5.#/' F";5+,)%*4#G7

     

    M9/,+1%) /#-%'.3# -+%5.#/' Fj^WYY ba?1G 1%; +#4()' ', 4(94.4'#/%53#&'.,/ F4(+0% "#%'./-G@ %/5 +%5.%'.3# &,,)./- 7

    •  R'##* /#-%'.3# +#0+%&'.3.'; -+%5.#/'4 ./ #C, ,0 ^W[c ba?1 +#4()'4 0,+1%'.,/ ,0 5(&'7

    •  I3%*,+%'.,/ 1%; )#%5 ', 5(&'./-7 M53#&'.,/ %)4, )#%54 ', 5(&' 0,+1

    !#1*#+%'(+# ./3#+4.,/ .4 '"# *+.1%+; &%(4# ,0 5(&'4 2".&" ./:(#/&+%5., )./? *+,*%-%'.,/7

    'NO,H.D

  • 8/17/2019 Wireless module - Microwave Propagation

    26/58

    !"# %&% '()*+,-(., /01234

    'NO,H.D

    •  !"# 1.&+,2%3# 4.-/%) .4 '+%**#5 9#'2##/ % )%;#+ ,0 2%+1 %.+ F(**#*,+'.,/G %/5 &,)5 %.+ F),2#+ *,+'.,/G7

    • 

    !".4 1%; +#4()' ', % &,1*)#'# ),44 ,0 4.-/%) )%4'./- 0,+ ",(+47•  R,)('.,/T ./&+#%4# '"# *%'" %/-)# 9#;,/5 '"# &+.'.&%) 3%)(#7

    D+,(/5 l%4#5 N(&'T B#0+%&'.,/ %/5 B#:#&'.,/•  3#+; 5#/4# )%;#+ ,0 %.+ &),4# ', '"# -+,(/5 2.'" % '"./ )%;#+ ,/ ',* ,

    I)#3%'#5 N(&'T B#0+%&'.,/ ,/);•  !"# %'1,4*"#+# "%4 % '".&? )%;#+ ./ 4,1# "#.-"' %9,3# -+,(/57• 

  • 8/17/2019 Wireless module - Microwave Propagation

    27/58

    !"# %&% '()*+,-(., /01234

    'NO,H.D

    I%+'"

    I)#3%'#5 NmU!

    I%+'"

    D+,(/5 l%4#5 NmU!

    'NO,H.D ?+KJ*JHIH,L

  • 8/17/2019 Wireless module - Microwave Propagation

    28/58

    !"# %&% '()*+,-(., /01234

    'NO,H.D ?+KJ*JHIH,L

    •  N(&' *+,9%9.).'; *#+/'%-# ,0 '.1# 2"#/ 5ba5" .4 )#44 '^WYY b (/.'4a?1 *#+ 4*#&.J#5 1,/'"

    • 

    •  !".4 5.6#+#/ ./ 5(&'./- *+,9%9.).'; &%/ 9# #C*)%./#5 9

    '"# 5.6#+#/ ./ '#1*#+%'(+# %/5 1,4' ,0 %)) 9; 5.6#+#/"(1.5.';

    •  \+,1 '"# 1%* '"# #E(%',+.%) +#-.,/4 %+# 1,4' 3()/#+%9)#5(&'4

    6KMHe(M ;(G+*O,HRH,L

  • 8/17/2019 Wireless module - Microwave Propagation

    29/58

    !"# %&% '()*+,-(., /01234

    6KMHe(M ;(G+*O,HRH,L

    •  >"#/ D X HW[c@ '"# 1.&+,2%3# 9#%1 2,()5 9# *%+%))#) ', '"# #%+'"7

    •  >"#/ '"# D 9#&,1#4 1,+# /#-%'.3#@ 9)%&?,(' &,/5.'.,/4 1%; ,&&(+

    .4 %)4, % 5(&'./- &,/5.'.,/7

    •  >"#/ &,/4.5#+./- 5(&'./-@ '"# (*#($%&,-* 6'23)(4 .4 (4#5T

     

    !".4 %)),24 ,/# ', &,/4.5#+ '"# I%+'" %4 :%' 2.'" '"# %'1,4*"#+.&&,/5.'.,/ "%3./- '"# &"%+%&'#+.4'.& ,0 =7

    •  !"# -+%5.#/' ,0 = 2.'" "#.-"' .4 K#+, 2"#/ D X HW[c %/5 /#-%'.3# 0,

    5(&'./- &,/5.'.,/4

  • 8/17/2019 Wireless module - Microwave Propagation

    30/58

    !"# %&% '()*+,-(., /01234

    6Z?+KeI(P GK+ AK+-*I )+K)*D*,HK.

