minerals anti oxidants

8/3/2019 Minerals Anti Oxidants

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Minerals andAntioxidants

By Tagreed Osman


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HOMEOSTATIC REGULATION OFMINERAL ELEMENTS

Homeostasisis the term used todescribe the ability of the body tomaintain the content of a specificsubstance within a certain range despitevarying intakes.

Homeostasis involves the processes ofabsorption, storage, and excretion. Therelative importance of these threeprocesses varies among the trace

elements.


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Excretion through the urine, bile, sweat, andbreath is, therefore, the primary mechanism forcontrolling the amount of these trace elements in

an organism. By being stored in inactive sites, some trace

elements are prevented from causing adversereactions when present in high quantities. An

example of this homeostatic process is the storageofiron as ferritin. Release of a trace element froma storage site also can be important in preventingdeficiency.


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Overview

What are minerals?

Categories of minerals

Antioxidants


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What are minerals? Minerals are substances help the body to

grow, develop, and stay healthy. The bodyuses minerals to perform many different

functions

from building strong bones, totransmittingnerve impulses. Some mineralsare even used to make hormones ormaintain a normal heartbeat


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General Characteristics of the Minerals:

Regulate body processes

Give structure to things in thebody

No calories (energy)

Cannot be destroyed by heat


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Classification of Minerals:1- Major mineralsmacrominerals withspecial duties in the body; calcium,phosphorus, magnesium, sodium,chloride, and potassium

2- Trace mineralsminerals needed inonly small amounts but serving vital bodyfunctions.


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Categories of minerals

Major minerals

Calcium

Phosphorus

Magnesium

Electrolytes (sodium,chloride, potassium)

Trace minerals

Chromium

Copper

Flouride

Iodine

Iron

Manganese

Selenium

Zinc


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Essential Minerals and TheirFunctions


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Electrolytes 1 -

1- Sodium (Na+): Participates in the regulation

ofosmotic pressure and Fluid

balance Participates in active transport

mechanisms as part of theplasma membrane Na+K+

ATPase

Muscles relax, transmit nerveimpulses

Regulates blood pressure


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Electrolytes 2 -

2- Potassium (K+):

Participates in the regulation ofosmotic

pressure Participates in active transport

mechanisms as part of the Na+K+ATPase

Has a role in muscle contraction andNerve impulses.

Maintains blood pressure


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Electrolytes 3 -

3- Chloride (Cl+)

Participates in the regulation of osmoticpressure and Fluid balance

Is a part of gastric acid (HCl) help in Digestionof food.

Transmits nerve impulses

Is a good oxidizingagent Participates in the exchange of oxygen for

carbon dioxide

Important to vitamin B12 absorption


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Electrolytes 4-

Sources:

Salt (sodium chloride)

Fruits, veggies, milk,beans, fish, chicken,nuts (potassium)


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Ca is the mainly extracellular mineralIs an important cell signal with respect tometabolicregulation and the transport ofmetabolites (and some hormones) from

one compartment to another or from onecell to the bloodstream

Is a key mineral in cell death, in musclecontraction, Heart rate and Nerve function

Play an important role in Teeth and Bonebuilding

Helps in blood cloting

4- Calcium (Ca++)


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5- Phosphorus

Is a component ofbones andteeth

Serves as a component ofnucleic acids (RNA and DNAcell growth, repair)

Almost all foods, especiallyprotein-rich foods, containphosphorus


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6- Magnesium

Part of 300 enzymes(regulates body functions)

Maintains cells in nerves,muscles

Component ofbones

Best sources are legumes,nuts, and whole grains


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7- Iron

Part of hemoglobin, carries oxygen

Brain development

Healthy immune system


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Disorders

- Hypertension

high-bloodpressure linked to high salt intake.

- Osteomalaciaa diseasecaused by a lack of vitamin D inadults.

- Osteoporosiscondition causedby calcium deficiency; bones

become porous, weak, fragile. - ToxicityAn excessive amount

of a substance that is poisonous in

the body.


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Antioxidants

Antioxidants are molecules that preventcell damage and serve as parts ofenzymes.

There are many types of antioxidantsfound in nature. There are vitaminantioxidants that are known to be

protective like vitaminsA, C, and E.


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Antioxidants- There are mineral antioxidants likeselenium and zinc and there are pigments(colors). Some pigments in plants and

animals are potent antioxidants.- Antioxidants trap harmful forms ofoxygen and prevent them from damaging

cells.- Antioxidants in the diet enter the bloodstream and act directly to protect cells of

the body from damage.


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Antioxidants - In addition, some antioxidants

stimulate the immune system, and/orincrease the activity ofdetoxifyingenzymes in the liver.

- Carotenoids beta carotene (familiar)

- Vitamin C

- Vitamin E

- Found in colorful fruits/veggies and

grains


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Balanced Diet = Good Health


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minerals anti oxidants

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