Midwestern Baptist Theological Seminary

DR 37380-01 The Modern Era

INSTRUCTOR/CLASS INFORMATION

Professor: Dr. Jason G. Duesing

Office Phone: 816-414-3700 Office Email: jduesing@mbts.edu

Professor: Dr. Owen Strachan

Office Phone: 816-414-3700 Office Email: ostrachan@mbts.edu

Professor: Dr. Thomas Kidd Office Email: thomas_kidd@baylor.edu

Semester: Spring Year: 2021 Credit: 4 hours

On-Campus Dates: April 19-23, 2021

Class Times: Monday 1-5 pm; Tues-Thurs 8am – 5 pm; Friday 8 am – 12 pm

Location: MBTS Campus, Kansas City, MO

COURSE DESCRIPTION

37380 The Modern Era

A seminar on the major events in the history and thought of Christianity from the post-Reformation

period onwards. The seminar will include such topics as the emergence of Baptists, Revivals and

Awakenings, the Age of Enlightenment, the Modern Missions Movement, the rise of Liberal Theology,

the emergence of Cults and New Religious Movements, and Christians and Social Action.

COURSE OBJECTIVES AND INDICATORS

In the process of completion of DR 373780 through reading, class participation, and papers students

should be able to:

1. Clearly articulate an advanced understanding of various aspects of the history and theology of the

Christian Church in the Modern Era.

2. Demonstrate competence in historical and theological research skills.

3. Clearly define and evaluate various methods of biblical interpretation used in the history and

thought of the Christian church in the Modern Era.

4. Demonstrate competence in applying the lessons of the modern period of Christian history to

modern issues in Christian ministry and contemporary culture.

The above outlined objectives will be measured as follows:

Types of Assignments to Objectives Matrix

Assignments

Objective 1 Objective 2 Objective 3

Objective 4

Readings X X

Writing paper X X X X

Presentation X X X

Discussion/Dialogue

Participation X X X X

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TEXT BOOKS & REQUIRED READING

1. Early Modern Era History and Historical Theology

Frey, Slvia R. and Betty Wood. Come Shouting to Zion: African American Protestantism in

the American South and British Caribbean to 1830. The University of North Carolina Press,

1998. ISBN: 780807846810 $45.00 213 pages.

Kidd, Thomas S. The Great Awakening: The Roots of Evangelical Christianity in Colonial

America. Yale University Press, 2009. ISBN: 9780300158465 $27.00 324 pages.

2. Jonathan Edwards

Edwards, Jonathan. The Works of Jonathan Edwards, Vol. 2: Religious Affections. Yale

University Press, 2009. ISBN: 9780300158410 $29.00 536 pages.

Edwards, Jonathan and Kyle Strobel. Charity and Its Fruits: Living in the Light of God’s

Love. Crossway, 2012. ISBN:9781433529702 $20.00 352 pages.

Strachan, Owen and Douglas Sweeney, The Essential Jonathan Edwards: An Introduction to

the Life and Teaching of America’s Greatest Theologian. ISBN: 78080241821X $15.00 428

pages.

3. Later Modern Era History and Historical Theology

Marsden, George M. Fundamentalism and American Culture. Second Edition. Oxford:

Oxford University Press, 2006. ISBN: 9780195300475 $19.00 260 pages.

Strachan, Owen. Awakening the Evangelical Mind. Zondervan, 2015. ISBN: 9780310520795

$18.00 180 pages.

5. Modern Era Primary Sources

Yeager, Jonathan M. Early Evangelicalism: A Reader. Oxford University Press, 2013. ISBN:

9780199916979 $42.95 424 pages*

*Students select and read only twenty (20) selections of interest.

6. Required Reading: Book Review

Please pick a (1) book that aligns with your own area of research the most or desired area

for further study. Turn in your top three choices in Canvas; the professors will make a final

decision. If you would like to read and review a book not listed, please submit that title for

consideration.

For any of the primary sources, students are to locate their own copies of these selection via

the MBTS library or online sources. As long as the original text is used, the specific edition

does not matter.