    6Z?+KeI(P GK+ =J.K+-*I ?+K)*D*,HK.

  • 8/17/2019 Wireless module - Microwave Propagation

    31/58

    !"# %&% '()*+,-(., /01234

    6Z?+KeI(P GK+ =J.K+-*I ?+K)*D*,HK.

    6Z?+KeI(P !.M(+ 'NO,H.D &K.MH,HK.P

  • 8/17/2019 Wireless module - Microwave Propagation

    32/58

    !"# %&% '()*+,-(., /01234

    6Z?+KeI(P !.M(+ 'NO,H.D &K.MH,HK.P

    •  5(&' "%4 /#-%'.3# = -+%5.#/' 0+,1 4(+0% ', ',*

    •  4(+0% 5(&' 9(' = "%4 *,4.'.3# -+%5.#/' F = %' '"# 4(+0% .4-+#%'#+ '"%/ '"# 3%)(# %' '"# ',*G

    • 

    = %' '"# 4(+0% .4 )#44 '"%/ '"# 3%)(# %' '"# ',* F#)#3%'#5 5(&

  • 8/17/2019 Wireless module - Microwave Propagation

    33/58

    !"# %&% '()*+,-(., /01234

    %*+,X ]NID( &*IONI*,HK.

    •  !2, *,./'4 %+# 1%+?#5 ,/ '"# 1%* %/5&,//#&'#5 9; % 4'+%.-"' )./#7

    • 

    U,/',(+ )./#4 %/5 '"#.+ 5.4'%/ 0+,1'"# #/5 4.'# %+# +#&,+5#5

    •  M +()#+ .4 +#E(.+#5 0,+ %&&(+%&;7 R'##)+()#+ .4 *+#0#++#57

    • 

    b#3#+ %44(1# "#.-"'4 9#'2##/ &,/',(+)./#47 !"# ,/); #C%&' 3%)(# .4 '"# &,/',(+)./# .'4#)07

    •  \,+ 3#+; :%' *%'"4 .' .4 -,,5 *+%&'. ',2+.'# 5,2/ % '#++%./ 3%)(# #3#+; 0#2?.),1#'#+4 0,+ I%+'" 9()-# &,1*('%'.,/7

  • 8/17/2019 Wireless module - Microwave Propagation

    34/58

    !"# %&% '()*+,-(., /01234

    %*+,X ]NID( &*IONI*,HK.

  • 8/17/2019 Wireless module - Microwave Propagation

    35/58

    !"# %&% '()*+,-(., /01234

    %U*-)I(9

    •  &*IONI*,( ,X( %*+,X JNID( f g- G+K- *. *.,(..* HG ,X(+(O(HRH.D *.,(..* HP *))+KUH-*,(IL 20 g- *Q*LE

    • 

    =.P9 X ^ 0 -

  • 8/17/2019 Wireless module - Microwave Propagation

    36/58

    !"# %&% '()*+,-(., /01234

    %U*-)I(9

    •  &*IONI*,( ,X( (*+,X JNID( *, ,X( -HM)KH., KG ,QK *.,(..23E0 -HI(P *)*+,E

    • 

    =.P9 X ^ a0Eh G,

  • 8/17/2019 Wireless module - Microwave Propagation

    37/58

    !"# %&% '()*+,-(., /01234

    [+(( ")*O( ?+K)*D*,HK.

