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MINISTRY OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHAND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGYMINISTRY OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHAND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
„ „ ERA – Challenges of accession countries”ERA – Challenges of accession countries”„ „ ERA – Challenges of accession countries”ERA – Challenges of accession countries”
Jan Krzysztof FRJan Krzysztof FRĄĄCKOWIAKCKOWIAKJan Krzysztof FRJan Krzysztof FRĄĄCKOWIAKCKOWIAK
Ministry Ministry of Scientific Research and Information Technologyof Scientific Research and Information Technology
PolandPoland
Ministry Ministry of Scientific Research and Information Technologyof Scientific Research and Information Technology
PolandPoland
Sopron/Eisenstadt, 30-31 October, 2003Sopron/Eisenstadt, 30-31 October, 2003
Undersecretary of StateUndersecretary of StateUndersecretary of StateUndersecretary of State
MINISTRY OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHAND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGYMINISTRY OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHAND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Data for the „10” Data for the „10” as percentage of data for the „15”as percentage of data for the „15”
Data for the „10” Data for the „10” as percentage of data for the „15”as percentage of data for the „15”
7575 377377 19.919.9
755.5755.5 85258525 8.98.9
11.311.3 26.326.3 43.043.0
5.745.74 165.4165.4 3.53.5
250 000250 000 1 620 0001 620 000 15.415.4
98 69398 693 1 317 6781 317 678 7.57.5
Population (million)Population (million)
GDP (Purchasing Power Standard)[GDP (Purchasing Power Standard)[€€ billion] billion]
Internet users/100 inhabitantsInternet users/100 inhabitants
Expenditure on research (absolute)[Expenditure on research (absolute)[€€ billion] billion]
Number of researchersNumber of researchers
Number of scientific publicationsNumber of scientific publications
„„10”10” „„15”15” %%
Source: EUROSTAT Year Book Source: EUROSTAT Year Book 20022002
BulgariaBulgaria
CyprusCyprus
Czech Rep.Czech Rep.
EstoniaEstonia
LatviaLatvia
LithuaniaLithuania
RomaniaRomania
Slovak Rep.Slovak Rep.
SloveniaSlovenia
HungaryHungary
PolandPoland
EU-15EU-15
R&D R&D IntensityIntensity
(GERD/GDP)%(GERD/GDP)%
GERDGERD
TotalTotalMio ecuMio ecu
Financed byFinanced byGovernment %Government %
Financed byFinanced byBusiness %Business %
0.570.570.570.57
0.250.250.250.25
1.241.241.241.24
0.750.750.750.75
0.690.690.690.69
0.410.410.410.41
0.600.600.600.60
0.750.750.750.75
0.400.400.400.40
0.660.660.660.66
1.511.511.511.51
1.931.931.931.93
69696969
164 288164 288164 288164 288
21212121
641641641641
37373737
309309309309
26262626
73737373
1 0861 0861 0861 086
134134134134
126126126126
284284284284
69.769.769.769.7
68.568.568.568.5
42.642.642.642.6
64.864.864.864.8
53.253.253.253.2
55.655.655.655.6
58.558.558.558.5
46.746.746.746.7
47.947.947.947.9
36.836.836.836.8
34.234.234.234.2
22.822.822.822.8
17.417.417.417.4
52.652.652.652.6
24.224.224.224.2
38.538.538.538.5
15.715.715.715.7
38.138.138.138.1
50.250.250.250.2
49.949.949.949.9
56.956.956.956.9
56.356.356.356.3
RR&&D investment in Candidate D investment in Candidate Countries, 1999Countries, 1999
RR&&D investment in Candidate D investment in Candidate Countries, 1999Countries, 1999
MINISTRY OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHAND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGYMINISTRY OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHAND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Source: Source: Science, Technology and Innovation, Key Figures Science, Technology and Innovation, Key Figures 2002, EC 2002, EC
Human resourcesHuman resources in R in R&&D in Candidate Countries, 1999D in Candidate Countries, 1999
Human resourcesHuman resources in R in R&&D in Candidate Countries, 1999D in Candidate Countries, 1999
10 58010 58010 58010 580
278278278278
13 53513 53513 53513 535
3002300230023002
12 57912 57912 57912 579
2 6262 6262 6262 626
7 7777 7777 7777 777
56 44356 44356 44356 443
23 47323 47323 47323 473
9 2049 2049 2049 204
4 4274 4274 4274 427
919 796919 796919 796919 796
11.811.811.811.8
23.123.123.123.1
42.942.942.942.9
12.612.612.612.6
25.925.925.925.9
7.37.37.37.3
3.73.73.73.7
18.318.318.318.3
65.865.865.865.8
27.427.427.427.4
34.834.834.834.8
50.050.050.050.0
20.920.920.920.9
42.742.742.742.7
25.025.025.025.0
66.366.366.366.3
37.937.937.937.9
64.164.164.164.1