Barth, Karl. Church Dogmatics. via Keith L. Johnson. The Essential Karl Barth: A Reader

and Commentary. Baker Academic, 2019. 384 pages.

Ford, David. The Modern Theologians, 3rd Edition. Wiley-Blackwell, 2005. 842 pages.

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Holifield, E. Brooks. Theology in America: Christian Thought from the Age of the

Puritans to the Civil War. New Haven & London: Yale University Press, 2003. 640 pages.

Machen, J. Gresham. Christianity and Liberalism. 1923.

Walter Rauschenbusch, A Theology for the Social Gospel. 1917.

Schleiermacher, Friedrich. On Religion: Speeches to Its Cultured Despisers. 1799.

von Harnack, Adolf. What is Christianity? 1901.

Warfield, B.B. Revelation and Inspiration. 1932.

REQUIREMENTS FOR DOCTORAL CREDIT

1. Assignments:

A. Required Reading and Class Participation (10%)

Each student will be required to read the required textbooks. On or before the first day of

the on-campus portion of the seminar, each student will submit a statement attesting that

he or she has read all of the assigned texts with reasonable care. A reading schedule is

included at the end of the syllabus in the Seminar Outline.

Each student will be responsible for doctoral quality class participation. This will include

paper presentations, as well as general discussions. Additionally, students will be graded

on their thoroughness and thoughtfulness in responding to questions posed by the

instructors as well as participation in seminar discussion. The following factors will be

the basis for the assignment of letter grades for class discussion:

Student attends and participates in discussion.

Student shows evidence of having read the material.

Student indicates understanding of the material.

Student can apply the information when presented with examples.

Student understands how a given point relates to the larger reading and study of

the topic.

Careful reading of all assignments, as well as participation in critical discussions of all

readings, are expected of each seminar participant for each seminar meetings.

B. Critical Book Reviews and Reading Discussion Notes (45%)

Students will write (1) Critical Book Review that will be presented in class and used to

facilitate class discussion over that topic reading(s). The reviews should strictly follow

the doctoral style guide, be doctoral level quality, and be 8-10 pages, typed, double-

spaced, 12 pt. Times New Roman. The reviews should include a brief summary and use

the majority of the paper for critical interaction. The review should conclude with two

“Questions for Further Discussion” to help launch the in-seminar discussion. The review

must be posted via Canvas by 9 p.m., the evening prior to the start of the seminar.

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Book review selections will be given on a first come first served basis. The student

should request a book to review from the final section of the readings or request another

related title via the Canvas Topic Request assignment to the professors and he or she

should list their first, second, and third choices from the groups listed above by February

22, 2021. The professors will respond with the assigned topics by February 24 so the

students can begin work on their assignments.

Students will write eight (8) Discussion Notes for the first assigned readings grouped

above (Required Readings #1-5) and submit to Canvas by 9:00 p.m. the evening prior to

the start of the seminar.

The (8) Discussion Notes should be 1-2 pages minimum, typed, single-spaced, 12 pt.

Times New Roman with only the student’s name and titles of the reading assignments at

the top of the first page. The Discussion Notes will clearly state the book(s) thesis and

should be written to enable the student to participate in the seminar discussions. The

Discussion Notes will conclude with three questions the student has about the reading to

prompt in-seminar conversation. Each student will be assigned one of the readings to

serve as the discussion leader for that in-seminar discussion. No further preparation is

required. See the following example for the Discussion Notes:

[First line] Author and Book, following Book Review format. The student’s name should

follow justified to the far right margin:

Baptists Through the Centuries: A History of a Global People. By David W. Bebbington.

Pp. xii, 315. Waco, TX: Baylor University Press, 2010. £32. 978 1 602 58204 0

Jason G. Duesing

Thesis

This should be the last thing you write. A helpful exercise might be to take a first

pass at the thesis after you read the introduction and then compare once you have

completed the reading.

Notes

Questions for Discussion

C. Prospectus & Bibliography (5%)

Students will prepare and submit a one (1) page prospectus and preliminary bibliography

for the research paper. The prospectus is a summary of the thesis and intentions of the

paper. The prospectus and bibliography must be submitted via Canvas to the professors

by 11:59 pm on March 8, 2021.