    •  !"# ),44 9#'2##/ '2, %/'#//%4 (/%6#&'#5 9; '"# I%+'" .&%))#5 ,X( G+((ZP)*O( IKPP7

    •  M4 % 4.-/%) *+,*%-%'#4 %2%; 0+,1 % '+%/41.L#+@ '"# 2%34*+#%54 %/5 '"# *,2#+ 5#/4.'; 5#&+#%4#4 5(# ', ./3#+4#4E(%+# )%27

    •  !"# *,2#+ ),44 .4 4,)#); 5(# '"# 4*+#%5./- ,0 '"# 2%3# %&%))#5 '"# 0+##H4*% ),44 F*%'" ),44G7

    •  !"# 0+##H4*% ),44 .4 5#*#/5#/' ,/ '"# 5.4'%/ %/5 '"#0+#E(#/&; ,0 ,*#+%'.,/7

  • 8/17/2019 Wireless module - Microwave Propagation

    38/58

    !"# %&% '()*+,-(., /01234

    [+(( ")*O( 8KPP

    •  !"# *,2#+ +%'., 9#'2##/ % '+%/41.L./- %/5 +#.3./-%/'#//% .4 -.3#/ 9;

     

    !"# ),44 9#'2##/ '"# '2, %/'#//%4 &%/ 9# #C*+#44#5 %4

  • 8/17/2019 Wireless module - Microwave Propagation

    39/58

    !"# %&% '()*+,-(., /01234

    % * ) (

    •  '(,(+-H.( ,X( )*,X IKPP GK+ * 21Z-H -HO+KQ*R( IH.gK)(+*,H.D *, * G+(iN(.OL KG 0211 6VWE

    •  =.P9 ["8 ^ 20a M]

  • 8/17/2019 Wireless module - Microwave Propagation

    40/58

    !"# %&% '()*+,-(., /01234

    )

    •  = ,+*.P-Hj(+ X*P *. KN,)N, )KQ(+ KG 0Ef

  • 8/17/2019 Wireless module - Microwave Propagation

    41/58

    !"# %&% '()*+,-(., /01234

    D

    •  [*MH.D +#0#+4 ', '"# 3%+.%'.,/ ./ '"# /,1./%) +#.3#5 4.)#3#) 5(# ', %'1,4*"#+.& %/5 *+,*%-%'.,/ &,/5.'.,/47

    •  \%5./- &%/ 9# &%(4#5 9; /%'(+%) 2#%'"#+ 5.4'(+9%/@ 4%4 +%./0%))@ 4/,20%))@ 0,-@ "%.) %/5 #C'+#1#); &,)5 %.+ ,3#+2%+1 #%+'"7

    •  \%5./- 1%; %)4, 9# 5(# ', +#0+%&'.,/@ +#:#&'.,/@ 1()'.*)#'+%/41.44.,/ *%'"4 3%+;./- '#++%./4 %/5 %'1,4*"#+.&%/,1%).#47

  • 8/17/2019 Wireless module - Microwave Propagation

    42/58

    !"# %&% '()*+,-(., /01234

    L) D L

    =.&+,2%3# 4.-/%)4 '"%' *+,*%-%'# ./ '"# %'1,4*"#+# %+#4(9A#&' ', '"# 0,)),2./- ';*#4 ,0 0%5./-T

    •  5.6+%&'.,/ 0%5./-

    •  9#%1 0%5./-

    •  1()'.*%'" 0%5./- F2".&" )#%54 ',G

    • 

    B%;)#.-" 0%5./- 0,+ /%++,2 9%/5 4;4'#14•  B%;)#.-" *)(4 4#)#&'.3# 0%5./- 0,+ 2.5#9%/5 4;4'#14

    •  9)%&?,(' 0%5./- F5(&'./-G

    •  +%./ 0%5./-

  • 8/17/2019 Wireless module - Microwave Propagation

    43/58

    !"# %&% '()*+,-(., /01234

    ) )

    •  !"# 1%./ &%(4# ,0 %94,+*'.,/T 9$&*(   -$:'(   %/5';

     !!"   ! !!!! !!! 

    ;*H. =j(.N*,HK.

