Europe After Rome

Several Germanic kingdoms

What were the Germanic peoples like?

Less emphasis on learning

Less trade

Cities shrink

Charlemagne

768: takes over Frankish kingdom

800: controls most of Western Europe

Wrote new laws to keep order

Promoted education of priests

Alliances with Popes

Why does feudalism take

hold? Charlemagne’s sons fight for his empire

By mid-800s, Europe a place of chaos

No longer a single strong leader

Feudalism

Lords:

Vassals:

Fief:

Feudal society was highly

structured.

The Age of Chivalry

What was expected of knights?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yO28lnjtsQc

Growth of Towns

By 1000 AD, towns return to Europe

What were Medieval towns like?

Role of the Guild?

Political Role of the Church

Personal ties to nobles

Great wealth

Pope with more wealth and power than most kings

Structure of the Catholic Church

Two Powers Collide

Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV Pope Gregory VII

Church promotes learning

Cathedral schools

Study classical philosophy

Do the classics conflict with Church teaching?

Christ Church Cathedral School

Oxford , England.

Started in 1546

St. Thomas Aquinas

mid-1200s

Italian scholar

Faith and reason come from

God

Being educated and being

religious are not in conflict

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zgDH-0VlXrk

The Crusades

What is the “holy land”?

Military expeditions from Europe to Palestine

Why?

Causes of the Crusades

Desire to pilgrimage to holy lands

Turks made pilgrimages impossible

Princes and merchants hoped to gain power and wealth

Muslim attack on Byzantine Empire – ask Pope for help

Effects of the Crusades

Positive

Negative

The Plague

Bubonic plague

Symptoms?

“Black Death”

Eurasia, mid-1300s

1400 AD: 20-30 million people dead

“Why is this happening to us!?”

The Hundred Years’ War

1337-1456

England v. France

Background

1066: William, Duke of Normandy, conquers

England

Tensions grow about who has right to rule

The Hundred Years War:

Highlights 1337: England attacks

France, claiming land in

Southern France

1428: Joan of Arc leads

French over English at

Orleans

1453: English expelled from

France

New Weapons

Longbow:

Gunpowder:

End of the Middle Ages

Absolute Monarch:

Large, powerful nations with a

single, strong, ruler

Early Modern Europe

Stronger monarchs

Rising importance of trade

Common people loyal to the

king

English Government

1100 and 1200s: power starts to shift away from

the monarch

Magna Carta

Detailed the rights of nobles

Limits the rights of kings

King John signs 1215

Provisions?

Representative Government

Parliament:

2 houses

Commons

Lords

Collects taxes

Introduce and

pass laws

Independent Judiciary

Why should judges be “independent”?

Stop gov’t from passing unfair laws

Right of “habeas corpus”