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D. Research Paper & Presentation (40%)

Students will write a theological essay of at least 20 pages on a topic related to Modern

Era theology or history. The student may request permission to write on another

individual. The paper must utilize primary sources and advance and defend a clear thesis.

Topics will be approved on a first come first served basis. The student should request a

topic via the Canvas assignment by February 22, 2021 The professors will respond with

the assigned topics by February 24 so the students can begin work on their Prospectus &

Bibliography assignment.

Papers on individuals should focus on their theological contribution or significance in

church history, using their biography as a lens to discuss theological themes. Papers on

councils, confessions, or movements should focus on the historical setting and any

theological controversy surrounding the confession or movement.

The recommended doctoral style-guide the standard for the writing of formal papers at

Midwestern. Papers with grammatical and spelling errors will be penalized. Long and

lengthy block quotes are not preferred. The research paper will be shared by the

professors via to all students in the course by the start of the seminar. The date of

presentation will be determined during the first seminar meeting.

The student will present his or her paper during the week of class and will then rework

the paper in light of the class feedback for final submission by June 4, 2021. The initial

paper is worth 12% of the paper grade and the rewrite is worth 18% of the paper. The

class presentation will constitute 10% of the paper grade. The research paper must be

posted via Canvas by 9 p.m., the evening prior to the start of the seminar.

2. Class Attendance:

Attendance at all sessions of any doctoral seminar is mandatory. Students may not miss

more than one hour of any doctoral seminar at Midwestern Baptist Theological Seminary.

3. Late Assignments:

At the doctoral level, late work is unacceptable. Late work will not be accepted although

consideration will be given on a case by case basis in the event of exceptional circumstances,

such as a major illness or death in the family.

4. Typing:

All assignments are to be typed with the Midwestern Style Manual as your template. Please

use a size 12, Times New Roman with one (1) inch margins on all four sides of the text.

Double-space the text and use only left margin justification. Please save documents as Last

Name, First Name- Course Number- Title of Paper.

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5. General Requirements for Written and Oral Projects:

A. This course is offered at the doctoral level and the work will be evaluated as such. Four

credit hours will be awarded upon successful completion of the course.

B. An exceptionally high quality of writing and grammar usage is important in the production

of all class work and assignments. Assignments that show a lack of attention and low

proficiency in writing and grammar skills will be returned ungraded for correction and

resubmission. If that makes the paper late, late penalties will be assessed.

C. Required resource to guide your research and writing:

Midwestern Seminary Manual of Style (latest edition).

D. Make duplicates and keep copies of ALL assignments. Paper and electronic copies are like

“academic insurance.”

E. Plagiarism is forbidden. Plagiarism is the use of another person’s words or ideas in ways

that cause those words or ideas to appear as if they are your own. The source of the words

and ideas of others must be cited. Any assignment in which plagiarism is determined will

receive an automatic zero (0) without any opportunity of make-up.

6. Computation of Final Grade:

Assignments are worth various points. The maximum points a student can accumulate is 100.

Reading and Class Participation 10%

Critical Book Review 25%

Reading Outlines 20%

Prospectus and Bibliography 5%

Research Paper 40%

TOTAL: 100 points

7. Final grades will be awarded on the following point system:

A 97+ A- 94-96.9

B+ 90-93.9 B 87-89.9 B- 85-86.9

C+ 82-84.9 C 78-81.9 C- 760-77.9

D+ 730-75.9 D 690-72.9 D- 650-68.9

F 64.9 or less

In doctoral work, a grade of less than a B- is considered not passing

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GENERAL INFORMATION

1. GPA System adopted by MBTS is:

A 4.0 B- 2.7 D+ 1.3

A- 3.7 C+ 2.3 D 1.0

B+ 3.3 C 2.0 D- 0.7

B 3.0 C- 1.7 F 0.00

2. Method of Instruction:

The following methods of instruction will be included in this course:

A. Discussion Boards

B. Group Discussion and Dialogue

C. Written Assignments

D. Research Papers

E. Reading

F. Presentations

3. Disabilities:

The student has the responsibility of informing the professor of any medically documented

disabling condition that will require modifications to avoid discrimination. Reasonable

accommodations will be jointly developed between student and professor. The student is

responsible to initiate any request for accommodations. Documentation may be required.

