mind tree draft

8/22/2019 Mind Tree Draft

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DRAFT RED HERRING PROSPECTUS

Dated December 11, 2006

Please read section 60B of the Companies Act, 1956(The Draft Red Herring Prospectus will be updated upon filing with the RoC)

100% Book Building Issue

MindTree Consulting Limited(We were incorporated as MindTree Consulting Private Limited on August 5, 1999. Our status was subsequently changed to a public limited company by a specialresolution of the members passed at the annual general meeting held on September 27, 2006. The fresh certificate of incorporation consequent on change of name

was granted to our Company on November 6, 2006 by the Registrar of Companies, Karnataka.)Registered Office: MindTree House, No. 3, Block A, No. 42, 27th Cross, Banashankari 2nd Stage, Bangalore 560 070, India

For changes in our registered office see History and Certain Corporate Matters on page 103.Company Secretary and Compliance Officer: Rostow Ravanan

Tel: (91 80) 2671 1777/ 2671 2777, Fax: (91 80) 2671 4000, Email: [email protected], Website: www.mindtree.com

PUBLIC ISSUE OF 5,593,300 EQUITY SHARES OF RS. 10 EACH FOR CASH AT A PRICE OF RS [] PER EQUITY SHARE INCLUDING ASHARE PREMIUM OF RS. [] PER EQUITY SHARE (THE ISSUE) BY MINDTREE CONSULTING LIMITED (THE COMPANY OR THE

ISSUER), AGGREGATING RS. [] MILLION. THE ISSUE COMPRISES A NET ISSUE OF 4,940,740 EQUITY SHARES OF RS. [] EACH (THENET ISSUE), A RESERVATION OF UP TO 372,900 EQUITY SHARES OF RS. [] EACH FOR OUR ELIGIBLE EMPLOYEES (THE

EMPLOYEE RESERVATION PORTION) AND A RESERVATION OF UP TO 279,660 EQUITY SHARES OF RS. [] EACH FOR OUR BUSINESS

ASSOCIATES (THE BUSINESS ASSOCIATE RESERVATION PORTION). THE ISSUE LESS THE EMPLOYEE RESERVATION PORTION

AND THE BUSINESS ASSOCIATE RESERVATION PORTION IS REFERRED TO AS THE NET ISSUE. THE ISSUE WOULD CONSTITUTE

15% OF THE FULLY DILUTED POST ISSUE PAID-UP CAPITAL OF THE COMPANY. THE NET ISSUE WILL CONSTITUTE 13.25% OF THE

FULLY DILUTED POST ISSUE PAID-UP CAPITAL OF THE COMPANY.

PRICE BAND: RS. [y

] TO RS. [y

] PER EQUITY SHARE OF FACE VALUE OF RS. 10.THE FACE VALUE OF THE EQUITY SHARES IS RS. 10 AND THE FLOOR PRICE IS [ ] TIMES OF THE FACE VALUE AND THE CAP PRICE

IS [] TIMES OF THE FACE VALUE

In case of revision in the Price Band, the Bidding Period will be extended for three additional days after revision of the Price Band subject to the BiddingPeriod/Issue Period not exceeding 10 working days. Any revision in the Price Band and the revised Bidding/Issue Period, if applicable, will be widelydisseminated by notification to the National Stock Exchange of India Limited (NSE) and the Bombay Stock Exchange Limited (BSE), by issuing a pressrelease, and also by indicating the change on the websites of the Book Running Lead Managers and the Co Book Running Lead Manager and at the terminals ofthe Syndicate.In terms of Rule 19(2)(b) of the Securities Contract Regulation Rules, 1957 (SCRR), this being an Issue for less than 25% of the postIssue capital, the Issueis being made through the 100% Book Building Process wherein at least 60% of the Net Issue will be allocated on a proportionate basis to Qualified InstitutionalBuyers (QIBs), out of which 5% shall be available for allocation on a proportionate basis to Mutual Funds only. The remainder shall be available forallocation on a proportionate basis to all QIBs including Mutual Funds, subject to valid bids being received from them at or above the Issue Price. If at least 60%of the Net Issue cannot be allocated to QIBs, then the entire application money will be refunded forthwith. Further, up to 10% of the Net Issue will be availablefor allocation on a proportionate basis to Non-Institutional Bidders and up to 30% of the Net Issue will be available for allocation on a proportionate basis toRetail Individual Bidders, subject to valid bids being received at or above the Issue Price. Further, up to 372,900 Equity Shares shall be available for allocationon a proportionate basis to the Eligible Employees and up to 279,660 Equity Shares shall be available for allocation on a proportionate basis to the BusinessAssociates, subject to valid Bids being received at or above the Issue Price.

RISK IN RELATION TO THE FIRST ISSUEThis being the first public issue of Equity Shares of the Company, there has been no formal market for the Equity Shares of the Company. The face value of theEquity Shares is Rs.10 per Equity Share and the Issue Price is [y] times of the face value. The Issue Price (as determined by the Company, in consultation withthe Book Running Lead Managers, on the basis of assessment of market demand for the Equity Shares offered by way of book building) should not be taken tobe indicative of the market price of the Equity Shares after the Equity Shares are listed. No assurance can be given regarding an active and/or sustained tradingin the Equity Shares of the Company or regarding the price at which the Equity Shares will be traded after listing. We have not opted for a grading of thisIssue from a credit rating agency.

GENERAL RISKSInvestments in equity and equity-related securities involve a degree of risk and investors should not invest any funds in this Issue unless they can afford to takethe risk of losing their investment. Investors are advised to read the risk factors carefully before taking an investment decision in this Issue. For taking aninvestment decision, investors must rely on their own examination of the Issuer and the Issue including the risks involved. The Equity Shares offered in theIssue have not been recommended or approved by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), nor does SEBI guarantee the accuracy or adequacy othis Draft Red Herring Prospectus. Specific attention of the investors is invited to Risk Factors on page (x).

ISSUERS ABSOLUTE RESPONSIBILITYThe Issuer having made all reasonable inquiries, accepts responsibility for and confirms that this Draft Red Herring Prospectus contains all information withregard to the Company and the Issue, which is material in the context of the Issue, that the information contained in this Draft Red Herring Prospectus is trueand correct in all material aspects and is not misleading in any material respect, that the opinions and intentions expressed herein are honestly held and thatthere are no other facts, the omission of which makes this Draft Red Herring Prospectus as a whole or any of such information or the expression of any suchopinions or intentions misleading in any material respect.

LISTING ARRANGEMENTThe Equity Shares offered through this Draft Red Herring Prospectus are proposed to be listed on the NSE and the BSE. We have received in-principle

approval from NSE and BSE for the listing of our Equity Shares pursuant to letters dated [ ] and [], respectively. For purposes of this Issue, the DesignatedStock Exchange is [].

BOOK RUNNING LEAD MANAGERS REGISTRAR TO THE ISSUE

Kotak Mahindra Capital Company Limited

3rd Floor, Bakhtawar, 229Nariman Point, Mumbai 400 021, IndiaTel: (91 22) 6634 1100Fax: (91 22) 2284 0492Email: [email protected]: www.kotak.comContact Person: Mr. Chandrakant Bhole

JM Morgan Stanley Private Limited

141 Maker Chambers IIINariman Point, Mumbai 400 021, IndiaTel: (91 22) 6630 3030Fax: (91 22) 2204 7185Email: [email protected]: www.jmmorganstanley.comContact Person: Mr. Vibhor Kumar

Intime Spectrum Registry Limited

C-13, Pannalal Silk Mills Compound, L.B.S. MargBhandup West, Mumbai 400 078, IndiaTel: (91 22) 2596 0320Fax: (91 22) 2596 0329Email: [email protected]: www.intimespectrum.comContact Person: Mr. Vishwas Attavar

BID/ISSUE PROGRAMME

BID/ISSUE OPENS ON: [] BID/ISSUE CLOSES ON: []
http://www.mindtree.com/mailto:mindtree.ipo@kotakhttp://www.kotak/mailto:[email protected]://www.jmmorganstanley/http://www.intimespectrum.com/http://www.intimespectrum.com/http://www.jmmorganstanley/mailto:[email protected]://www.kotak/mailto:mindtree.ipo@kotakhttp://www.mindtree.com/


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION 1- GENERAL.. II

DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS. II

CERTAIN CONVENTION, PRESENTATION OF FINANCIAL, INDUSTRY AND MARKETDATA..

