milestones of data visualisation on a 4-quadrant diagram · buildingtheanalytical framework from...

Milestones of data visualisation on a 4-quadrant diagram

Ana Alexandrino da Silva

[email protected]

7th May 2019 – Stories of data session

http://graficosemapas.wordpress.com

2Ana Alexandrino da Silvahttp://graficosemapas.wordpress.com | [email protected]

BIOGRAPHY:

11 years in Statistics Portugal

11 years in Cohesion funds strategic monitoring and cevaluation

Book about Graphics andc Maps

4 years teaching data visualization in Postgrad Program in Lisbon


“Those who don’t know history are doomed to repeat it”

Michael Friendly

Quote from a keynote at the Rostock Retreat on data visualizationin the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research


To learn more about data visualization history www.datavis.ca/milestones

Building the analytical framework● From simple to complex● Why a spiral and not a circle

Seeing the history repeating itself● Before the 16th century there where few examples● Most of the charts were created in the “golden age of graphics” ● Computers put an end to the “modern dark age” of graphics?● Are we back to the modern golden age of graphics? ● What’s next?


Index


Horizontal axisLevel of complexity of the graphics

Simplegraphics

Complex graphics

ISOTYPE – International System Of Typographic Picture Education 1925-1934


What does it mean?Simple versus complex graphics

Dimensions Examples of simple versus complex

Number of visual variables applied Color versus Color+Size+Shape

The visualization needs a legend Without legend versus with legend

Graphical skills Unused to graphics versus with graphical literacy

Level of Detail Sketch versus meticulous drawing

Level of Abstraction Concrete versus Abstract

Level of conventional encoding Culturally Intuitive versus Cultural codification


Vertical axisLevel of complexity of the concepts portrayed

Complex concepts

Simple concepts


What does it mean?Simple versus complex concepts

Dimensions Examples of simple versus complex

Number of variables portrayed Univariate vs multivariate

Relation between variables Without vs with Correlation

Level of education or qualification of the audience Low qualified vs high qualified readers

Open-minded / the ability of being ahead of time Classic vs Innovative

Level of subjectivity of the concepts Objective vs Subjective

Close to reality – everyday life Intuitive versus needs theoretical description


Quadrants

Simple visualizations showing complex concepts

Elaborated visualizations

Simple visualizations Not so easy visualizations showing simple ideas

Complex graphics

Simplegraphics

Complexconcepts

Simpleconcepts


Technological evolution

Ancienthieroglyphics Press

Computer

World WideWeb

Multi Devices

XV century 1800+ 1975+ 2000+

Widespread use

Technological development

Linoleum-cut

300 b.C. 1900+

Lithography


Quadrants & the Technological Evolution

Greatertechnologicaldevelopment


Multi Devices

Lessertechnologicaldevelopment

Quill pen

Pencil



Introducing the tech evolution into this analytical frameworkchanges an continuous circle into na upward spiral

Complex graphics

Simplegraphics

Complexconcepts

Simpleconcepts

Building the analytical framework● From simple to complex● Why a spiral and not a circle

Seeing the history repeating itself● Before the 16th century there where few examples● Most of the charts were created in the “golden age of graphics” ● Computers put an end to the “modern dark age” of graphics?● Are we back to the modern golden age of graphics? ● What’s next?


Index


Before the 16th centurythe earliest days of the data visualization

Complexconcepts

16thcentury

Simple graphics Complex graphics


16thcentury

Hieroglyphs – Ancient Egypt, by 300 BC


16thcentury

Tree of knowledge – Raymond Lulle, France, 1295


After the 16th centurywithout Da vinci, Descartes or Mercator, it could have started much later

Complexconcepts

Simple graphics

17thcentury

16thcentury


Rectangular Coordinate System – Leonardo da Vinci, 1500

16thcentury


17thcentury

Analytical Geometry – René Descartes, France, 1637


18th – 19th centuriesNew graphic forms and early modern graphics (the Golden Age)

Conplexconcepts

Simpleconcepts

18thcentury

19thcentury

Simple graphics

Simple graphics


18thcentury

19thcentury

Commercial and Political Atlas – William Playfair, England, 1786


18thcentury

19thcentury

Statistical Breviary – William Playfair, England, 1801


18thcentury

19thcentury

The clusters of cholera cases in the London epidemic of 1854 – John Snow, England, 1855


18thcentury

19thcentury

Napoleon's disastrous losses suffered during the Russian campaign of 1812 – Charles Minard, France, 1857


End of the 19th century – early 20th centuryThe highest growth of graphic literacy and information socialization

Simpleconcepts

Simpleconcepts

Complex graphics

20thcentury

Complexconcepts

Simple graphics

Simple graphics


20thcentury

Parade of Statistical Graphs – New York, USA, 1913


20thcentury

Museum of Social Statistical Graphics and the ISOTYPE system(International System of Typographic Picture Education)

– Otto Neurath, Vienna, 1927


20thcentury

Map of London’s Underground Railways – Harry Back, London, UK, 1933

Between the 2nd WW and 1970 or the “Modern dark ages”, when graphics became difficult to read & to find


20thcentury

Simpleconcepts

Complex graphics


Diagramming variables in more than 3 dimensions – Edgar Anderson, USA, 1957

20thcentury


The reorderable matrix – Jacques Bertin, France, 1967

20thcentury


Before the 21st centuryComplexifying statistics visualizations: multivariate but harder to read

Complexconcepts

21stcentury

Complex graphics

Complex graphics

Simpleconcepts


21stcentury

Chernoff faces – Herman Chernoff, USA, 1973


21stcentury

Box plot – John W. Tukey, USA, 1977Image from Exploratory Data Analysis, John W. Tukey (1977)


21stcentury

3Dimension charts


Beginning of the 21st century – nowadaysThe modern golden age of graphics

Complexconcepts

Simple graphics

Simple graphics

21stcentury

Complex graphics

Simpleconcepts

Simpleconcepts


21stcentury

Gapminder– Ola Rosling, Anna Rosling Rönnlund and Hans Rosling, Stockholm, Sweden, 2005


21stcentury

Google maps – USA, 2005


21stcentury

Better life index (OECD 50th Anniversary)– Stefan Moritz, Berlin, Germany, 2011


21stcentury

Circular plot showing migration flows between 50 countries in 2005-10– Nicola Sander, Austria, 2014


21stcentury

Iraq: tem years since the invasionGraphic: Paul Scruton. Data: Simon Rogers, Mona Chalabi, Mehdi Atmani,

The Guardian, 2013


21stcentury

Cover mania – Michele Mauri– Information is Beautiful prize winner, 2012


21stcentury

Heat map – Number of Measles cases per 100,000 people,in the USA and the District of Columbia, in the 20th Century

– Tynan DeBold and Dov Friedman, 2015


The future... ??More graphical literacy but less use: heading to a new dark age of graphics?Were are they shown? People will still use interative charts? ???

Simpleconcepts

Simpleconcepts

21stcentury

Simple graphics Complex graphics

Milestones of data visualisation on a 4-quadrant diagram

Ana Alexandrino da Silva

[email protected]

7th May 2019 – Stories of data session

http://graficosemapas.wordpress.com

milestones of data visualisation on a 4-quadrant diagram · buildingtheanalytical framework from...

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