SEMINAR OUTLINE (Subject to Adjustment)

Dates Suggested Reading

Schedule

Assignments

February 22 Frey Class begins. Students submit their top 3 books to

review and preferred research paper topic

February 24 Book Review & Research Paper topics assigned

March 1 Kidd

March 8 Edwards Prospectus & Bibliography due

March 15 Edwards

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March 22 Edwards

March 29 Marsden/Strachan

April 5 Yeagar

April 12 Book Review Selection

April 18 Book Review due by 9 p.m.

Research Paper (presentation draft) due by 9 p.m.

Reading Outlines (12) due by 9 p.m.

On Campus

Date

8:30 a.m.-Noon

1:30-4:15 p.m. 7:00-9:00 p.m.

Monday

April 19

• Introduction & Professor

Lectures

• Reading &

Research

Tuesday

April 20 • Book Review

Presentations &

Reading Outline

Discussion

• Book Review

Presentations & Reading

Outline Discussion

• Reading &

Research

Wednesday

April 21 • Book Review

Presentations &

Reading Outline

Discussion

• Research Paper

Presentations

• Reading &

Research

Thursday

April 22 • Research Paper

Presentations

• Research Paper

Presentations

• Reading &

Research

Friday

April 23 • Research Paper

Presentations

June 4 Research Paper (Final Draft) Due

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COURSE BIBLIOGRAPHY

PhD The Modern Era

Methodology

Methods: Historical

Appleby, Joyce Oldham, Lynn Avery Hunt, and Margaret C. Jacob. Telling the Truth about

History. New York: Norton, 1994.

*Bebbington, D. W. Patterns in History: A Christian View. Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press,

1979.

Bowden, Henry Warner. Church History in the Age of Science: Historiographical Patterns in the

United States, 1876-1918. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1991.

________. Church History in an Age of Uncertainty: Historiographical Patterns in the United

States, 1906-1990. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1991.

Bradley, James E. and Richard A. Muller. Church History: An Introduction to Research,

Reference Works, and Methods. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

*Bauman, Michael, and Martin I. Klauber. Historians of the Christian Tradition: Their

Methodology and Influence on Western Thought. Nashville: Broadman and Holman,

1995.

Butterfield, Herbert. The Whig Interpretation of History. London: G. Bell and Sons, 1931;

reprint, New York: Norton, 1965.

________. The Englishman and His History. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1944.

________. Christianity and History. London: Bell, 1950.

________. Man on His Past: The Study of the History of Historical Scholarship. New York:

Cambridge University Press, 1955.

________. Herbert Butterfield: Writings on Christianity and History. Edited by C. T. McIntire.

New York: Oxford University Press, 1979.

*Fischer, David. Historians’ Fallacies. New York: Harper and Row, 1970.

Fredrick, Marcille G. “Doing Justice in History: Using Narrative Frames Responsibly.” In

History and the Christian Historian, ed. Ronald A. Wells, 220-234. Grand Rapids:

Eerdmans, 1998.

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*Goode, Richard C. “The Radical Idea of Christian Scholarship: Plea For A Scandalous

Historiography.” In Restoring the First-Century Church in the Twenty-First Century

Essays on the Stone-Campbell Restoration Movement in Honor of Don Haymes, eds.

Warren Lewis and Hans Rollman, Studies in the History and Culture of World

Christianities 1, 227-42. Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock Pub., 2005.

Hart, Darryl G. “Christian Scholar, Secular Universities, and the Problem of the Antithesis.”

Christian Scholar’s Review 30 (2001): 383-402.

________. “The Divine and Human in the Seminary Curriculum.” Westminster Theological

Journal 65 (2003): 27-44.

________. “History In Search of Meaning: The Conference on Faith and History.” In History

and the Christian Historian, ed. Ronald A. Wells, 68-87. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1998.

Katerberg,William H. “Is There Such A Thing As ‘Christian’ History?” Fides et Historia 34:1

(Winter/Spring 2003): 57-66.