VIII

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS... IX

SECTION II- RISK FACTORS... X

SECTION III- INTRODUCTION... 26

SUMMARY OF BUSINESS STRENGTHS AND STRATEGY.. 26

SUMMARY FINANCIAL INFORMATION. 30

THE ISSUE. 33

GENERAL INFORMATION. 34

CAPITAL STRUCTURE 43

OBJECTS OF THE ISSUE. 58

BASIS FOR ISSUE PRICE. 62

STATEMENT OF TAX BENEFITS.. 65

SECTION IV- ABOUT THE COMPANY. 71

INDUSTRY. 71

OUR BUSINESS. 74

REGULATIONS AND POLICIES. 97

HISTORY AND CERTAIN CORPORATE MATTERS... 103

OUR MANAGEMENT.. 109

OUR PROMOTERS 122

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS. 128

DIVIDEND POLICY. 129

SECTION V- FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.. 130SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN INDIAN GAAP, IFRS AND USGAAP..

159

MANAGEMENTS DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OFOPERATIONS

165

FINANCIAL INDEBTEDNESS. 183

SECTION VI- LEGAL AND OTHER INFORMATION. 188

OUTSTANDING LITIGATION AND MATERIALDEVELOPMENTS.

188

GOVERNMENT APPROVALS. 190

OTHER REGULATORY AND STATUTORY DISCLOSURES. 198

SECTION VII- ISSUE INFORMATION... 206

TERMS OF THE ISSUE. 206

ISSUE STRUCTURE.. 209

ISSUE PROCEDURE. 212

RESTRICTIONS ON FOREIGN OWNERSHIP OF INDIAN SECURITIES.. 239

SECTION VIII- MAIN PROVISIONS OF THE ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION.. 240

SECTION IX- OTHER INFORMATION. 274

MATERIAL CONTRACTS AND DOCUMENTS FOR INSPECTION... 274

DECLARATION. 276


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SECTION I- GENERAL

DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS

Company Related Terms

Term DescriptionMindTree, we, us, our,Issuer, the Company andour Company.

Unless the context otherwise indicates or implies, refers to MindTree ConsultingLimited, a public limited company incorporated under the Act

Articles Articles of Association of our Company

ASAP ASAP Solutions Private Limited

ARSPL Arachno Solutions Private Limited

Auditors The statutory auditors of our Company, BSR & Associates

Board/ Board of Directors Board of Directors of our Company

Directors Directors of MindTree Consulting Limited, unless otherwise specified

Memorandum Memorandum of Association of our Company

Registered OfficeMindTree House, No. 3, Block A, No. 42, 27th Cross, Banashankari 2nd Stage,

Bangalore 560 070DSOP 2006 Directors Stock Option Plan 2006 (for independent directors)

ESOP Plans Collectively ESOP 1999, ESOP 2001, ESOP 2006 (a) and ESOP 2006 (b)

ESOP 1999

Employee Stock Option Programme 1 adopted for the benefit of employees whojoined our Company on or before September 30, 2001 or to whom offers were madeprior to August 7, 2001. The plan was valid from August 5, 1999 to September 30,2001

ESOP 2001Employee Stock Option Programme 2 adopted for the benefit of employees whojoined our Company on or after October 1, 2001 or to whom offers were made afterAugust 7, 2001. The plan was valid from October 1, 2001 to April 30, 2006

ESOP 2006 (a)Employee Stock Option Programme 3 adopted for the benefit of employees whojoined our Company on or after April 1, 2005. The Plan was valid till October 24,2006

ESOP 2006 (b)Employee Stock Option Programme 4 for the employees of the Company asapproved by the shareholders by way of a resolution dated November 16, 2006 andsubsequent amendments

Promoters Ashok Soota, Subroto Bagchi, N. Krishna Kumar, S. Janakiraman, N.S.Parthasarathy, Rostow Ravanan, Kalyan Kumar Banerjee, Scott Staples, KamranOzair, Anjan Lahiri and LSO Investment (P) Limited

Shareholders Agreement

Amended and Restated Shareholders Agreement entered into between us, ourPromoters, Walden Software Investments Limited, Global Technology VenturesLimited and Capital International Global Emerging Markets Private Equity Fund,L.P. on November 15, 2006 and amendment thereto on December 5, 2006.

Issue Related Terms

Term Description

Allotment/Allot Unless the context otherwise requires, the allotment and transfer of Equity Shares,pursuant to the Issue

Allottee The successful Bidder to whom the Equity Shares are/ have been issued ortransferred

Banker(s) to the Issue []

Bid An indication to make an offer during the Bidding Period by a prospective investor tosubscribe to the Equity Shares of our Company at a price within the Price Band,including all revisions and modifications thereto

Bid / Issue Closing Date The date after which the Syndicate will not accept any Bids for the Issue, which shallbe notified in a widely circulated English national newspaper, a Hindi nationalnewspaper and a Kannada newspaper with wide circulation

Bid / Issue Opening Date The date on which the Syndicate shall start accepting Bids for the Issue, which shallbe the date notified in a widely circulated English national newspaper, a Hindinational newspaper and a Kannada newspaper with wide circulation

Bid Amount The highest value of the optional Bids indicated in the Bid cum Application Formand payable by the Bidder on submission of the Bid in the Issue

Bid cum Application Form The form in terms of which the Bidder shall make an offer to purchase Equity Sharesof our Company in terms of the Red Herring Prospectus and the Bid cum Application


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Term Description

Form

Bidder Any prospective investor who makes a Bid pursuant to the terms of the Red HerringProspectus and the Bid cum Application Form

Bidding / Issue Period The period between the Bid/ Issue Opening Date and the Bid/ Issue Closing Dateinclusive of both days and during which prospective Bidders can submit their Bids

Book Building Process/Method

Book building route as provided in Chapter XI of the SEBI Guidelines, in terms owhich this Issue is being made

Book Running LeadManagers/BRLMs

Book Running Lead Managers to the Issue, in this case being Kotak MahindraCapital Company Limited and JM Morgan Stanley Private Limited

Business Associates Customers of the Company incorporated in India and current customers of the

Company as of []

Business Associate ReservationPortion

The portion of the Issue being up to 279,660 Equity Shares available for allocation toBusiness Associates

CAN/ Confirmation ofAllocation Note

Means the note or advice or intimation of allocation of Equity Shares sent to theBidders who have been allocated Equity Shares after discovery of the Issue Pricein accordance with the Book Building Process

Cap Price The higher end of the Price Band, above which the Issue Price will not be finalizedand above which no Bids will be accepted

Co-Book Running LeadManager/CBRLM

Co-Book Running Lead Manager to the Issue, in this case being J.P. Morgan IndiaPrivate Limited

Cut-off Price The Issue Price finalised by our Company in consultation with the BRLMs

Depository/Depositories A depository registered with SEBI under the SEBI (Depositories and Participant)Regulations, 1996, as amended from time to time, in this case being NSDL andCDSL

Depositories Act The Depositories Act, 1996 as amended from time to time

Depository Participant/DP A depository participant as defined under the Depositories Act

Designated Date The date on which funds are transferred from the Escrow Account to the PublicIssue Account after the Prospectus is filed with the RoC, following which theBoard of Directors shall allot Equity Shares to successful Bidders

Designated Stock Exchange []

Draft Red Herring Prospectus This Draft Red Herring Prospectus filed with SEBI on December 11, 2006, issuedin accordance with Section 60B of the Companies Act, and the SEBI Guidelineswhich do not contain, inter alia, complete particulars on the price at which theEquity Shares are offered and the size (in terms of value) of the Issue

ECS Electronic Clearing Service

Eligible Employee Permanent employees of the Company who are Indian nationals based in India as

of [] and are present in India on the date of submission of the Bid cumApplication Form. A director of the Company, whether a whole time director,except any Promoters or members of the Promoter group, part time director or

otherwise as of [] and based and present in India as on the date of submission ofthe Bid cum Application Form

Employee Reservation Portion The portion of the Issue being up to 372,900 Equity Shares available for allocationto Eligible Employees

Eligible NRI NRI from such jurisdiction outside India where it is not unlawful to make an offeror invitation under the Issue

Equity Shares Equity shares of our Company of Rs. 10 each unless otherwise specified in thecontext thereof

Escrow Account Account opened with the Escrow Collection Bank(s) for the Issue and in whosefavour the Bidder will issue cheques or drafts in respect of the Bid Amount whensubmitting a Bid

Escrow Agreement Agreement to be entered into by our Company, the Registrar, BRLMs theSyndicate Members and the Escrow Collection Bank(s) for collection of the BidAmounts and where applicable, refunds of the amounts collected to the Bidders onthe terms and conditions thereof

Escrow Collection Bank(s) The banks which are clearing members and registered with SEBI as Banker to theIssue with whom the Escrow Account will be opened and in this case being []

First Bidder The Bidder whose name appears first in the Bid cum Application Form orRevision Form

