militarism and world war i. militarism definition: the glorification of armed strength there was a...
TRANSCRIPT
Militarism and World War I
Militarism
• Definition: the glorification of armed strength• There was a belief that international problems
could be solved through force (i.e. Prussia)• In the late 1800s European nations built large
armies– One nation would mobilize – ready army and other
resources for combat
– Other nations would do the same to “keep up”
Militarism (continued)
• Armies grew larger as each nation did not want to be weaker than its enemies
• Spending for weapons and fortification of national boundaries multiplied
Military Preparedness
• Large portion of population received military training
• Stockpiles of weapons being created to prepare for conflict escalation of arms race
• Larger amounts of national treasuries were being directed towards military expenditures
What does militarism mean?
a) Having a big army
b) Glorification of armed strength
c) Military training for a country’s population
d) Solving problems by force
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Alliances
• 3 Emperor’s League – secret agreement of neutrality between France, Austria-Hungary, and Russia– Persuaded Italy to align with Germany and
Austria-Hungary
• Triple Alliance – Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy– Isolated France
Alliances (continued)• 3 Emperor’s League ended Russia and
Austria were rivals
• Otto von Bismarck created Reinsurance Treaty – neutrality w/ Russia again
• Great Britain and Russia recognize each others sphere’s of influence and form an alliance
• Triple Entente – Britain, Russia, France
Alliances (continued)
• Central Powers – Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire
• Allied Powers – France, Russia, Britain, Italy, and their allies (included U.S.)
What was the agreement for the 3 Emperor’s League?
a) Protect each other if attacked
b) Help each other build arms
c) Neutrality
d) Loan each other money in crises
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Britain, Russia, France and their allies formed what alliance?
a) Triple Entente
b) Central Powers
c) Triple Alliance
d) Allied Powers
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Causes of World War I• Serbia wanted to increase size by annexing
Bosnia-Herzegovina– Russia supported Serbia
• Pan-Slavism – political and cultural unity of all Slavs under Russian leadership
• Heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, Archduke Francis Ferdinand assassinated by a Serbian nationalist ***“spark” that started WWI***
• Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia
Causes of World War I (continued)
• Russia backs Serbia and mobilizes troops to Austro-Hungarian border
• Germany issues ultimatum on Russia to retreat– Germany declares war on Russia
– Afraid that France would side with Russia, Germany declares war on France
• Britain declares war on Germany after Germany invaded Belgium
What can be considered the “spark” that lead to WWI?
a) Serbia’s desire for Bosnia-Herzegovina
b) Russia mobilizing troops to Austro-Hungarian border
c) Germany’s ultimatum on Russia
d) Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand
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Innovations of Warfare
• Machine gun – lead to trench warfare to avoid rapid fire
• Tank – British invention, allowed them to tear through barbed wire
• Airplane – used to observe troop movements– Sometimes used for dogfights and bombings
Innovations of Warfare (continued)
• Submarines – Germans used U-Boats (underwater boat)
• Poison gas – used by Germans• Total war – nation turns all resources to aid
war effort• Propaganda – ideas, facts, rumors spread
deliberately to further one’s cause or damage an opponent
Wilson’s 14 Points
• General Points – 1. no secret treaties 2. freedom of seas for all nations
3. removal of all econ. barriers &
tariffs
4. reduction of arms
5. fair adjustment of all colonial
territories
14. establishment of a “general
assoc. of nations”
Treaty of Versailles
• Big 4 – Wilson (US), George (UK), Orlando (Italy), Clemenceau (France)
• Territorial adjustments on Germany – Left economy vulnerable
• Restricted German army to 100,000, navy to 15,000
Discussion Question
In what ways was World War I inevitable?
Write down your thoughts and ideas to share with the class!!!