  • 8/17/2019 Wireless module - Microwave Propagation

    44/58

    !"# %&% '()*+,-(., /01234

    •  9#&,1#4 4.-/.J&%/' %9,3# WY DQK

    •  +%./5+,*4 %94,+9 '"# #/#+-; ,0 I= 2%3#4

    •  1,+# 4#3#+# 0,+ ",+.K,/'%)); *,)%+.K#5 2%3#4

    •  5#*#/54 ,/ '"# +%./ +%'#

    •  !"# I%+'" .4 5.3.5#5 ./', W_ 5.6#+#/' +%./ K,/#4

    • 

  • 8/17/2019 Wireless module - Microwave Propagation

    45/58

    !"# %&% '()*+,-(., /01234

    D

    •  R(9+#0+%&'.,/ &,()5 +#4()' ', 5.6+%&'.,/ ),44@ 5#*#/5./- '#++%./ *+,J)# %/5 %/'#//% "#.-"'7

    •  N.6+%&'.,/ ),44 ^ '"# +#5.4'+.9('.,/ ,0 #/#+-; 2.'"./ %2%3#0+,/' 2"#/ % 2%3# #/&,(/'#+4 ,94'+(&'.,/4

    •  !"#

     !!   ! !!"!

    !!

    ! !" !" 

    [+(P.(I lK.(

  • 8/17/2019 Wireless module - Microwave Propagation

    46/58

    !"# %&% '()*+,-(., /01234

    •  'K-H.*., KJP,*OI( ^ *,./' ./ '"# *+,J)# 2.'" '"# )#%4' &)#%+%/0+,1 % 5.+#&' +%; 9#'2##/ '"# '2, %/'#//%4

    • 

    >"#/ '"# hgR +%; 9#'2##/ '"# '2, %/'#//%4 A(4' &)#%+4 '"#5,1./%/' ,94'%&)#@ '"# &,/5.'.,/ .4 ?/,2/ %4     7($?,47 @AB7

    •  D+%K./- hgR 5,#4 /,' +#4()' ./ 0+##H4*% *+,*%-%'.,/ &,/5.'•  N.+#&' hgR 5,#4 /,' #/4(+# '"%' ,94'+(&'.,/ ),44#4 2.)) /,' ,&•  hgR *%'" 4",()5 "%3# %5#E(%'# &)#%+%/ 2.'" +#4*#&' ',

    4(++,(/5./- ,9A#&'47•  U)#%+%/ +()#4 2#+# 5#3#),*#5 ', %3,.5 5.6+%&'.,/ ),44 (/5#% &,/5.'.,/47

    • 

    !"# %1,(/' ,0 &)#%+%/ .4 -#/#+%)); 5#4&+.9#5 ./ '#+14 ,0 [+(WK.(PE

  • 8/17/2019 Wireless module - Microwave Propagation

    47/58

    !"# %&% '()*+,-(., /01234

    •  [+(P.(I WK.( .4 5#J/#5 %4 '"# #)).*4,.5K,/# 2.'" 0,&%) *,./' %' '"# %/'#//%4 ,/

     9,'" #/54 ,0 '"# *%'"7•  \+#4/#) K,/#4 %+# %+#%4 2"#+#./ '"#

    ./'#+0#+#/ .4 %'41&(3%&,-*7

  • 8/17/2019 Wireless module - Microwave Propagation

    48/58

    !"# %&% '()*+,-(., /01234

    •  !"# *%'" &)#%+%/ ,3#+ %/ ,94'%&)# 3%+.#4 5#*#/5./- ,/ '"# %0%&',+@ (4(%)); iaZ %/5 faZ7

    • 

    J+4' &)#%+%/ +()#T '"# %/'#//% "%4 '"# 9#4'H&%4# &)#%+%/&,/5.'.,/ FWYYo ,0 \WG (/5#+ 1#5.%/ ? &,/5.'.,/4

    •  4#&,/5 &,/5.'.,/T (/5#+ 1./.1(1 ? &,/5.'.,/4@ /, 5.6+%&'.,),44 .0 _Yo ,0 \W .4 %&".#3#57

  • 8/17/2019 Wireless module - Microwave Propagation

    49/58

    !"# %&% '()*+,-(., /01234

  • 8/17/2019 Wireless module - Microwave Propagation

    50/58

    !"# %&% '()*+,-(., /01234

  • 8/17/2019 Wireless module - Microwave Propagation

    51/58

    !"# %&% '()*+,-(., /01234

    •  &*IONI*,( ,X( +*MHNP KG ,X( e+P, [+(P.(I WK.( *, ,X(-HM)KH., KG * 20 g- IH.g K)(+*,H.D *, 2a @VWE

    • 

    =.P9 [2 ^ hEa2 -

  • 8/17/2019 Wireless module - Microwave Propagation

    52/58

    !"# %&% '()*+,-(., /01234

    •  = -HO+KQ*R( IH.g K)(+*,H.D *, CE0 @VW X*P * )*,X I(.DKG 01 g-E = ,*II JNHIMH.D HP IKO*,(M h g- *Q*L G+K- K.