Floor Price The lower end of the Price Band, above which the Issue Price will be finalized andbelow which no Bids will be accepted

FVCI Foreign Venture Capital Investor registered under the Securities and Exchange

Board of India (Foreign Venture Capital Investor) Regulations, 2000Issue Public issue of 5,593,300 Equity Shares of Rs. 10 each for cash at a price of Rs []per Equity Share including a share premium of Rs. [] per Equity Share,

aggregating Rs. [] million. The Issue comprises a Net Issue of 4,940,740 Equity


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Term Description

Shares of Rs. 10 each, a reservation of up to 372,900 Equity Shares of Rs. 10 eachfor our Eligible Employees and a reservation of up to 279,660 Equity Shares of Rs.10 each for our Business Associates

Issue Price The final price at which Equity Shares will be issued and allotted in terms of theRed Herring Prospectus or the Prospectus. The Issue Price will be decided by theCompany in consultation with the BRLMs on the Pricing Date

JMMS JM Morgan Stanley Private Limited having its registered office at 141, MakerChambers III, Nariman Point, Mumbai 400 021, India

JPM J.P. Morgan India Private Limited having its registered office 9th Floor, MafatlalCentre, Nariman Point, Mumbai 400 021

KMCC Kotak Mahindra Capital Company Limited having its registered office at 3rdFloor, Bakhtawar, 229 Nariman Point, Mumbai 400 021, India

Lead Manager/LM Lead Manager to the Issue, in this case being Macquarie

Margin Amount The amount paid by the Bidder at the time of submission of his/her Bid, being 10%to 100% of the Bid Amount

Macquarie Macquarie India Advisory Services Private Limited having its registered office atLevel 3, Mafatlal Center, Nariman Point, Mumbai 400 021, India

Mutual Funds A mutual fund registered with SEBI under the SEBI (Mutual Funds) Regulations,1996

Mutual Fund Portion 5% of the QIB Portion or 148,222 Equity Shares (assuming the QIB Portion is for

60% of the Issue Size) available for allocation to Mutual Funds only, out of the QIBPortion

Non Institutional Bidders All Bidders that are not QIBs or Retail Individual Bidders and who have Bid forEquity Shares for an amount more than Rs. 100,000 (but not including NRIs otherthan eligible NRIs)

Non Institutional Portion The portion of the Issue being up to 494,075 Equity Shares of Rs. 10 each availablefor allocation to Non Institutional Bidders

Net Issue The Issue less the Employee Reservation Portion and the Business AssociateReservation Portion, being 4,940,740 Equity Shares of Rs. 10 each

Pay-in Date Bid Closing Date or the last date specified in the CAN sent to Bidders, as applicable

Pay-in-Period (a) With respect to Bidders whose Margin Amount is 100% of the Bid Amount, theperiod commencing on the Bid/ Issue Opening Date; and extending until theBid/ Issue Closing Date; and

(b) With respect to Bidders whose Margin Amount is less than 100% of the Bid

Amount, the period commencing on the Bid/ Issue Opening Date and extendinguntil the closure of the Pay-in Date

Price Band Price band of a minimum price (floor of the price band) of Rs. [] and the maximum

price (cap of the price band) of Rs. [] and includes revisions thereof

Pricing Date The date on which our Company in consultation with the BRLMs finalizes the IssuePrice

Prospectus The Prospectus to be filed with the RoC in terms of Section 60 of the CompaniesAct, containing, inter alia, the Issue Price that is determined at the end of the BookBuilding process, the size of the Issue and certain other information

Public Issue Account Account opened with the Bankers to the Issue to receive monies from the EscroAccount on the Designated Date

Qualified Institutional Buyers orQIBs

Public financial institutions as specified in Section 4A of the Companies Act, FIIs,scheduled commercial banks, mutual funds registered with SEBI, venture capitalfunds registered with SEBI, state industrial development corporations, insurance

companies registered with Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority,provident funds (subject to applicable law) with minimum corpus of Rs. 250 millionand pension funds with minimum corpus of Rs. 250 million

QIB Margin Amount An amount representing at least 10% of the Bid Amount

QIB Portion The portion of the Issue being 2,964,445 Equity Shares of Rs. 10 each to be allottedto QIBs

Refund Banker(s) []

RTGS Real Time Gross Settlement

Refunds through electronictransfer of funds

Refunds through electronic transfer of funds means refunds through ECS, DirectCredit or RTGS as applicable

Registrar to the Issue Registrar to the Issue, in this case being Intime Spectrum Registry Limited having itsregistered office as indicated on the cover page

Retail Individual Bidder(s) Individual Bidders (including HUFs) who have not Bid for Equity Shares for an

amount more than or equal to Rs. 1,00,000 in any of the bidding options in the Issue(including HUF applying through their Karta and eligible NRIs )

Retail Portion The portion of the Issue being up to 1,482,220 Equity Shares of Rs. 10 each availablefor allocation to Retail Bidder(s)


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Term Description

Revision Form The form used by the Bidders to modify the quantity of Equity Shares or the BidPrice in any of their Bid cum Application Forms or any previous Revision Form(s)

RHP or Red Herring Prospectus The Red Herring Prospectus which will be filed with RoC in terms of Section 60B othe Companies Act, at least 3 days before the Bid/ Issue Opening Date

Stock Exchanges BSE and NSE

Syndicate or members of theSyndicate

The BRLMs, CBRLM, LM and the Syndicate Members

Syndicate Agreement Agreement to be entered into between the Syndicate and our Company in relation tothe collection of Bids in this Issue

Syndicate Members Kotak Securities Limited and JM Morgan Stanley Financial Services Private Limited

TRS/ Transaction RegistrationSlip

The slip or document issued by the Syndicate to the Bidder as proof of registration othe Bid

Underwriters The BRLMs and the Syndicate Members

Underwriting Agreement The Agreement between the members of the Syndicate and our Company to beentered into on or after the Pricing Date

Venture Capital Funds/VCF Venture capital funds as defined and registered with SEBI under the Securities andExchange Board of India (Venture Capital Fund) Regulations, 1996, as amendedfrom time to time

Conventional and General Terms/ Abbreviations

Term Description

A/c Account

Act or Companies Act Companies Act, 1956 and amendments thereto

AGM Annual General Meeting

AS Accounting Standards issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

AY Assessment Year

BPO Business Process Outsourcing

BSE Bombay Stock Exchange Limited

CAGR Compounded Annual Growth Rate

CDSL Central Depository Services (India) Limited

DP ID Depository Participants IdentityDTA Domestic Tariff Area

EBITDA Earnings Before Interest, Tax, Depreciation and Amortisation

EGM Extraordinary General Meeting

EPS Earnings Per Share i.e., profit after tax for a fiscal/period divided by the weightedaverage number of equity shares/potential equity shares during that fiscal/period

EU European Union

FDI Foreign Direct Investment

FEMA Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 read with rules and regulations thereunderand amendments thereto

FEMA Regulations FEMA (Transfer or Issue of Security by a Person Resident Outside India)Regulations, 2000 and amendments thereto

FII(s) Foreign Institutional Investors as defined under SEBI (Foreign Institutional Investor)Regulations, 1995 registered with SEBI under applicable laws in India

Financial Year/ Fiscal/ FY Period of twelve months ended March 31 of that particular year

GDP Gross Domestic Product

GoI/Government Government of India

HUF Hindu Undivided Family

IFRS International Financial Reporting Standards

IT Information Technology

I.T. Act The Income Tax Act, 1961, as amended from time to time

ITES Information Technology Enabled Services

Indian GAAP Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in India

IPO Initial Public Offering

MOU Memorandum of Understanding

NA Not Applicable

NAV Net Asset Value being paid up equity share capital plus free reserves (excludingreserves created out of revaluation, preference share capital and share application


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Term Description

money) less deferred expenditure not written off (including miscellaneous expensesnot written off) and debit balance of Profit and Loss account, divided by number oissued equity shares outstanding at the end of fiscal

NR Non-resident

NRE Account Non Resident External Account

NRI Non Resident Indian, is a person resident outside India, as defined under FEMA andthe FEMA (Transfer or Issue of Security by a Person Resident Outside India)Regulations, 2000

NRO Account Non Resident Ordinary Account

NSDL National Securities Depository Limited

NSE The National Stock Exchange of India Limited

OCB A company, partnership, society or other corporate body owned directly or indirectlyto the extent of at least 60% by NRIs including overseas trusts, in which not less than60% of beneficial interest is irrevocably held by NRIs directly or indirectly asdefined under Foreign Exchange Management (Transfer or Issue of Foreign Securityby a Person resident outside India) Regulations, 2000