*Kennedy, Rick. “Introduction: The Sacred Calling of History.” Fides et Historia 34:2

(Summer/Fall 2003): 1-6.

Lane, Anthony N. S. John Calvin: Student of the Church Fathers. Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1999.

“‘The Link: Christian History Today’, Conversations with George Marsden and John

Woodbridge,” Christian History 72 (20:4): 50-4.

Marsden, George. “What Difference Might Christian Perspectives Make?” In History and the

Christian Historian, ed. Ronald A. Wells, 11-22. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1998.

________. “A Christian Perspective for the Teaching of History.” In A Christian View of

History? eds. George Marsden and Frank Roberts, 31-49. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans,

1975.

________. “The Spiritual Vision of History.” Fides et Historia 14:1 (Fall/Winter 1981): 55-66.

Marty, Martin E. “The Difference in Being a Christian and the Difference it Makes for History.”

In History and Historical Understanding, eds. C. T. McIntire and Ronald A. Wells, 41-

54. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1984.

McIntire, C. T. Herbert Butterfield: Historian as Dissenter. New Haven, CT: Yale University

Press, 2004.

Mckenzie, Robert T. “Christian Faith and the Study of History: A View from the Classroom.”

Fides et Historia 32:2 (Summer/Fall 2000): 1-15. See George Marsden’s response pp. 16-

18.

Nash, Ronald. Christian Faith and Historical Understanding. Grand Rapids: Academic Renewal

Press, 2002.

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*Noll, Mark. “Traditional Christianity and the Possibility of Historical Knowledge.” Christian

Scholar’s Review 19 (1990): 388-406.

________. “And the Lion Shall Lie Down With The Lamb: The Social Sciences and Religious

History.” Fides et Historia 20 (1998): 5-30.

Sommerville, John C. “Christian Historiography? A Pragmatic Approach.” Fides et Historia

35:1 (Winter/Spring 2003): 1-7.

Stafford, Tim. “Whatever Happened to Christian History?” Christianity Today 45:5 (April

2001): 42-50.

Stout, Harry S. and D. G. Hart. New Directions in American Religious History. New York:

Oxford University Press, 1997.

Sweeny, Douglas A. “Taking a Shot at Redemption: A Lutheran Considers the Calvin College

School of Historiography.” Books and Culture 5 (May/June 1999): 43-45.

Sweet, Leonard I. “Wise as Serpents, Innocent as Doves.” Journal of the American Academy of

Religion, 56:3 (1998): 397-415.

Sweetman, Robert. “Christian Scholarship: Two Reformed Perspectives.” Perspectives: A

Journal of Reformed Thought 16:6 (June/July 2001): 14-19.

Methods: Historical Theology

Barth, Karl. Protestant Theology in the Nineteenth Century: Its Background and History.

Translated by Brian Cozens and John Bowden. new ed. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2002.

Breisach, Ernst. Historiography: Ancient, Medieval, & Modern. 2nd ed. Chicago: University of

Chicago Press, 1994

Chadwick, Owen. From Bossuet to Newman: The Idea of Doctrinal Development. New York:

Cambridge University Press, 1957.

Congar, Yves. Tradition and Traditions: The Biblical, Historical, and Theological Evidence for

Catholic Teaching on Tradition. Translated by Michael Naseby and Thomas

Rainborough. London: Burns and Oates, 1966; reprint, San Diego: Basilica Press, 1996.

________. The Meaning of Tradition. Translated by A.N. Woodrow. New York: Hawthorn

Books, 1964.

Cullmann, Oscar. La Tradition: Problème Exégétique, Historique et Théologique. Paris:

Delachaux et Niestlé, 1953.

Machen, J. Gresham. Christianity and Liberalism. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1923.

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McGrath, Alister. The Genesis of Doctrine: A Study in the Foundation of Doctrinal Criticism.

Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1990.

Mohler, Johann Adam. Symbolism: Exposition of the Doctrinal Differences between Catholics

and Protestants as Evidenced by Their Symbolic Writings. Translated by James Burton

Robertson. 3rd ed. New York: Benziger Bros., 1906; reprint, New York: Crossroad, 1997.

