minerals eq: how are minerals a part of rocks?. what is a mineral? def: a naturally occurring,...
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What is a Mineral?DEF: A naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure & a definite chemical composition.
Example: Quartz
Inorganic: Means the mineral cannot
come from things that were once living
Non Example: Coal – it is organic because it comes from plants that lived millions of years ago.
Crystal: The repeating pattern of particles, line up when they form
Like a snowflake pattern or rock candy
6 Different Crystal Systems: Cubic Ex: Magnetite Hexagonal Ex: Quartz Tetragonal Ex: Rutile Orthorhombic Ex: Sulfur Monoclinic Ex: Azurite Triclinic Ex: Microcline
Feldspar
Definite Chemical Composition Certain elements form
together in specific ways
Like Hydrogen & Oxygen (H2O) and Carbon & Oxygen (CO2) form together to make these compounds
Physical Properties Identify Minerals
Physical Properties include 6 “tests” you can perform on minerals to determine what type of mineral they might be.
1. Streak Test
The color of the mineral’s powder that’s left behind when it is rubbed across a rough surface
Example: Pyrite looks like gold but, it’s streak looks greenish-black (aka “fool’s gold”)
5. Fracture One way minerals break Break unevenly in irregular
ways
Chipped Shell-like Ex: Quartz Jagged points Ex: Copper
& Iron Crumbles Ex: Clay
6. Mohs Hardness Scale A scale that ranks 10 minerals from
softest to hardest. You can compare unknown minerals to the minerals on this scale Hardness can be tested by a Scratch
Test A mineral can scratch any other softer
mineral It can also BE scratched by any
harder mineral
Softest Mineral – TalcHardest Mineral - Diamond
Science StandardS6E5. How Earth’s surface forms
b. Minerals make rocks EX: Granite may be made of many different
minerals (feldspar, mica, hornblende, quartz) c. Rocks are classified by how they are
formed EX: Igneous rocks form from magma/lava
cooling d. Different processes change rock & the
surface of the Earth EX: Weathering & Erosion break down rocks
& move them to new places
Types of Luster
Metallic Ex: Galena Glassy Ex: Topaz Waxy, Greasy, Pearly Ex: Talc Dull Ex: Graphite Silky Ex:
Malachite Earthy Ex: Hematite