minerals what in this classroom is made from minerals?
TRANSCRIPT
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Minerals
• What in this classroom is made from minerals?
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Beryllium in computers, cell phones and emeralds
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Chromite-chrome faucets
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Feldspar in the glass
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Lithium-electronics batteries
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Minerals are found in rocks, smaller sediments and dissolved in water
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If you find a mineral, how do you know what it is?
Can you tell by looking, if this is gold or “fool’s gold”?
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Can you tell if it’s diamond or quartz?
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Focus Question
• What are the minerals in your box and how do you know?
• Write down your predictions in your science notebook.
I predict mineral 1 is…………I predict mineral 2 is………….
I predict mineral 3 is ………….
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You can’t tell just by looking!
You need evidence from a variety of tests to identify a mineral.
These tests identify the properties of a mineral.
A property is an observable characteristic of matter.
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Color
• Describe the color.
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Streak
• The color of the mineral in powdered form. • Turn the mineral into a powder by rubbing it
against the porcelain tile.
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Luster
• Luster is how light reflects off a mineral. It can be metallic (shiny) or non-metallic (not shiny)
Metallic luster:
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Non-metallic luster
• Can be glassy
• Can be a variety of other things, dull, greasy, but we will just call them “non-metallic”
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Give it a try
Describe the color, streak, luster and of the 8 minerals in your box.
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What did you notice?
• Share data for streak• Share data for luster• Do we agree? • Was the color always the same as the streak? • Anything else that you observed? • Questions that came up?
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How a mineral breaks: cleavage or fracture?
• Cleavage-When the mineral breaks it will break along parallel planes. You will see repeating patterns:
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How a mineral breaks
• Fracture-it will irregularly break with out a definite shape
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Don’t break it
• Look at the edges and predict whether or not your minerals have cleavage or fracture.
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Share data for cleavage vs. Fracture
• Mineral 1, fracture
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mineral 2: Cleavage
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Mineral 3: Fracture
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Mineral 4: Cleavage
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Mineral 5: fracture
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Mineral 6: Cleavage
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Mineral 7: Cleavage
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Mineral 8: cleavage
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Hardness p. 2 of lab
• Minerals are rated on a hardness scale of 1-10. 1 is the softest (talc that makes talcum powder). 10 is the hardest (diamond)
• Testing tools have a hardness rating see p. 2 in lab
• The harder item scratches the softer item. • REPLACE NAIL WITH PAPERCLIP IN LAB
DIRECTIONS• Read p. 2 and try answering the questions.
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Try #1 We will go through this one step at a time.
• Scratch the mineral with your fingernail. • Does it get scratched? Then it is _______than your
fingernail. Give it a hardness of 2. • Does it resist getting scratched? Then it is ____________
than your fingernail.• If it is too hard to be scratched, move to the next harder
tool, the copper strip or penny. • Scratch the copper strip with your mineral. If it doesn’t
scratch it is 3, if it does it is greater than 3 and you will move to a harder tool, paperclip.
• Does the paperclip scratch the mineral? Then the mineral is softer than the paperclip and it is between 4-5. If it resists being scratched it is harder than 5.5. Go to the glass.
• If if doesn’t scratch the glass if is 5-6. If it scratches the glass it is greater than 6.
• If if doesn’t leave a streak on the streak plate it is harder than 7.
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Let’s try together
• Mineral _____together• Rest of minerals by yourself. Share materials
with you partner. But, make sure you get a chance yourself!
• Share results
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Share results
• #1: 6-8; #2: 2-4; #3: 5-7; #4:1-2; #5: 5-7 #6: 2-4 #7: 5-7 #8: 1-3
• In earth science, hardness is defined as the resistance to being scratched.
• Sometimes you can use minerals instead of tools. Try the bottom of p. 2
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Chemical Reactions
• In a chemical reaction something new such as a gas is produced.
• This is different than a phase change, when you heat something up it turns to a gas.
• Put Hydrochloric acid on a rock, see if gas is produced.
• If you get a gas, a chemical reaction occurred. If not, no reaction.
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Safety rules
• You must wear goggles• Put your mineral in a tray with a paper towel. • Use only one-two drops.• Dry your minerals off with the paper towel. • Member number _____ get paper towel and
throw it away.• Member number _____ is in charge of goggles.• You may not take off goggles until I have
collected your Hydrochloric acid.
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Complete the chemical tests as a group
• What are your results?
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Can you identify your minerals?
Use the mineral identification key to match your mystery mineral with the mineral that has the most similar properties.
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Data Analysis• We now need to analyze our results to see
what they show/tell us.• On a piece of loose-leaf, answer the following
questions in complete sentences.1.Which property was most useful to ID the
rocks? WHY?2.Which property could be most misleading to
the identification of a rock? WHY?
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Conclusion• Complete your concluding paragraph by
answering the following questions:1.What was the purpose of this laboratory
experiment?2.What properties of minerals did you use to
identify the rocks? Explain them!3.Possible errors?4.What additional question do you have about
identifying mystery rocks?