P/E Ratio Price/Earnings Ratio

PAN Permanent Account Number allotted under the Income Tax Act, 1961

PLR Prime Lending Rate

QIB Qualified Institutional Buyer

RBI The Reserve Bank of India

RoC The Registrar of Companies

RONW Return on Net Worth

Rs. Indian Rupees

SCRA Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956, as amended from time to time

SCRR Securities Contracts (Regulation) Rules, 1957, as amended from time to time

SEBI The Securities and Exchange Board of India constituted under the SEBI Act, 1992

SEBI Act Securities and Exchange Board of India Act 1992, as amended from time to time

SEBI Guidelines SEBI (Disclosure and Investor Protection) Guidelines, 2000 as amended from time

to timeSec. Section

SEZ Special Economic Zone

Stock Exchange(s) BSE and/ or NSE as the context may refer to

STPI Software Technology Park of India

US / USA United States of America

US GAAP Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the United States of America

Industry Related Terms

Term Description

AIG American International Group

APAC Asia Pacific CountriesASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit

Asia AMET Asia Africa Middle East and Turkey

Berne Convention Convention of International Union for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works

BFSI Banking Financial Services and Insurance

BIOS Basic Input Output System

Bluetooth SIG Bluetooth Special Interest Group

CDP Continuous Data Protection

CII Communication Infrastructure Industry

CIO Chief Information Officer

CMMI Capability Maturity Model Integrated

CPG Consumer Packaged Goods

CPU Central Processing Unit

CRM Customer Relationship Management

CTI Communication Terminals Industry

Copyright Act The Copyright Act, 1957

DSP Digital Signal Processing


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Term Description

DVD Digital Video Disk

ECNR Echo Cancellation and Noise Reduction

EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory

ERP Enterprise Resource Planning

e-Business Electronic Business

GALIS Get, Apply, Learn, Innovate and ShareIAAA Industrial Automation, Automotive and Avionics

ICAB Intellectual Capital Rating Sweden AB

IP Intellectual Property

IS Information Systems

IM & TS Infrastructure Management and Technical Support

IT Services Information Technology Services

MAKE Most Admired Knowledge Enterprise

MINT MindTree Incubated New Technologies

MPPS MindTree People Perception Survey

MSA Master Service Agreement

MUTE MindTree Universal Test Environment

NASSCOM National Association of Software and Service Companies

NetBSD Net Berkeley Software Distribution, a portable operating system

ODC Offshore Development CenterOneShore A software development model developed by our Company under which the global

resource team is leveraged to build a project team which can concurrently work on aclients project in multiple locations

P-CMM People Capability Maturity Model

PCB Printed Circuit Board

PCT Patent Co-Operation Treaty

Paris Convention Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property, 1883

Patents Act The Patents Act, 1970

PMP Project Management Institute Conference

PowerPC Power Performance Computing, a microprocessor architecture created by Apple-IBM-Motorola

RAID Redundant Array of Independent Disks

RAM Random Access Memory

RFID Radio Frequency Identification

R&D Research and Development

R&D Services Research and Development Services

ROM Read-Only Memory

RoHS Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive

SAP Systems Applications and Products in data processing

SEI-CMM Software Engineering Institute-Capability Maturity Model

SLA Service Level Agreement

SOC System On a Chip

Trademark Act Trade Marks Act, 1999

TI OMAP Texas Instruments OMAP

TRIPS Agreement Trade Related aspects of Intellectual Property Rights

UCC Universal Copyright Convention, 1952

UTC United Technologies CorporationUWB Ultra Wide Band

WiMAX Worldwide Interoperability For Microwave Access Forum

WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization


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CERTAIN CONVENTIONS; PRESENTATION OF FINANCIAL, INDUSTRY AND MARKET

DATA

All references to Rupees or Rs. are to Indian Rupees, the official currency of the Republic of India. Allreferences to US$ or U.S. Dollars are to United States Dollars, the official currency of the UnitedStates of America.

Unless stated otherwise, the financial data in this Draft Red Herring Prospectus is derived from our restatedfinancial statements prepared in accordance with Indian GAAP and the SEBI Guidelines, which areincluded in this Draft Red Herring Prospectus. Our fiscal commences on April 1 and ends on March 31 ofthe next year. So all references to a particular fiscal are to the twelve-month period ended on March 31 ofthat year and all references to September 30 are to the six month period ending on September 30 of thatyear.

There are significant differences between Indian GAAP, IFRS and US GAAP. Although we have presenteda summary of significant differences between Indian GAAP, IFRS, and the US GAAP, no attempt has beenmade to identify all disclosure, presentation or classification differences that would affect the manner inwhich transactions and events are presented in the financial statements and the notes thereto. We have notattempted to explain those differences or quantify their impact on the financial data included herein and weurge you to consult your own advisors regarding such differences and their impact on our financial data.Accordingly, the degree to which the Indian GAAP financial statements included in this Draft Red HerringProspectus will provide meaningful information is entirely dependent on the readers level of familiaritywith Indian accounting practices. Any reliance by persons not familiar with Indian accounting practices onthe financial disclosures presented in this Draft Red Herring Prospectus should accordingly be limited.

In this Draft Red Herring Prospectus, any discrepancies in any table between the totals and the sum of theamounts listed are due to rounding off.

Market and industry data used in this Draft Red Herring Prospectus has generally been obtained or derivedfrom industry publications and sources. These publications typically state that the information containedtherein has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable but their accuracy and completeness are not

guaranteed and their reliability cannot be assured. Accordingly, no investment decisions should be madebased on such information. Although we believe that industry data used in this Draft Red HerringProspectus is reliable, it has not been verified. Similarly, we believe that the internal company reports arereliable; however, they have not been verified by any independent sources.

The extent to which the market and industry data used in this Draft Red Herring Prospectus is meaningfuldepends on the readers familiarity with and understanding of the methodologies used in compiling suchdata. There are no standard valuation methodologies or accounting policies in the emerging informationtechnology industry in India and methodologies and assumptions may vary widely among different industrysources.

The following table sets forth, for each period indicated, information concerning the number of Rupees forwhich one U.S. Dollar could be exchanged at the noon buying rate in the City of New York on the last

business day of the applicable period for cable transfers in Rupees as certified for customs purposes by the

Federal Reserve Bank of New York. The row titled Average in the table below is the average of the dailynoon buying rate for each day in the period. Similarly, the rows titled low and high give the lowest andhighest noon buying rates during the period.

Fiscal 2004 Fiscal 2005 Fiscal 2006

Period End 43.40 43.62 44.48

Average 45.96 44.87 44.16

Low 43.40 43.27 43.05

High 47.46 46.45 46.26

On December 4, 2006, the noon buying rate was Rs. 44.49 per U.S. Dollar.


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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Draft Red Herring Prospectus contains certain forward-looking statements. These forward lookingstatements can generally be identified by words or phrases such as aim, anticipate, believe, expect,estimate, intend, objective, plan, project, shall, will, will continue, will pursue or otherwords or phrases of similar import. Similarly, statements that describe our objectives, plans or goals arealso forward-looking statements.

All forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions that could cause actualresults to differ materially from those contemplated by the relevant forward-looking statement. Importantfactors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations include, among others:

Loss of any major client or a decrease in the volume of work they outsource to us;

A decline in demand for our IT Services and R&D Services;

Economic slowdown in the U.S. or Europe resulting in reduction in or postponement of our clients ITspends;

Changes in foreign exchange rates, equity prices or other rates or prices;

Increased competition;

Opposition to outsourcing in the U.S. and other countries; Changes in immigration laws in the U.S. and Europe which could limit our expansion plans;

Our inability to manage our growth;

Our failure to keep pace with rapid changes in technology;

The monetary and interest policies of India, inflation, deflation, unanticipated turbulence in interestrates;

Changes in the foreign exchange control regulations in India;

The performance of the financial markets in India and abroad;

General economic and business conditions in India and abroad;

The ability to successfully implement our strategy;

Changes in laws and regulations;

Changes in political conditions in India and abroad;

Our ability to finance our business and growth, and obtain financing on favourable terms; and Our ability to anticipate global outsourcing trends and suitably expand our current service offerings.

For a further discussion of factors that could cause our actual results to differ, refer to Risk Factors onpage (x). By their nature, certain market risk disclosures are only estimates and could be materiallydifferent from what actually occurs in the future. As a result, actual future gains or losses could materiallydiffer from those that have been estimated. Neither we, our Directors, any member of the Syndicate nor anyof their respective affiliates have any obligation to update or otherwise revise any statements reflectingcircumstances arising after the date hereof or to reflect the occurrence of underlying events, even if theunderlying assumptions do not come to fruition. In accordance with SEBI requirements, the BRLMs andour Company will ensure that investors in India are informed of material developments until such time asthe grant of listing and trading permission by the Stock Exchanges.