63.463.463.463.4
62.562.562.562.5
9.99.99.99.9
46.246.246.246.2
29.529.529.529.5
34.334.334.334.3
66.766.766.766.7
29.729.729.729.7
31.631.631.631.6
20.720.720.720.7
36.236.236.236.2
28.628.628.628.6
32.932.932.932.9
19.219.219.219.2
24.324.324.324.3
26.426.426.426.4
34.134.134.134.1
14.214.214.214.2
BulgariaBulgaria
CyprusCyprus
Czech Rep.Czech Rep.
EstoniaEstonia
LatviaLatvia
LithuaniaLithuania
RomaniaRomania
Slovak Rep.Slovak Rep.
SloveniaSlovenia
HungaryHungary
PolandPoland
EU-15EU-15
Researchers by sectorResearchers by sector
TotalTotal(full-time equvivalent)(full-time equvivalent)
BusinessBusinesssector %sector %
HigherHighereducation %education %
GovernmentGovernmentsector %sector %
MINISTRY OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHAND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGYMINISTRY OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHAND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Source: Source: Science, Technology and Innovation, Key Figures Science, Technology and Innovation, Key Figures 2002, EC 2002, EC
Scientific, technological and Scientific, technological and economic performance of Candidate economic performance of Candidate
CountriesCountries
Scientific, technological and Scientific, technological and economic performance of Candidate economic performance of Candidate
CountriesCountries
BulgariaBulgariaBulgariaBulgaria
CyprusCyprusCyprusCyprus
Czech Rep.Czech Rep.Czech Rep.Czech Rep.
EstoniaEstoniaEstoniaEstonia
LatviaLatviaLatviaLatvia
LithuaniaLithuaniaLithuaniaLithuania
RomaniaRomaniaRomaniaRomania
Slovak Rep.Slovak Rep.Slovak Rep.Slovak Rep.
SloveniaSloveniaSloveniaSlovenia
HungaryHungaryHungaryHungary
PolandPolandPolandPoland
EU-15EU-15EU-15EU-15
MaltaMaltaMaltaMalta
Publication (3)Publication (3)per millionper millionpopulationpopulation
19991999
Publication (3)Publication (3)per millionper millionpopulationpopulation
19991999
185185185185
577577577577
170170170170
352352352352
330330330330
370370370370
143143143143
127127127127
67676767
221221221221
70707070
293293293293
755755755755
GDP (1)GDP (1)per capitaper capita
20012001
GDP (1)GDP (1)per capitaper capita
20012001
6 5106 5106 5106 510
18 46018 46018 46018 460
13 28013 28013 28013 280
9 8209 8209 8209 820
11 88011 88011 88011 880
7 7107 7107 7107 710
8 7308 7308 7308 730
::::
9 2109 2109 2109 210
5 8605 8605 8605 860
11 06011 06011 06011 060
15 97015 97015 97015 970
23 20023 20023 20023 200 88
AverageAverageannual growthannual growth
of GDP %of GDP %1995-20001995-2000
AverageAverageannual growthannual growth
of GDP %of GDP %1995-20001995-2000
-0.83-0.83-0.83-0.83
4.344.344.344.34
3.783.783.783.78
1.221.221.221.22
4.904.904.904.90
4.024.024.024.02
5.285.285.285.28
3.333.333.333.33
4.374.374.374.37
5.145.145.145.14
-1.33-1.33-1.33-1.33
3.783.783.783.78
2.632.632.632.63
Patents (2)Patents (2)per millionper millionpopulationpopulation
19991999
Patents (2)Patents (2)per millionper millionpopulationpopulation
19991999
3333
7777
10101010
2222
12121212
3333
5555
1111
1111
::::
22222222
126126126126
1111
55
High-tech (4)High-tech (4)exports, as %exports, as %
exportsexports20002000
High-tech (4)High-tech (4)exports, as %exports, as %
exportsexports20002000
2.32.32.32.3
2.72.72.72.7
7.87.87.87.8
21.721.721.721.7
22.922.922.922.9
2.22.22.22.2
64.464.464.464.4
2.12.12.12.1
4.54.54.54.5
4.14.14.14.1
3.73.73.73.7
19.719.719.719.7
2.72.72.72.7
66
77
77
77
99
(1) in PPS at current prices, (8) Estimate(1) in PPS at current prices, (8) Estimate(2) European patents, (5) Czech Republic and Slovakia could not separated in the data(2) European patents, (5) Czech Republic and Slovakia could not separated in the data(3) Publications from 11 fields: agriculture and food science, basic life science, biological science, biomedical(3) Publications from 11 fields: agriculture and food science, basic life science, biological science, biomedicalscience and pharmacology, chemistry, clinical medicine and health sciences, computer sciences, earth andscience and pharmacology, chemistry, clinical medicine and health sciences, computer sciences, earth andenvironmental sciences, engineering sciences, mathematics and statistic, physics and astronomyenvironmental sciences, engineering sciences, mathematics and statistic, physics and astronomy
