Materi 1Introduction to the Computer-BasedInformation System1-*

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Information ManagementInformation: The most valuable resource 1-*

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Five Main ResourcesPersonnelMaterialMachines

(including facilities and energy)MoneyInformation (and data)

PhysicalConceptual}1-*

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How Resources are ManagedAcquireAssemble, or prepareMaximize useReplace

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Factors Stimulating Interest in Information ManagementIncreasing complexity of business activity

International economyWorldwide competitionIncreasing complexity of technologyShrinking time framesSocial constraintsImproved computer capabilities

SizeSpeed1-*

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Who are the Users?ManagersNonmanagersPersons & organizations in the firms environment

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The Influence of Management Level on Information SourceStrategic planning levelManagement control levelOperational control level

InternalEnvironmental1-*

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The Influence of Management Level on Information FormStrategic planning levelManagement control levelOperational control level

DetailSummary1-*

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Managers Can Be Found on All Levels and in All Functional Areas of the Firm FinanceFunctionHuman ResourcesFunctionInformationServicesFunctionManufacturingFunctionMarketingFunctionStrategic planning levelManagement Control LevelOperational Control Level1-*

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What Managers do --Fayols FunctionsStrategic Planning LevelManagement Control LevelOperational Control Level1-*

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What Managers do -- Mintzbergs RolesInterpersonal roles

FigureheadLeaderLiaisonInformational roles

MonitorDisseminatorSpokespersonDecisional rolesEntrepreneurDisturbance handlerResource allocatorNegotiator

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Management SkillsCommunicationsProblem solving

How can an information specialist help?1-*

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Problem Solving Information Comes in Many Forms

Computer ReportsNoncomputer reportsElectronic mailPeriodicalsTelephoneProblem SolvingWritten MediaOral MediaInternal SourcesExternal SourcesScheduled MeetingsUnscheduled MeetingsVoice MailToursBusiness MealsLetters & Memos1-*

Management KnowledgeComputer literacy

Information literacy

Whats the difference?

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System ComponentsComponent parts of a system that can control its own operations

Objectives

Control mechanism

Transformation

InputOutput1-*

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Open-Loop System

Transformation

InputOutput1-*

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Open versus Closed SystemsOpen system

Connected to its environment by means of resource flowsClosed system

Not connected to its environment1-*

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Systems Can Be Composed of Subsystems or Elemental Parts

Subsystem A-2Subsystem A-3Subsystem B-2Subsystem B-1

SystemSubsystem ASubsystem BElemental Part CSubsystem A-1Elemental part B11-*

Physical and Conceptual SystemsPhysical system

The business firm Composed of physical resourcesConceptual system

Represents a physical systemUses conceptual resources InformationData 1-*

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A Systems ViewBusiness operations are embedded within a larger environmental setting

Reduces complexityRequires good objectivesEmphasizes working together Acknowledges interconnectionsValues feedback1-*

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Data and InformationInformation processor

Key element in the conceptual systemComputerNoncomputerCombinationData is the raw material transformed into information

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Evolution of the CBISData Processing (DP)Management Information Systems (MIS) 1964

IBM promoted the concept as a means of selling disk files and terminalsDecision Support Systems (DSS) 1971

Text books distinction:MIS: Organizational/group - generalDSS: Individual - specificOffice Automation (OA) 1964Artificial Intelligence (AI)/ Expert Systems (ES) - 1990s

Heavy investment by businesses1-*

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The CBIS Model

Computer-based Information System(CBIS)Accounting Information System ManagementInformation SystemDecision SupportSystemsThe VirtualOffice Knowledge-based SystemsDecisionsProblem

Information

ProblemSolution1-*

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Information ServicesInformation specialists have full-time responsibility for developing and maintaining computer-based systems1-*

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Traditional Communication Chain

DatabaseAdministratorUserSystemsAnalystProgrammerOperatorComputerNetworkSpecialist1-*

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End-User Computing (EUC)End-user computing

Development of all or part of applicationsInformation specialists act as consultantsStimulants to EUC

Increased computer literacyIS backlogLow-cost hardware (the PC)Prewritten software (electronic spreadsheets)1-*

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IS and EUCThe End-User Computing Communication Chain

User

ComputerInformationSpecialistsSupportCommunication1-*

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Justifying the CBISJustify in the same manner as any other large investmentEconomic

Cost reductionReduced inventory investmentIncreased productivity (CAD/CAM)Noneconomic

Perceived value1-*

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Achieving the CBIS

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Reengineering the CBISBusiness Process Reengineering (BPR)

Reworking systemsGood system features retained Becoming development methodology of choice1-*

Roles Played by the Managerand by the Information Specialist

Implementation

PhaseManagerInformation Specialist

Control

ControlControlControlPlanningAnalysisDesignUseDefine problemSupportSystem StudyDesign systemImplement systemMake available1-*

SummaryInformation is one of five main resourcesComputer output used by managers and nonmanagersA system is an integration of elements working toward an objective

Physical ConceptualData vs. Information

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Summary [cont.]CBIS composed of various components

AISMISDSSVirtual officeKnowledge-based systemsEnd-user computing trendsCBIS development

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