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SECTION II- RISK FACTORS

This offering involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks described below before

making an investment decision. If any of the risks described below actually occur, our business, prospects,financial condition and results of operations could be seriously harmed, the trading price of our EquityShares could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment.

Unless specified or quantified in the relevant risk factors below, we are not in a position to quantify thefinancial or other implication of any of the risks described in this section.

Any potential investor in, and purchaser of, our Equity Shares should pay particular attention to the fact

that we are governed in India by a legal and regulatory environment which in some material respects maybe different from that which prevails in the United States and other countries. Prior to making aninvestment decision, prospective investors and purchasers should carefully consider all of the informationcontained in this Draft Red Herring Prospectus (including the financial statements on page 130). Thenumbering of the risk factors has been done to facilitate ease of reading and reference and does not in anymanner indicate the importance of one risk over another.

Internal Risk Factors

1. Our revenues and profits are difficult to predict and can vary significantly from quarter to quarter

which could cause the price of our Equity Shares to fluctuate.

Our operating results have varied in the past and may continue to vary significantly from quarter to quarterdue to various reasons, including:

the pressures on our clients technology budgets and the proportion of their technology servicesrequirements that they outsource;

unanticipated cancellations, non-renewal of our contracts by our clients, contract terminations ordeferrals of projects;

the size, timing and profitability of our projects, particularly with our major clients;

decline in our acquisition of or loss of clients;

delays in payment by clients or level of bad debts;

changes in our pricing policies or those of our clients or those of our competitors;

variations in the duration, size and scope of our projects;

the proportion of services that we perform in our development centres in India as opposed to outsideIndia;

the proportion of services we perform on a fixed-price or time-and-material basis;

the effect of seasonal hiring patterns, attrition, competition for skilled professionals and its effect oncompensation costs, and the time required to train and productively utilise our new hires, particularlysoftware professionals; and

the size and timing of expansion of facilities.

Therefore, we believe that period-to-period comparisons of the results of our operations are not necessarily

meaningful and should not be relied upon as an indication of our future performance. It is possible that inthe future some of our quarterly results of operations may be below the expectations of market analysts andour investors, which could lead to a significant decline in the price of our Equity Shares.

Further, a significant portion of our expenses, particularly those related to personnel and facilities, are fixedin advance of any particular quarter. As a result, unanticipated variations in the number and timing of our

projects or employee utilisation rates or available billing hours may cause significant variations in ouroperating results in any particular quarter. There are also a number of factors other than our performance thatare not within our control, which could cause fluctuations in our operating results from quarter to quarter.These include:

the duration of tax holidays or exemptions and the availability of other Government incentives;

currency exchange rate fluctuations, particularly when the Rupee appreciates in value against the U.S.Dollar since the majority of our revenues are in U.S. Dollars and a significant part of our costs are inRupees; and

other general economic and political factors.


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2. Our revenues are highly dependent on a limited number of clients. The loss of any one of our major

clients, a decrease in the volume of work they outsource to us or a decrease in the price at which we

offer our services to them may adversely impact our revenues and profitability.

We derive a significant portion of our revenues from a limited number of clients. In Fiscal 2004, 2005, 2006

and the six months ended September 30, 2006, our top five customers accounted for 50.6%, 40.1%, 38.4%and 34.0% of our revenues, respectively. In Fiscal 2006, our largest customer, a global travel conglomerate,accounted for 14.3% of our revenues. As a result of our reliance on a limited number of clients, we may face

pricing pressures. The volume of work performed for specific clients is likely to vary from period to period,especially since we are not the exclusive external service provider for our clients. In addition, there are anumber of factors, other than our performance, that could cause the loss of a client and that may not be

predictable. Our clients may also decide to reduce spending on technology services due to a challengingeconomic environment and other factors, both internal and external, relating to their business. Further, ifany of our major clients become bankrupt or insolvent, we may lose some or all of our business from thatclient and our receivables from that client may have to be written off. Our business could also be adverselyaffected by the merger, acquisition or restructuring of our clients if the new entity chooses not to engage usto provide it with technology services and solutions. For example, one of our largest clients is in the

process of restructuring into multiple business units, each to be treated as a separate customer. The demand

for our services may be affected by such restructuring if some of the independent business units do notcontinue using our services to the same extent or at all. Any of the foregoing events or any delay or defaultin payment by our clients for services rendered, may adversely impact our business, financial condition andresults of operations and could cause the price of our Equity Shares to decline.

3. We derive a substantial amount of our revenues and profits from rendering IT Services.

We are organised into two divisions Information Technology Services (IT Services) and Research andDevelopment Services (R&D Services).

In Fiscal 2004, 2005, 2006 and the six months ended September 30, 2006, our revenues from IT Servicesaccounted for 72.5%, 75.3%, 76.5% and 75.9% of our total revenues, respectively. Within IT Services, amajority of our revenues were derived from custom application development services. There could be a sharp

decline in demand for our IT Services due to various factors, including:

increased competition;

technological advancement making our know-how in this field redundant;

loss of our key people with technical and domain expertise;

increase in usage of packaged software by our clients that reduces the scope of custom applicationdevelopment; and

reduction in outsourcing due to companies servicing their technology needs in-house through captivecenters or otherwise.

Although we are committed to increasing our revenues from our R&D Services, we cannot assure you that ourdependence on revenues from IT Services will reduce or that our revenues from IT Services will be sustained

in the future. A decline in demand for our IT Services in general, and our custom application developmentservices in particular, may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results ofoperations and could cause the price of our Equity Shares to decline.

4. Our revenues are highly dependent on clients located in the United States and Europe. Economic

slowdowns and other factors that affect the economic health of the United States or Europe may affect

our business.

A significant proportion of our revenues are derived from clients located in the United States and Europe.In Fiscal 2004, 2005, 2006 and the six months ended September 30, 2006, 61.1%, 63.1%, 63.0% and 61.8%of our revenues, respectively, were derived from clients located in the United States and 17.0%, 22.6%,22.6% and 23.8% of our revenues, respectively, were derived from clients located in Europe. Thiscalculation of revenues by client geography is based on the location of the specific client entity for which

services are performed, irrespective of the location where a billing may be rendered. Our services forclients located in the U.S. and Europe generally provide higher margins than for our clients in the AsiaPacific region. Consequently, in the event of any economic slowdown in the United States and/or Europe,


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our clients may reduce or postpone their IT spending significantly, which may in turn lower the demand forour services and negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and couldcause the price of our Equity Shares to decline.

5. We operate in a highly competitive environment and this competitive pressure on our business is

likely to continue.

The market for technology services is highly competitive and rapidly evolving. We face competition fromother Indian and international technology services companies, divisions of large multinational technologyfirms and captive offshore centres of large corporations.

Some of our competitors have significantly greater financial, technical and marketing resources andgenerate greater revenues than us. Furthermore, some of them have pan-India presence resulting in better

brand recall across India and have long standing relationships with their clients within and outside Indiaand are therefore the preferred service providers for their clients. We cannot assure you that we will be ableto retain our clients or attract new clients while competing successfully against such competitors. We

believe that our ability to compete also depends in part on a number of factors beyond our control,including the ability of our competitors to attract, train, motivate and retain highly skilled technical people,the price at which our competitors offer comparable services and the extent of our competitors

responsiveness to client needs.

A significant part of our competitive advantage has historically been our cost advantage relative to serviceproviders in the United States and Europe. Since wage costs in our industry in India are presentlyincreasing at a faster rate than those in the United States and Europe, if this trend continues, our ability tocompete effectively will become increasingly dependent on our reputation, the quality of our services andour expertise in specific markets.

The technology services industry is also witnessing the emergence of competition from countries such asChina and the Philippines, which have labour costs similar to India. Clients that presently outsource asignificant proportion of their technology service requirements to vendors in India may seek to reduce theirdependence on one country and outsource work to other offshore destinations. As a result, we expect thatfuture competition will increasingly include firms with operations in other countries.

We cannot assure you that we will be able to successfully compete against Indian or other technologyservices providers. Our failure to remain competitive would have a material adverse effect on our business,financial condition and results of operations, and could cause the price of our Equity Shares to decline.

6. Because a significant percentage of our revenues are denominated in U.S. Dollars and other

foreign currencies and a significant percentage of our costs are denominated in Indian Rupees, we

face currency exchange risks.