(4) High tech fields: aerospace, computers & office machinery, electronics, instruments, pharmaceuticals,(4) High tech fields: aerospace, computers & office machinery, electronics, instruments, pharmaceuticals,Electrical machinery, chemicals, non electrical machinery, armement; (6) 1997; (7) 1999; (9) Extra-EU tradeElectrical machinery, chemicals, non electrical machinery, armement; (6) 1997; (7) 1999; (9) Extra-EU trade
MINISTRY OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHAND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGYMINISTRY OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHAND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
MINISTRY OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHAND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGYMINISTRY OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHAND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Building of ERA serves well integration processes Building of ERA serves well integration processes in Rin R&&D sectors of the Candidate Countries.D sectors of the Candidate Countries.
Building of ERA serves well integration processes Building of ERA serves well integration processes in Rin R&&D sectors of the Candidate Countries.D sectors of the Candidate Countries.
Important, expected effects of Important, expected effects of enlargement of theenlargement of the “ “European Union European Union Research Area”:Research Area”:
Important, expected effects of Important, expected effects of enlargement of theenlargement of the “ “European Union European Union Research Area”:Research Area”:
better cohesion and coordination of national S&T policiesbetter cohesion and coordination of national S&T policies;; better cohesion and coordination of national S&T policiesbetter cohesion and coordination of national S&T policies;;
intensification of researchers exchange between the CCsintensification of researchers exchange between the CCs and the EU Member Statesand the EU Member States;;
intensification of researchers exchange between the CCsintensification of researchers exchange between the CCs and the EU Member Statesand the EU Member States;;
better, more effective use of R&D human potential better, more effective use of R&D human potential and infrastructureand infrastructure;;
better, more effective use of R&D human potential better, more effective use of R&D human potential and infrastructureand infrastructure;;
levelling up of the information infrastructure levelslevelling up of the information infrastructure levels;; levelling up of the information infrastructure levelslevelling up of the information infrastructure levels;;
facilitating access to different sources offacilitating access to different sources of R&D fundingR&D funding;; facilitating access to different sources offacilitating access to different sources of R&D fundingR&D funding;;
MINISTRY OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHAND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGYMINISTRY OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHAND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Participation of CCs in EU Framework Participation of CCs in EU Framework Programmes for Research, Programmes for Research,
Technological Development and Technological Development and Demonstration Activities (FPs) Demonstration Activities (FPs) involves them in ERA buildinginvolves them in ERA building
Participation of CCs in EU Framework Participation of CCs in EU Framework Programmes for Research, Programmes for Research,
Technological Development and Technological Development and Demonstration Activities (FPs) Demonstration Activities (FPs) involves them in ERA buildinginvolves them in ERA building
Opening of the FP6 – demonstration of Opening of the FP6 – demonstration of ERA attractive force for all participants, ERA attractive force for all participants,
Member States and Candidate Member States and Candidate CountriesCountries
Opening of the FP6 – demonstration of Opening of the FP6 – demonstration of ERA attractive force for all participants, ERA attractive force for all participants,
Member States and Candidate Member States and Candidate CountriesCountries
MINISTRY OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHAND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGYMINISTRY OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHAND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Candidate Candidate Countries:Countries: Candidate Candidate Countries:Countries:
the level of research development is higher the level of research development is higher than that of economythan that of economy;;
