mid-columbia coordinated hydro operations model john c. howard cddhoward consulting ltd....

Mid-Columbia Coordinated Hydro Operations Model

John C. HowardCddHoward Consulting Ltd.([email protected])

CEATI 2009

CddHoward Consulting Ltd. Slide 2

Plan for this talk• System of seven dams

• Objective and constraints for optimization

• Results for three study scenarios

• Excel optimization environment issues


Purpose and Scope of this Study

• Purpose

• Identify opportunities for revised coordination of river system operations

• Scope

• Cascade of seven hydro projects• Study Historical Scenarios with a range of

Hydrologic and System-Load Conditions• Uses an iterative QLP optimization


Columbia River Basin

Mid-Columbia

Canada

USA


Mid-Columbia System

Grand Coulee

Chief Joseph

Wells

Rocky Reach

Rock Island

Wanapum

Priest Rapids

TOTAL

FT MW KW/CFS

334 7,049 24.8

176 2,069 13.1

74 890 5.4

94 1,320 7.1

43 622 3.3

83 831 6.0

60 788 4.5

865 13,570 64.2


Grand Coulee 334 ft 7,049 MW 24.8 kW/CFS


Chief Joe 176 ft 2,069 MW 13.1 kW/CFS


Wells 74 ft 890 MW 5.4 kW/CFS


Rocky Reach 94 ft 1,320 MW 7.1 kW/CFS


Rock Island 43 ft 622 MW 3.3 kW/CFS


Wanapum 83 ft 831 MW 6.0 kW/CFS


Priest Rapids 60 ft 788 MW 4.5 kW/CFS


Hourly Optimization

• Maximize Energy-In-Storage at Last-Hour

• Meet Historical Hourly Load (± 5MW)

• Realistic Plant Operations, Wave Routing, Local Sideflows, Encroachments and Seasonal Discharge Constraints (Fish)


Plant Envelope

Plant Envelope

Model


WEL: 74ft @ 890MW

35 Miles

Transient Wave RoutingNormalized Impulse Response h(x,t) Above Wells

(Chief Joe to Wells Dam is 35 Miles)

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240

Minutes

50%

Mid-Columbia River Routing

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31

Hours

Dis

ch

arg

e,

kcfs

Discharge from Chief Joe

Inflow at Wells


• Ungauged or Poorly Estimated

• Varies by 1% to 10% of Inflow(t)

• Preprocessed to balance mass

Irrigation Returnflows & Sideflows

Douglas County, WAGrant County, WA

WAN Elevation (Validation Mode)

565.0

566.0

567.0

568.0

569.0

570.0

571.0

572.0

31Aug06 0h 1Sep06 0h 2Sep06 0h 3Sep06 0h 4Sep06 0h 5Sep06 0h

Ele

vati

on

, ft

HistoricalAdjustedUnAdjusted

Local Inflow Adjustment Factor: 6.14617


EncroachmentGrant

County

WA

Rock

Island

Wanapum

• Significant Issue for most of the projects

• Encroachment Model• Function of DS elevation and

US discharge

• Example: Wanapum pool encroaches on Rock Island tailwater


Environmental Constraints

• 7ft Higher Pools on LaborDay Weekend

• 5ft Higher Pools on LaborDay Weekend

• Increased Min Flows in March and Oct-Nov

• Increases in Maximum River Stage in the Mid-Mornings of March and Oct-Nov


Coordinated Generation• Meet time varying load

• Move water to ‘right’ pool at ‘right’ time

• Operate plants consistent with Unit Commitment & Dispatch

• Meet constraints


Excel as a Modelling System

• Data Analysis and Verification

• Formula Coding

• Database Coding

• Spreadsheet Debugging

• Deployment

Easy

TrickyEasy

Difficult

Tricky

Basic Optimization


Model Validation

• Switch Model into ‘Simulation Mode’• Historical Discharges drive Model

• Results create ‘Basis for Comparison’• Historical vs Validation vs Optimized• Compare Model Generation and Pool

Levels to Measured data.

RIS Generation (Maximize Stored Energy)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

31Aug06 0h 1Sep06 0h 2Sep06 0h 3Sep06 0h 4Sep06 0h 5Sep06 0h

Ge

ne

rati

on

, M

Wh

ValidationHistoricalModel


Plant

Model Schematic and Modes7 Dam Cascade

Historical System Load

Optimize Mode

± 5 MW

Optimized Discharge

Δ

MW Validation

Historical Discharge

Validation Mode

Historical Plant MW Δ


• Tables for Project Configurations

• Date & Time Driven Tables for Operational Constraints

• Hourly-Data Worksheet for the Current Scenario

Data and ConfigurationProject ConfigurationsHourly DataHourly Constraints


Scenario and Optimization Control

• pic – toolbar

• pic – torn worksheet tabs, stacked


Evaluating Results• Actual Operations Contain

Inconsistent Data

• Validation is Replicable

• Validation is the Gold Standard

• Compare Model to Validation


Optimized Hourly Stored EnergyLoad (GW) and Optimization's Gain of Potential Energy above Validation (GW)

Scenario S1 (Recreational Holiday)

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

1 13 25 37 49 61 73 85 97 109 121Hours

Gai

n i

n P

ote

nti

al E

ner

gy

abo

ve V

alid

atio

n

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Lo

ad

GCL CHJ WEL RRH RIS WAN PRD TOTAL LOAD

Load (GW) and Optimization's Gain of Potential Energy above Validation (GW)Scenario S2 (Typical Summer Day)

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

1 13 25 37 49 61 73 85 97 109 121Hours

Gai

n in

Po

ten

tial

En

erg

yA

bo

ve V

alid

atio

n

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Lo

ad


Load (GW) and Optimization's Gain of Potential Energy above Validation (GW)Scenario S5 (Extreme Winter Day)

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1 13 25 37 49 61 73 85 97 109 121Hours

Gai

n in

Pot

entia

l En

ergy

Abo

ve V

alid

atio

n

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Load


Load (GW) and Optimization's Gain of Potential Energy above Validation (GW)Scenario S9 (Fall Operations for Fish Spawning)

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

1 13 25 37 49 61 73 85 97 109 121Hours

Gai

n in

Pot

entia

l Ene

rgy

Abo

ve V

alid

atio

n

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Load



Summary

• 3.5% More System Energy in Sample Scenario

• Operations Dependant on Load Forecast

• Excel can be a good Open Platform


Thank You!


Optimized Hourly Pool Level ChangesChanges from Starting Elevation

-4.0

-3.0

-2.0

-1.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

1 13 25 37 49 61 73 85 97 109Hours

Fee

t

GCL CHJ WEL RRH RIS WAN

Scenario 1


Optimized Generation ImprovementsChanges from Validation Generation

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

1 9 17 25 33 41 49 57 65 73 81 89 97 105 113 121Hours

MW

GCL CHJ WEL RRH RIS WAN PRD

Scenario 1

mid-columbia coordinated hydro operations model john c. howard cddhoward consulting ltd....

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