    -HO+KQ*R( *.,(..*E [H.M ,X( -H.H-N- OI(*+*.O( +(iNGK+ ,XHP KJP,*OI(m

    • 

    =.P9 [K), ^ 22E2 -

  • 8/17/2019 Wireless module - Microwave Propagation

    53/58

    !"# %&% '()*+,-(., /01234

    •  M 1.&+,2%3# +%5., 4;4'#1 .4 ,*#+%'./- %' % 0+#E(#/&; ,0DQK7 !"# 5.4'%/ 9#'2##/ '"# '2, 4'%'.,/4 .4 fY?1 %/5

    4;4'#1 *+,*%-%'#4 ,3#+ %/ %3#+%-# '#++%./7 U%)&()%'# 0,+0%5./- &%(4#5 9; 5.6+%&'.,/ if?1 %2%; 0+,1 '"# J+4' *,%/5 &,/4.5#+ % "#.-"' ,0 iY ?17

    • 

    =.P9 2Ef3 M]

  • 8/17/2019 Wireless module - Microwave Propagation

    54/58

    !"# %&% '()*+,-(., /01234

    •  ,&&(+4 2"#/ +%5., 4.-/%)4 '+%3#) ./ 1,+# '"%/ ,/# *%'"

    •  4.-/%)4 1%; %55 ,+ &%/) 5#*#/5./- ,/ '"#.+ *"%4#+#)%'.,/4".*7

    •  &%/ +#4()' ./ 3#+; 5##* 0%5#4 '"%' %+# 0+#E(#/&; 4#)#&'.3#

    •  .' .4 '"# 1%./ &%(4# ,0 0%5./- 0,+ 4;4'#14 9#),2 WY DQK

    • 

    b,/4*#&()%+ -+,(/5 +#:#&'.,/4 ./'#+0#+./- 2.'" % 5#0,&(1%./ 4.-/%) .4 '"# 5,1./%/' 1()'.*%'" 0%5./- #6#&'

    •  B:$%* 2,-*(1,&

  • 8/17/2019 Wireless module - Microwave Propagation

    55/58

    !"# %&% '()*+,-(., /01234

  • 8/17/2019 Wireless module - Microwave Propagation

    56/58

    !"# %&% '()*+,-(., /01234

    •  [I*, G*MH.D .4 % /,/H0+#E(#/&; 5#*#/5#/' 0,+1 ,0 0%5./

    • 

  • 8/17/2019 Wireless module - Microwave Propagation

    57/58

    !"# %&% '()*+,-(., /01234

    •  ,&&(+4 .0 4,1# ,0 '"# 4*#&'+%) &,1*,/#/'4 %+# +#5(&%(4./- 5.4',+'.,/

    • 

    5(# ', %'1,4*"#+.& %/,1%).#4 2"#+#./ 5.6#+#/' 0+#E(#/(/5#+-, 5.6#+#/' %L#/(%'.,/ )#3#)4

    •  =()'.*%'" #6#&'4 ./ 2.5#9%/5 4;4'#14 &%(4# 5.4',+'.,/4#++,+4 '"%' %+# /,' %1*).'(5# 5#*#/5#/'7 !".4 .4 &%))#5

    P(I(O,HR( G*MH.D ,+MHP)(+PHR( G*MH.D7•  &%/ %)4, 9# &%(4#5 9; GBG    

    •  +#5( '"# 4.-/%)H',H/,.4# +%'., %/5 ./&+#%4#4 lIB

    •  &%/ 9# &,1*#/4%'#5 9; (4./- 0+#E(#/&; 5.3#+4.'; %/5#E(%).K#+4

  • 8/17/2019 Wireless module - Microwave Propagation

    58/58

    !"# %&% '()*+,-(., /01234