The exchange rate between the Rupee and the U.S. Dollar has changed substantially in recent years andmay continue to fluctuate significantly in the future. During Fiscal 2005 and 2006, the value of the Rupeeagainst the U.S. Dollar rose by approximately 2.4% and 1.6%, respectively. In Fiscal 2005, 2006 and forthe six month period ending September 30, 2006, we derived 84.8%, 88.5% and 94.2%, respectively, of ourrevenues from our overseas business. Substantially all of these revenues are denominated in U.S. Dollarsand to a lesser extent in the Euro, the Pound Sterling and other foreign currencies. At the same time, asubstantial proportion of our costs are denominated in Indian Rupees. We expect that a majority of ourrevenues will continue to be generated in foreign currencies and that a significant portion of our expenseswill continue to be denominated in Indian Rupees. Accordingly, our operating results have been and willcontinue to be impacted by fluctuations in the exchange rate between the Indian Rupee and the U.S. Dollarand other foreign currencies. Any strengthening of the Indian Rupee against the U.S. Dollar, the Euro orother foreign currencies could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

7. We are dependent on the expertise of our senior management and key personnel and the results of

our operations may be adversely affected by the departure of our senior management and key

personnel.

We are dependent on our senior management team for setting our strategic direction and managing ourbusiness, both of which are crucial to our success. We do not maintain key man life insurance for any of thesenior members of our management team or other key personnel. Given the substantial experience of our


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senior management team, in the event any or all of them leave or are unable to continue to work with us, itmay be difficult to find suitable replacements in a timely manner or at all. Our ability to retain experienced

personnel as well as senior management will also in part depend on us maintaining appropriate staffremuneration and incentive schemes. We cannot be sure that the remuneration and incentive schemes wehave in place will be sufficient to retain the services of our senior management and skilled people. The lossof any of the members of our senior management or other key personnel may adversely affect our business,

financial condition and results of operations and could cause the price of our Equity Shares to decline.

8. Our success depends in large part upon our highly skilled software professionals and our ability to

attract and retain these personnel.

Our ability to execute projects and to obtain new clients depends largely on our ability to attract, train,motivate and retain skilled software professionals, particularly project managers and other mid-level

professionals. The average experience of our people as of September 30, 2006 is 4.6 years. Although we areconstantly recruiting entry level graduates and laterals and providing them with regular training, we dependlargely on our experienced people for successful delivery of projects, and it may be hard for us to findreplacements if they leave.

Further, due to the limited pool of available skilled personnel in both IT Services and R&D Services, we

face strong competition to recruit and retain skilled and professionally qualified staff. We are alsodependent on lateral recruitment for our staffing requirements on various projects, which is a relativelycostlier model. Our attrition rates were 13.6% and 12.0% in Fiscal 2005 and 2006, respectively. We defineattrition as the ratio of the number of people who have left us during a defined period to the total number of

people who are on our payroll at the end of such period. If we cannot hire and retain additional qualifiedpersonnel, our ability to bid on and obtain new projects will be impaired and our revenues may decline. Inaddition, we may not be able to expand our business effectively. We believe that there is significantworldwide competition for software professionals with the skills necessary to perform the services weoffer. Additionally, we may not be able to redeploy and retrain our software professionals to keep pace withcontinuing changes in technology, evolving standards and changing client preferences. Our inability to attractand retain software professionals may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial conditionand results of operations and could cause the price of our Equity Shares to decline.

9. We derive a significant proportion of our IT Services revenues from the manufacturing industry and asignificant proportion of our R&D Services revenues from the storage industry and the industrial

systems, avionics and automotive electronics industry. Factors that affect the economic health or IT or

R&D needs of our clients in these industries may adversely affect our business.

We derive a significant proportion of our revenues from clients in certain industries. For IT Servicesrendered in Fiscal 2006 and the six months ended September 30, 2006, we derived 31.3% and 30.7% of ourrevenues, respectively, from the manufacturing industry. For R&D Services rendered in Fiscal 2006 and thesix months ended September 30, 2006, we derived 28.6% and 29.9% of our revenues, respectively, fromthe storage industry, and 21.3% and 16.0% of our revenues, respectively, from the Industrial systems,avionics and automotive electronics industry. Any significant decrease in IT Services or R&D Servicesspending by clients in these industries may reduce the demand for our services and negatively affect ourrevenues and profitability.

10. Any inability to manage our growth could disrupt our business and reduce our profitability.

We have experienced significant growth in revenue in recent years. Our revenues have grown at acompounded annual growth rate of 85.5% from Rs. 1,304.4 million in Fiscal 2004 to Rs. 4,488.0 million inFiscal 2006. The total number of our people has grown at a compound annual growth rate of 74.3% from1,030 as of March 31, 2004 to 3,128 as of March 31, 2006. While these growth rates are not indicative of ourfuture growth, we expect this growth to place significant demands on both our management and ourresources. This will require us to continuously evolve and improve our operational, financial and internalcontrols across the organisation.

In particular, continued expansion increases the challenges involved in:

recruiting, training and retaining sufficient skilled technical, sales and management personnel;

adhering to our high quality and process execution standards;


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maintaining high levels of client satisfaction;

preserving our culture, values and entrepreneurial environment; and

developing and improving our internal administrative infrastructure, particularly our financial,operational, communications and other internal systems.

Any inability to manage growth may have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results

of operations and could result in decline of the price of our Equity Shares.

11. Our fixed-price contracts expose us to risks beyond our control, which could reduce our

profitability.

We provide services both on a fixed price basis, where we provide our services for a fixed price and agreeto complete the project within a fixed time, and on a time and materials basis, where we charge based onthe number of people dedicated and the effort invested in the project. Although we use our softwareengineering processes, knowledge management systems and past project experience to reduce the risksassociated with estimating, planning and performing fixed-price projects, we bear the risk of cost overrunsand completion delays in connection with these projects. Many of these risks may be beyond our control.Any failure to accurately estimate the effort including the number of people and time required for a projector any failure to complete our contractual obligations within the time frame committed could adversely

affect our revenues and profitability.

12. Delays or defaults in client payments could result in a reduction of our profits.

We regularly commit resources to projects prior to receiving advances or other payments from clients inamounts sufficient to cover expenditures on projects as they are incurred. We may be subject to workingcapital shortages due to delays or defaults in client payments. If clients default in their payments on a

project to which we have devoted significant resources or if a project in which we have invested significantresources is delayed, cancelled or does not proceed to completion, it could have a material adverse effect onour business, financial condition and results of operations and could cause the price of our Equity Shares todecline.

13. We are concentrated in one location in India with small development centres in Chennai and New

Jersey.

Most of our management team and technical personnel as of September 30, 2006 are based in threedevelopment centres located in Bangalore. Because of the concentration of our people and other resourcesat these facilities, our results of operations could be materially and adversely affected if one or more ofthose facilities are damaged as a result of a natural disaster, including an earthquake, flood, fire or otherevent that disrupts our business or causes material damage to our property. Although we have back-upfacilities for some of our operations, it could be difficult for us to maintain or resume our operationsquickly in the aftermath of such a disaster. We do not have business interruption insurance, and we cannotassure you that our property insurance would cover any loss or damage to our assets.

14. We do not have strong brand recall outside Bangalore.

The MindTree brand is not very well recognised outside Bangalore. As a result, we face difficulty inattracting skilled software professionals from outside Bangalore, who prefer to work with companies whichare recognised pan-India, have offices across India and abroad and have an instant brand recall, at leastwith people associated with the IT industry in India. Although we are increasing our promotional efforts toincrease awareness of our brand amongst software professionals, we cannot assure you of the success ofsuch plan or that we will be successful in our efforts to recruit software professionals particularly fromoutside Bangalore.

15. We do not qualify to bid for some large outsourcing projects because of our size.

We are not able to compete for many large outsourcing projects, particularly with larger technologycompanies, where we are unable to qualify primarily due to the size of our organisation. We often bid for

and compete with these large companies and other mid-sized companies on smaller accounts. Some of ourcompetitors have greater financial and other resources than us and are better known by and moreexperienced working with large customers. We cannot assure you that we will be able to successfully


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compete with our competitors on new client accounts. Our inability to compete with larger organisationsmay have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations or couldcause the price of our Equity Shares to decline.

16. We maintain a workforce based upon current and anticipated workloads and if we do not receive

anticipated contracts, or if these contracts are delayed, we would incur significant compensation

costs without the benefits of the anticipated revenues.

We maintain a workforce based upon current and anticipated workloads. This entails significant staffingcommitments by us for anticipated assignments. If we do not receive anticipated workload or if our clientscancel or delay our assignments we could incur significant costs including fixed costs such as salaries andother costs related to maintaining under utilised staff and facilities which could adversely affect our resultsof operations and employee morale.