the level of research development is higher the level of research development is higher than that of economythan that of economy;;
the level of basic research is higher than that of applied the level of basic research is higher than that of applied research and development worksresearch and development works;;
the level of basic research is higher than that of applied the level of basic research is higher than that of applied research and development worksresearch and development works;;
the thematic structure of R&D is still affected the thematic structure of R&D is still affected by the S&T policy of the years 1950 – 1990by the S&T policy of the years 1950 – 1990;;
the thematic structure of R&D is still affected the thematic structure of R&D is still affected by the S&T policy of the years 1950 – 1990by the S&T policy of the years 1950 – 1990;;
the level of R&D financing is very lowthe level of R&D financing is very low;; the level of R&D financing is very lowthe level of R&D financing is very low;;
MINISTRY OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHAND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGYMINISTRY OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHAND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
New goals/instruments of SNew goals/instruments of S&&T policy T policy in the CCs:in the CCs: New goals/instruments of SNew goals/instruments of S&&T policy T policy in the CCs:in the CCs:
stronger cooperation of R&D and industry sectorsstronger cooperation of R&D and industry sectors;; stronger cooperation of R&D and industry sectorsstronger cooperation of R&D and industry sectors;;
modernizing R&D profile (more technological output)modernizing R&D profile (more technological output) and prioritiesand priorities;;
modernizing R&D profile (more technological output)modernizing R&D profile (more technological output) and prioritiesand priorities;;
promotion of the knowledge based economypromotion of the knowledge based economy;; promotion of the knowledge based economypromotion of the knowledge based economy;;
promoting educational role of science, promoting educational role of science, grows of R&D in higher education institutionsgrows of R&D in higher education institutions;;
promoting educational role of science, promoting educational role of science, grows of R&D in higher education institutionsgrows of R&D in higher education institutions;;
promotion of young researcher’s national promotion of young researcher’s national and European careersand European careers;;
promotion of young researcher’s national promotion of young researcher’s national and European careersand European careers;;
more competitive approach to R&D fundingmore competitive approach to R&D funding;; more competitive approach to R&D fundingmore competitive approach to R&D funding;;
networking, establishing centers of excellence, networking, establishing centers of excellence, concentration of resourcesconcentration of resources;;
networking, establishing centers of excellence, networking, establishing centers of excellence, concentration of resourcesconcentration of resources;;
MINISTRY OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHAND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGYMINISTRY OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHAND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Scientific and innovation-oriented Scientific and innovation-oriented collaboration between “new” and “old” collaboration between “new” and “old”
member states requires more member states requires more encouragementencouragement
Scientific and innovation-oriented Scientific and innovation-oriented collaboration between “new” and “old” collaboration between “new” and “old”
member states requires more member states requires more encouragementencouragement Exchanging and implementing the best Exchanging and implementing the best
practices in Rpractices in R&&D sector will help D sector will help integration process integration process
Exchanging and implementing the best Exchanging and implementing the best practices in Rpractices in R&&D sector will help D sector will help
integration process integration process ““Lisbon strategy” and “Barcelona Lisbon strategy” and “Barcelona objectives” an enormous and difficult objectives” an enormous and difficult
challenge for CCschallenge for CCs
““Lisbon strategy” and “Barcelona Lisbon strategy” and “Barcelona objectives” an enormous and difficult objectives” an enormous and difficult