Mozley, J. B. The Theory of Development: A Criticism of Dr. Newman’s Essay on the

Development of Christian Doctrine, Reprinted from ‘The Christian Remembrancer,’

January 1847. New York: E. P. Dutton, 1879.

*Newman, John Henry Cardinal. An Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine. Notre

Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1989.

Niebuhr, Reinhold. Faith and History: A Comparison of Christian and Modern Views of History.

London: Nisbet, 1949.

Orr, James. The Progress of Dogma Being the Elliot Lectures, Delivered at the Western

Theological Seminary, Allegheny, Penna., U.S.A., 1897. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1952.

Pelikan, Jaroslav. Development of Christian Doctrine: Some Historical Prolegomena. New

Haven: Yale University Press, 1969.

Rahner, Karl. “The Development of Dogma.” In God, Christ, Mary and Grace, 39-77. Vol. 1 of

Theological Investigations. Translated by Cornelius Ernst. London: Darton, Longman &

Todd, 1961.

Tillich, Paul. Perspectives on Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Protestant Theology. New

York: Harper, 1967.

Toon, Peter. The Development of Doctrine in the Church. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1979.

*Yarnell, Malcolm B. III. The Formation of Christian Doctrine. Nashville: Broadman and

Holman, 2007.

General Surveys

Church History

*Ahlstrom, Sydney E. and David D. Hall. A Religious History of the American People. rev. ed.

New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004.

Baker, Robert A. and John M. Landers. A Summary of Christian History. 3rd ed. Nashville:

Broadman & Holman, 2005.

Gonzalez, Justo L. The Story of Christianity: The Early Church to the Present Day. Peabody,

MA: Prince Press, 2001.

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Hastings, Adrian, ed. A World History of Christianity. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1999.

________. The Church in Africa, 1450-1950. In Oxford History of the Christian Church, ed.

Henry Chadwick and Owen Chadwick. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994.

*Latourette, Kenneth Scott and Ralph D Winter. A History of Christianity. rev. ed. 2 vols. San

Francisco: Harper & Row, 1975.

Irvin, Dale T. and Scott W. Sunquist. History of The World Christian Movement—Volume I:

Earliest Christianity to 1453. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 2001.

Moffett, Samuel H. A History of Christianity in Asia, Vol. 1, Beginnings to 1500. Maryknoll,

NY: Orbis, 1992.

Neill, Stephen. A History of Christian Missions. Harmonsworth, England: Penguin Books, 1990.

Troeltsch, Ernst. The Social Teachings of the Christian Churches. Translated by Olive Wyon. 2

vols. New York: Barnes & Noble, 1956.

*Walker, Williston, Richard A. Norris, David W. Lotz, and Robert T. Handy. A History of the

Christian Church. 4th ed. New York: Scribner, 1985.

Historical Theology

Berkhof, Louis. The History of Christian Doctrines. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1975.

Bromiley, Geoffrey W. Historical Theology: An Introduction. Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1978.

Fisher, George Park. History of Christian Doctrine. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1896.

Gonzalez, Justo L. A History of Christian Thought. rev. ed. 3 Vols. Nashville: Abingdon, 1987.

*Harnack, Adolph. History of Dogma. Translated by Neil Buchanan. 7 vols. Eugene, OR: Wipf

and Stock, 1997.

Lohse, Bernhard. Epochen der Dogmengeschichte. Hamburger Theologische Studien Bd. 8.

Munster: Lit, 1994.

Lane, Tony. A Concise History of Christian Thought. rev. and enl. New York: T&T Clark, 2006.

Muller, Richard A. Post-Reformation Reformed Dogmatics: The Rise and Development of

Reformed Orthodoxy, ca. 1520 to ca. 1725. 2nd ed. 4 vols. Grand Rapids: Baker

Academic, 2003.

*Pelikan, Jaroslav. The Christian Tradition: A History of the Development of Doctrine. 5 vols.

Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1975.

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Seeberg, Reinhold. Text-Book of the History of Doctrines. Translated by Charles E Hay. Grand

Rapids: Baker, 1954.