In addition, certain client contracts impose cool off period restrictions on us whereby our people whoworked on a particular project for such client are restricted from working on similar projects for theircompetitors for a prescribed period. The cool off periods typically range from one to three months.Although, we budget for such restrictions and rotate our people on to other unrelated assignments to negatethe impact of the cool off period restrictions, we cannot assure you that such restrictions will not have an

adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations in the future.

17. We could become liable to customers, suffer adverse publicity and incur substantial costs as a

result of defects or failure in our products or services, which in turn could adversely affect our

business, financial condition and results of operations.

Many of our contracts involve providing services that are critical to the operations of our customersbusiness. Any failure on our part to render services as per client requirements or any defects in our IPwhich we license to our clients could result in a claim against us for substantial damages, regardless of ourresponsibility for such a failure or defect. Although we attempt to limit our contractual liability for alldamages, including consequential damages, in rendering our services, we cannot assure you that in caseany claims for damages are made by our customers, the limitations on liability we provide for in our servicecontracts will be enforceable, or that they will otherwise be sufficient to protect us from liability for

damages. The successful assertion of any claim could have a material adverse affect on our business,financial condition and results of operations and could damage our reputation.

18. We may undertake or may be forced to undertake certain onerous contractual obligations with

some of our customers.

We have in the past, provided certain customers with price reductions, indemnities, cooling off periods andnon-compete provisions. Further, some of our contracts have exclusivity clauses, which prohibit us fromoffering service to companies, engaged in a business similar to that of our customers and restricts us fromoffering similar services to other companies or in selected jurisdictions. We cannot assure you that ourexisting or future customers will not demand for similar provisions in their contracts with us. While to datewe believe such obligations have not materially affected us, there can be no assurance that they will notadversely affect us in the future. Furthermore, if we refuse to enter into contracts that contain such

obligations, we may lose prospective customers and our business, financial condition and results ofoperations could be adversely affected.

19. Our client contracts can typically be terminated without cause and with little or no notice or

penalty, which could negatively impact our revenues and profitability.

Most of our client project contracts are on a non-exclusive basis and can be terminated with or withoutcause, after requisite notice period, typically ranging from 10 to 30 days and without termination-related

penalties. Additionally, our master services agreements (MSAs) with clients are typically without anycommitment to a specific volume of business or future work. Our business is dependent on the decisionsand actions of our clients, and there are a number of factors relating to our clients that are outside ourcontrol that might result in the termination or non-renewal of an agreement or the loss of a client. Ourclients may demand price reductions, change their outsourcing strategy by moving more work in-house orto our competitors or replace their existing software with packaged software supported by licensors. Any ofthese factors could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results ofoperations and could cause the price of our Equity Shares to decline.


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20. We may face difficulties in providing new and existing service offerings, which could lead to clients

discontinuing or delaying their work with us or adversely affect our reputation.

We have been expanding the nature and scope of our engagements by extending the breadth of services weoffer. We have recently added new service offerings in IT Services including infrastructure managementand technical support and CIO Toolkit, and new capabilities in R&D Services including Ultra Wide Band

(UWB) technology. The success of these new service offerings in IT Services is dependent, in part, uponcontinued demand for such services by our existing and new clients and our ability to meet this demand in acost-competitive and effective manner. For R&D Services, we develop services in areas that may be at anearly stage, in anticipation of growth in those areas. To the extent such growth does not occur, we lose muchof our investment in time and other resources in such area. We cannot be certain that we will be able to attractexisting and new clients for such new services or effectively meet our clients needs.

The increased breadth of our service offerings means we will need to become involved in larger and morecomplex projects for our clients. Our ability to establish such relationships will depend on a number offactors including the proficiency of our management personnel and our software professionals as well asour ability to fully understand our clients operations. Larger projects may involve multiple engagements orstages, and there is a risk that a client may choose not to retain us for additional stages or may cancel ordelay additional planned engagements. These terminations, cancellations or delays may result from the

business or financial condition of our clients or the general economy, as opposed to factors related to thequality of our services. Such cancellations or delays make it difficult to plan for project resourcerequirements, and inaccuracies in such resource planning may have a negative impact on our profitability.

21. We may undertake strategic acquisitions, investments, partnerships, and other similar ventures

which may prove to be difficult to integrate and manage or may not be successful.

We intend to pursue strategic acquisition opportunities in India and abroad to enhance our capabilities andaddress gaps in industry expertise, technical expertise and geographic coverage. It is possible that we maynot identify suitable acquisition or investment candidates or we may not complete transactions on termscommercially acceptable to us or at all. The inability to identify suitable acquisition targets or investmentsor the inability to complete such transactions may adversely affect our competitiveness or our growth

prospects.

If we acquire another company, we could have difficulty in assimilating that companys personnel,operations, technology and software. In addition, the key personnel of the acquired company may decidenot to work with us and we may not be able to retain the client base of the acquired company. We couldalso have difficulty in integrating the acquired services or technologies into our operations. Further, wemay be subject to additional regulatory constraints if we decide to acquire companies organised outsideIndia. These difficulties could disrupt our ongoing business, distract our management and people andincrease our expenses.

22. Our business will suffer if we fail to keep pace with the rapid changes in technology and the

industries on which we focus.

Our business depends on the continued growth in the use of information technology in business by ourclients and prospective clients and their customers and suppliers. The IT Services and R&D Servicesmarket is characterised by rapid technological changes, evolving industry standards, changing client

preferences and new service introductions. Our future success will depend on our ability to anticipate theseadvances and develop new service offerings to meet client needs. We may not be successful in anticipatingor responding to these advances on a timely basis or, if we do respond, the services or technologies wedevelop may not be successful in the marketplace. In addition, as a result, the know how which we havedeveloped in relation to existing technology in some cases at considerable expense, may be renderedobsolete. Furthermore, services or technologies that are developed by our competitors may render ourservices non-competitive or obsolete. We also face the risk of unforeseen complications in the deploymentof new services and technologies, and there is no assurance that the estimate of the necessary capitalexpenditure to offer such services will not be exceeded. New services and technologies may not bedeveloped and/or deployed according to expected schedules or may not achieve commercial acceptance or

be cost effective. Failure to achieve commercial acceptance of services offered by us could result inadditional capital expenditures or a reduction in profitability. Any such change could materially andadversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.


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Additionally, new technology or services offered by us could make our existing technology and servicesredundant and we may be unable to recover the costs of developing the older technology before we have toreplace it with the newer versions. In particular, our service offerings in the R&D sector depend on ourability to provide newer and innovative services to a niche group of industries where redundancy is highdue to new technologies being introduced by our competitors. Therefore, any failure to keep pace with theconstantly changing technology coupled with the risks associated with servicing clients engaged in a

limited number of industries could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition andresults of operations and could cause the price of our Equity Shares to decline.

Our success also depends on our ability to proactively manage our portfolio of technology alliances andforum memberships with ARM, Bluetooth SIG, Intel Communications Alliance, TI OMAP, WiMAXForum and WiMedia Alliance; and leading hardware and software vendors including BEA Systems Inc.,Informatica Corp., LANSA, and SAP. Our failure to successfully manage our alliances with such vendorscould have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operation.

23. Our insurance cover may be inadequate to fully protect us from all losses.

We maintain such insurance coverage as we believe is customary in the IT industry in India. Our insurancepolicies, however, may not provide adequate coverage in certain circumstances and are subject to certain

deductibles, exclusions and limits on coverage. We maintain general liability insurance coverage, includingcoverage for errors or omissions. However, we cannot assure you that the terms of our insurance policieswill be adequate to cover any damage or loss suffered by us or that such coverage will continue to beavailable on reasonable terms or will be available in sufficient amounts to cover one or more large claims,or that the insurer will not disclaim coverage as to any future claim.

In particular, we do not maintain business interruption insurance and therefore if any or all of our developmentcenters are damaged resulting in our operations being interrupted or we otherwise suffer an interruption to our

business, we would suffer loss of revenues and our results of operations would be adversely affected. Asuccessful assertion of one or more large claims against us that exceeds our available insurance coverage orchanges in our insurance policies, including premium increases or the imposition of a larger deductible orco-insurance requirement, could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operationsand could cause the price of our Equity Shares to decline.

24. Our clients proprietary rights may be misappropriated by our people or our subcontractors or their

people in violation of applicable confidentiality and non-disclosure agreements and as a result, cause us

to breach our contractual obligations in relation to such proprietary rights. We may also be subject to

third party claims of intellectual property infringement.

We require our people and subcontractors to enter into non-disclosure and assignment of rightsarrangements to limit access to and distribution of our clients proprietary and confidential information. Wecan give no assurance that the steps taken by us will be adequate to enforce our clients intellectual propertyrights or to adequately prevent the disclosure of confidential information by an employee or subcontractoror a subcontractors employee. If our clients proprietary rights are misappropriated by our people or oursubcontractors or their people in violation of any applicable confidentiality agreements or otherwise, ourclients may consider us liable for that act and seek damages and compensation from us. In addition to these

confidentiality agreements, our client contracts may require us to comply with certain security obligationsincluding maintenance of network security, back-up of data, ensuring our network is virus free and ensuringthe credentials of our people that work with our clients. We cannot assure you that we will be able tocomply with all such obligations and that we will not incur liability nor have a claim for substantialdamages against us.

Although we believe that our products, methodologies and intellectual property rights do not infringe onthe intellectual property rights of any other party, infringement claims may be asserted against us in thefuture. There are currently no material pending or threatened intellectual property claims against us.However, if we become liable to third parties for infringing their intellectual property rights, we could berequired to pay substantial damages including damages based on profits that we have obtained from theallegedly infringing technology as well as exemplary damages that a court may award and we may beforced to develop non-infringing technology, obtain a license for the infringing technology or cease sellingthe applications and using the products or methodologies that contain the infringing technology. We may beunable to develop non-infringing technology or to obtain a license on commercially reasonable terms.


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25. Unauthorised parties may infringe upon or misappropriate our intellectual property.

We rely on a combination of patent, copyright, trademark and design laws, trade secrets, confidentialityprocedures and contractual provisions to protect our intellectual property, including our brand identity. Wehave registered the MINDTREE name as a trademark in India, the United States, Singapore, Australia,Japan and the European Union for various classes and categories of goods and services. We have also made

five patent applications for our technologies with the United States Patent and Trademark Office. For moreinformation on our intellectual property, see Our Business Intellectual Property on page 92. However, theapplicable laws may not protect our proprietary rights and our efforts to protect our intellectual property maynot be adequate. Further, we may not be able to obtain adequate or timely injunctive or equitable relief to

protect our intellectual property. As a result, we may not be able to prevent unauthorised parties frominfringing upon or misappropriating our services or proprietary information. If we are unable tosuccessfully enforce or protect our material intellectual property rights, it could have a material adverseeffect on our business, financial condition and results of operations and could cause the price of our EquityShares to decline.

26. Our indebtedness, including the conditions and restrictions imposed on us by our financing

agreements and any acceleration of amounts due under such arrangements, could adversely affect

our ability to conduct our business, financial condition and results of operations.

As of September 30, 2006, we had total secured loans of Rs. 446.7 million. We may incur additionalindebtedness in the future. Our indebtedness has several important consequences, including but not limitedto the following:

a portion of our cash flow will be used towards servicing and repayment of our existing debt, whichwill reduce the availability of cash to fund working capital needs, capital expenditures, acquisitionsand other general corporate requirements;

our ability to obtain additional financing in the future at reasonable terms is restricted;

increases in market interest rates will adversely affect the cost of our borrowings, as some of our loansare at variable interest rates;

we may be more vulnerable to economic downturns; and

we may be limited in our ability to withstand competitive pressures and may have reduced flexibilityin responding to changing business, regulatory and economic conditions.

Our financing arrangements limit our ability to create liens or other encumbrances on our property, acquireother businesses, sell or otherwise dispose of assets, make certain payments and investments, and merge orconsolidate with other entities in certain circumstances. Further, our lenders have certain rights todetermine how we operate our business, to terminate the credit facilities, to seek early repayments of ourloans and to charge penalties for prepayments or cancellations of our loan. Consent from these lenders isrequired for certain corporate and business actions, changes in shareholding and management decisions.Any failure to service our indebtedness, maintain the required security interests, comply with a requirementto obtain a consent or otherwise perform our obligations under our financing agreements could lead to atermination of one or more of our credit facilities, penalties and acceleration of amounts due under suchfacilities, which may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

27. As of September 30, 2006, we had contingent liabilities and commitments as disclosed in our

statement of assets and liabilities under Indian GAAP.

As of September 30, 2006, our contingent liabilities and commitments as disclosed in our statement ofassets and liabilities, as restated under Indian GAAP, were as follows:

a) Guarantees given by Companys bankers as at September 30, 2006 is Rs 1.5 million.b) Estimated amount of contracts remaining to be executed on capital account and not provided for as

at September 30, 2006 is Rs 44.9 million.c) Import bills to be settled at September 30, 2006 is Rs 3.2 million.

We cannot assure you that any or all of these contingent liabilities and commitments will not become direct

liabilities. In the event any or all of these contingent liabilities and commitments become direct liabilities, itmay have an adverse effect on our business, financial conditions and results of operations.


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28. If we are unable to obtain required approvals and licenses in a timely manner, our business and

operations may be adversely affected.

We require certain approvals, licenses, registrations and permissions for operating our business, some ofwhich may have expired and for which we either may have made or are in the process of making anapplication for obtaining approval or renewal. For more information, see Government Approvals on page

190. If we fail to obtain any of these approvals or renewals, in a timely manner, or at all, our business,financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

29. We face a possible risk on account of not meeting our net foreign exchange earning obligations.

We are registered as a software technology park (STP) unit under the Software Technology ParkScheme. The STP Scheme imposes certain export obligations on the STP unit including requirementsregarding maintaining positive net foreign exchange earnings. Failing to meet such requirement may resultin the STP unit losing the benefits available to it under the STP Scheme and becoming liable for penalaction under Foreign Trade (Development and Regulations) Act, 1992. In the event our units under theSTPI Scheme incur losses during the initial ramp up period or have a long gestation period, we cannotassure you that we will continue to maintain a positive net foreign exchange earning for such units. Anyloss in the benefits available to us as a STP unit will have a material adverse effect on our business,

financial condition and results of operations and could cause the price of our Equity Shares to decline.

30. Our Registered Office and other premises from which we operate are not owned by us.

We do not own the premises on which our registered office and other offices, including our developmentand research and development facilities in Bangalore, India and New Jersey, USA are located. We operatefrom rented and leased premises. Further, the lease agreements for our Registered Office expired on June30, 2006 and September 30, 2006. The said lease agreements for our Registered Office are renewable at ouroption upon payment of rent at such rates as stated in these agreements. If any of the owners of these

premises do not renew the agreements under which we occupy the premises or renew such agreements onterms and conditions that are unfavourable to us, we may suffer a disruption in our operations which couldhave a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

31. We and our Directors are involved in legal proceedings

We and our Directors are involved in certain legal proceedings. A show cause notice has been issued to usby the tax authority raising a claim of Rs. 4,857,902 against us. Although, we have made the payment ofthe said amount of disputed tax claim and have also obtained stay proceedings against the matter by filing awrit petition, we can give no assurance that the legal proceedings will ultimately be decided in our favour.Further, there are two class action lawsuits pending in U.S. courts against our Director, Lip-Bu Tan and onecriminal case pending against our Director, Dr. Albert Hieronimus in the High Court of Madhya Pradesh,which is elaborately mentioned under risk factor A criminal litigation is pending against our Director

below.

There can be no assurance that the provisions we have made for litigation will be sufficient or that furthersubstantial litigation will not be brought against us in the future. Our failure to successfully defend these or

other claims or if our current provisions prove to be inadequate, our business, prospects, financial conditionand results of operations could be adversely affected. For more information regarding litigation, refer toOutstanding Litigation and Material Developments on page 188.

32. A criminal litigation is pending against our Director

A criminal complaint has been filed against our Director, Dr. Albert Hieronimus, being a director of MotorIndustries Company Limited, before the Magistrates Court in Gwalior alleging wrongful confinement ofcheque books and withdrawal of cash from the accounts of the complainant without his consent. AlthoughHigh Court of Madhya Pradesh has granted an interim stay of the said legal proceedings before theMagistrate, there can be no assurance that the case will be ultimately decided in favour of our Director.

33. We are subject to certain restrictions imposed on us pursuant to a shareholders agreement

Pursuant to the Amended and Restated Shareholders Agreement dated November 15, 2006, as amended onDecember 5, 2006, entered into between us, our Promoters, Walden Software Investments Limited, Global


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Technology Ventures Limited and Capital International Global Emerging Markets Private Equity Fund,L.P., certain special rights and restrictive covenants have been provided to the investors, including directornomination rights, certain actions which require their prior consent, and restrictions on transfer of sharessuch as pre-emptive rights and tag along rights. For details, refer to see History and Certain CorporateMatters Shareholders Agreements on page 106.

34. Valuations in the software / information technology industry may not be sustained in future andcurrent valuations may not be reflective of future valuations for the industry.

There is no standard valuation methodology in software technology and related industries. The valuationsin the IT industry are presently high and may not be sustained in future. Additionally, current valuationsmay also not be reflective of future valuations within the industry.

35. Our global operations expose us to complex management, f

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