Physical Physical DevelopmentDevelopmentHeight & Weight Height & Weight

ChangesChangesGrows 2 – 3 inches by age 11Grows 2 – 3 inches by age 11

Gains 5 – 7 pounds per yearGains 5 – 7 pounds per year

NutritionNutritionLevel of nutrition affects livesLevel of nutrition affects lives

Better nutrition affects peer Better nutrition affects peer relationships, emotional relationships, emotional responding, activity level, & responding, activity level, & cognitive performancecognitive performance

Cultural growth patternsCultural growth patternsVariations result from Variations result from

geneticsgeneticsDiet affects genetic, racial, & Diet affects genetic, racial, & ethnic differencesethnic differences

Childhood Childhood ObesityObesity

1 Child in 18 in U.S. is 1 Child in 18 in U.S. is ObeseObeseRisk heart disease, diabetes, Risk heart disease, diabetes, & becoming overweight adult& becoming overweight adult

Combination of Heredity Combination of Heredity & Environment& EnvironmentCultural predispositions but Cultural predispositions but not a matter of geneticsnot a matter of geneticsPoor diet, lack of exercise, & Poor diet, lack of exercise, & sedentary lifestylesedentary lifestyle

Treating ObesityTreating ObesityNeed to learn to control Need to learn to control eating habitseating habitsControl the food at homeControl the food at home

Health IssuesHealth IssuesAsthmaAsthmaChronic condition characterized by periodic Chronic condition characterized by periodic attacks of wheezing, coughing, & shortness attacks of wheezing, coughing, & shortness of breathof breath

5% of children in U.S. are sufferers5% of children in U.S. are sufferers

Triggered by: colds & flus, pollution, Triggered by: colds & flus, pollution, cigarette smoke, dust mites, animal dander cigarette smoke, dust mites, animal dander & excretions, stress, & exercise& excretions, stress, & exercise

Psychological Psychological DisordersDisorders5% of preteens suffer from depression, 13% 5% of preteens suffer from depression, 13% between 9 & 17 from anxiety disordersbetween 9 & 17 from anxiety disorders

Children’s symptoms not the same as Children’s symptoms not the same as adultsadults

Treatment with drugs can be a problemTreatment with drugs can be a problem

Motor Motor DevelopmentDevelopment

Gross Motor Gross Motor SkillsSkillsNo reason to separate boys & girls in physical exercise until puberty

Fine Motor SkillsFine Motor SkillsIncrease in myelination produces finer abilities

By 11 & 12 they can manipulate objects with almost the same dexterity as adults

Social Benefits of Social Benefits of Physical Physical CompetenceCompetenceAthletic competence = social desirability

Sensory Sensory DifficultiesDifficulties

Visual ImpairmentVisual ImpairmentBlindness – visual acuity less than Blindness – visual acuity less than 20/200 with correction20/200 with correctionPartial blindness – visual acuity of Partial blindness – visual acuity of 20/70 after correction20/70 after correction

Auditory Auditory ImpairmentImpairment1% - 2% of school age children 1% - 2% of school age children are affectedare affectedThe adaptation depends on the The adaptation depends on the child’s agechild’s ageAuditory difficulties are Auditory difficulties are sometimes accompanied by sometimes accompanied by speech impairmentsspeech impairments

AD/HDAD/HDCharacteristics:Characteristics:Inattention, impulsiveness, low-Inattention, impulsiveness, low-frustration tolerance, & a lot of frustration tolerance, & a lot of inappropriate activityinappropriate activity

3% - 7% of those under 18 are 3% - 7% of those under 18 are affectedaffected

Drugs are short-term helpDrugs are short-term help

Behavior therapy is a useful Behavior therapy is a useful treatment along with drugstreatment along with drugs

Full-Inclusion Full-Inclusion ClassesClasses

Least Restrictive Least Restrictive EnvironmentEnvironmentThe setting most similar to that of The setting most similar to that of children without special needs for a children without special needs for a full educationfull education

Special needs children, by law, Special needs children, by law, must be integrated into the regular must be integrated into the regular classrooms & regular activities to classrooms & regular activities to the fullest extent possiblethe fullest extent possible

MainstreamingMainstreamingIntegrating special needs children as Integrating special needs children as much as possible into traditional much as possible into traditional educational system & provide them educational system & provide them with a broad range of educational with a broad range of educational alternativesalternatives

Full-InclusionFull-InclusionIntegrating all students, even those Integrating all students, even those with severe disabilities into regular with severe disabilities into regular classroomsclassrooms