Shedd, William.G. T. A History of Christian Doctrine, 2 vols. New York: Charles Scribner &

Co, 1870.

Tillich, Paul. A History of Christian Thought: From Its Judaic and Hellenistic Origins to

Existentialism. Edited by Carl E. Braaten. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1972.

Christianity in the Early Modern Period (1650-1800)

Primary Sources

Carey, William. An Enquiry into the Obligations of Christians to Use Means for the Conversion

of The Heathen. In Classics of Christian Missions. ed. Francis M DuBose. Nashville:

Broadman Press, 1979.

Edwards, Jonathan. Treatise on the Religious Affections. Vol. 2 of The Works of Jonathan

Edwards. Edited by John E. Smith. New Haven: Yale, 1959.

Leslie, Charles. A Short and Easy Method with the Deists. London: Society for Promoting

Christian Knowledge, 1880.

*Outler, Albert C., ed. John Wesley. New York: Oxford University Press, 1964.

Smith, John E. Harry S. Stout, and Kenneth P. Minkema eds. A Jonathan Edwards Reader. New

Haven: Yale, 1995.

*Spener, Philip Jacob. Pia Desideria. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1999.

Tindal, Matthew. Christianity as Old as Creation. British Philosophers and Theologians of the

17th & 18th Centuries. New York: Garland, 1978.

Williams, Roger. The Bloody Tenet of Persecution. Edited by Richard Groves. Macon: Mercer

University Press, 2002.

Secondary Sources

*Aston, Nigel. Christianity and Revolutionary Europe, 1750-1830. Cambridge, Cambridge

University Press, 2002.

Axtell, James. The Invasion Within: The Conquest of Cultures in Colonial North America. New

York: Oxford University Press, 1985.

Black, Jeremy. Eighteenth Century Europe. 2nd ed. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1999.

15

Brown, Raymond. The English Baptists of the Eighteenth Century. A History of the English

Baptists, Vol. 2. Oxford: Baptist Historical Society, 1986.

Byrne, James M. Religion and the Enlightenment: From Descartes to Kant. Louisville:

Westminster John Knox, 1997.

Campbell, T. A. The Religion of the Heart: A Study of European Religious Life in the

Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. Columbia: The University of South Carolina

Press, 1991.

Clark, J. C. D. English Society 1660-1832. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.

Dolan, Jay. The American Catholic Experience: A History from Colonial Times to the Present.

Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1985.

Frey, Sylvia R., and Betty Wood. Come Shouting to Zion: African American Protestantism in the

American South and British Caribbean to 1830. Chapel Hill: University of North

Carolina Press, 1998.

Garrett, James Leo. “Restitution and Dissent among Early English Baptists: Part 1.” Baptist

History and Heritage 12 (October 1977): 198-210, 251.

________. “Restitution and Dissent among Early English Baptists: Part 2.” Baptist History and

Heritage 13 (April 1978): 11-27.

Gaustad, E. S. Liberty of Conscience: Roger Williams in America. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans,

1991.

________. The Great Awakening in New England. New York: Harper, 1957.

Goen, C. C. Broken Churches, Broken Nation: Denominational Schisms and the Coming of the

American Civil War. Macon, GA: Mercer University Press, 1985.

*________. Revivalism and Separatism in New England, 1740-1800: Strict Congregationalists

and Separate Baptists in the Great Awakening. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1962.

Hackett, David G. ed. Religion and American Culture: A Reader. New York: Routledge, 1995.

Hall, David D. Worlds of Wonder, Days of Judgment: Popular Religious Belief in Early New

England. New York: Knopf, 1989.

Hambrick-Stowe, Charles E. The Practice of Piety: Puritan Devotional Disciplines in

Seventeenth-Century New England. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press,

1982.

Hindmarsh, D. Bruce. The Evangelical Conversion Narrative: Spiritual Autobiography in Early

Modern England. New York: Oxford, 2005.

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Holifield, Elmer Brooks. The Covenant Sealed: The Development of Puritan Sacramental

Theology in Old and New England, 1570-1720. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1974.

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