challenge for CCschallenge for CCs Future is more friendly for optimistsFuture is more friendly for optimists Future is more friendly for optimistsFuture is more friendly for optimists
MINISTRY OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHAND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGYMINISTRY OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHAND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
0,00,0
0,20,2
0,40,4
0,60,6
0,80,8
1,01,0
1,21,2
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
[%
[% o
f G
DP
of
GD
P]]
11..0808
00..8787 00..868600..9090
00..7474 00..787800..7474 00..7373 00..7474
00..686800..7373
00..6666 00..6565
00..7575
00..646400..5757 00..5555
00..464600..4747 00..4646 00..4343 00..4444 00..4242 00..424200..3535 00..3535
00..222200..2929
00..353500..2828 00..3030 00..2727 00..3030 00..3030
00..262600..3030 00..3030 00..303000..3232
TotalTotal
Non-budgetary expenditureNon-budgetary expenditure Budgetary expenditureBudgetary expenditure
GERD IN POLAND IN 1991-GERD IN POLAND IN 1991-20032003
GERD IN POLAND IN 1991-GERD IN POLAND IN 1991-20032003
(source – (source – Central Statistical OfficeCentral Statistical Office))
MINISTRY OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHAND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGYMINISTRY OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHAND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
MINISTRY OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHAND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGYMINISTRY OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHAND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Source: Ministry of National EducationSource: Ministry of National Education & & SportSport
NUMBER OF UNIVERSITY NUMBER OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTSSTUDENTS
(in thousands)(in thousands)
NUMBER OF UNIVERSITY NUMBER OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTSSTUDENTS
(in thousands)(in thousands)
00200200400400600600800800
100010001200120014001400160016001800180020002000
19951995 19961996 19971997 19981998 19991999 20002000 20012001 20022002 20020033
845845 90690610771077
1231123113971397 14311431..99
15841584..8817181718..77
11800.5800.5
MINISTRY OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHAND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGYMINISTRY OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHAND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
NUMBER OF UNIVERSITY NUMBER OF UNIVERSITY GRADUATESGRADUATES
(in thousands)(in thousands)
NUMBER OF UNIVERSITY NUMBER OF UNIVERSITY GRADUATESGRADUATES
(in thousands)(in thousands)
00
5050
100100
150150
200200
250250
300300
19911991 19931993 19951995 19971997 1999199919919922 19919944 19919966 19919988 20002000 2001/22001/2
Source: Ministry of National EducationSource: Ministry of National Education & & SportSport
5959 6161..446464..227070..338989
115115..99
146146..33174174..88
209209..88
261261..11
342.1342.1
MINISTRY OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHAND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGYMINISTRY OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHAND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
00
50005000
1000010000
1500015000
2000020000
2500025000
3000030000
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
NUMBER OF PH.NUMBER OF PH. DD.. STUDENTSSTUDENTS
NUMBER OF PH.NUMBER OF PH. DD.. STUDENTSSTUDENTS
Source: Ministry of National EducationSource: Ministry of National Education & & SportSport
957795771123711237
1532115321
1877418774
2223922239
25622256222283458345
3107231072
MINISTRY OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHAND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGYMINISTRY OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHAND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
NUMBER NUMBER OF AWARDEDOF AWARDED DOCTORALDOCTORAL
DEGREESDEGREES
NUMBER NUMBER OF AWARDEDOF AWARDED DOCTORALDOCTORAL
DEGREESDEGREES
00
500500
10001000
15001500
20002000
25002500
30003000
35003500
40004000
45004500
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
2300230024002400
26002600
35003500
4004400444004400 44004400
51055105
Source: Ministry of National EducationSource: Ministry of National Education & & SportSport
MINISTRY OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHAND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGYMINISTRY OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHAND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY