doctors asked William to communicatewith his parents, Callahan argued thatWilliam’s parents were a “negativeforce in his life.” Joe and Amy Brucewere kept away from meetings heldto determine their son’s future care.

Bailey and Callahan are amongan army of lawyers working forDisability Rights programs acrossthe United States. These state-basedprograms were created by Congresstwo decades ago to prevent abuse

1

2. . Excecutive Director Corner

6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Profiles inTreatment Advocacy

8 . . . . . . . . . Around the States

www.TreatmentAdvocacyCenter.org

Misguided Disability RightsGroup Fights TreatmentBRUCE FAMILY TRAGEDY HIGHLIGHTS NEED FOR CHANGE

here are some God damnnasty families out there,”attorney Helen Bailey told The

Wall Street Journal earlier this year. InMarch 2006, Bailey fought vigorouslyagainst the interests of William Bruce’sfamily so that William could remainpsychotic while being released fromMaine’s Riverview Psychiatric Center.

Upon release, William Bruce was24 years old and suffering from untreat-ed paranoid schizophrenia. Williamarmed himself with knives, paced in hisdriveway, and mumbled unintelligibly.“It was the worst we had ever seenhim,” says his father, Joe Bruce.

On June 20, just three monthslater, William Bruce struck and killedhis mother with a hatchet while shesat at her desk. William Bruce latertold police that the Pope had orderedhim to kill his mother because shewas involved with Al Qaeda.

William Bruce’s history of dan-gerousness and delusional thinkingwas well-documented. He madethreats with a loaded gun. He heldhis mother in a headlock. He refusedto take medication. One physicianat Riverview noted that William was,

“dangerous to others without addi-tional observation and attempts totreat him.” Another physician noted,“Very dangerous indeed for release tothe community.”

Bailey and her colleague, TrishCallahan, flatlyrejected thesemedical concerns.They said therewas no basis tokeep William hos-pitalized. Theyfought to keepWilliam from tak-ing medications.Callahan repeated-ly coached Williamon how to answerhis doctor’s ques-tions, according tonotes taken at onemeeting. When

wo years ago, on an early win-ter morning, I searched thehorse pastures and woods

around my country home to locate myson Joshua. Out of character, Joshuahad not come home the night before. Iworried about him. You see, Joshuasuffered from a mental illness.

Before Joshua could receive thecare he needed, Virginia law requiredthat his brain disorder become sounbearable and painful that he actdangerously. Joshua was very sick, but

like many people with a mental ill-ness, he did not understand he wassick. Trapped by laws, my prayersturned away from seeing my sonachieve his dreams of becoming anelectrical engineer and raising a fami-ly. Instead, I prayed he would act irra-tionally without getting hurt so I couldfinally get him the help he needed.

Joshua’s condition was treatable,but he never became dangerous.Virginia law did not put significance

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CONTINUES ON PAGE 4

CONTINUES ON PAGE 5

For the Love of Joshua

“T

Amy and Joe Bruce with their three sons

2

While we focus on bringing about systemic changes, weare constantly reminded that our work impacts real lives ona daily basis. A mother in New York - whose daughter wasuntreated, homeless, and victimized for years before she wasplaced in New York’s assisted outpatient treatment program —testified that, “AOT has given my daughter a real life and newhope for the first time in fifteen long and terrible years…”

The Treatment Advocacy Center also serves as aresource center for people with severe mental illnesses andtheir caregivers. Through our website, public presentations,newsletters and other publications we help to educate thepublic and the media about both the benefits of assistedtreatment and the consequences of non-treatment. We pro-vide resources to family members on how to advocate forbetter treatment laws, prepare to help a loved one in crisis,use existing state laws to get treatment, and implementassisted outpatient treatment programs. All of theseresources help to bring treatment to those in need who areunable to voluntarily get treatment.

Another mother, Mary Ann Renz from Mississippi,recently contacted us to share how treatment changed herson Charles’ life. She recounted the difficulties she faced toget treatment for his illness, paranoid schizophrenia, whenhe was rejecting treatment. He later thanked her for all hersupport. “This speaks volumes for us all to do everythingwe can to help our love ones have the opportunity for aquality life worth living.”

For me, Mrs. Renz’s story and my own experience witha family member remind me of why the TreatmentAdvocacy Center is vitally important to the lives of peoplewith severe mental illnesses and their families. We are hereto continue to fight the good fight for timely and effectivetreatment.

Sincerely,

Rosanna M. Esposito, Interim Executive Director

To obtain free copies of the Model Law, please go online atwww.TreatmentAdvocacyCenter.org or call 703-294-6001

he Treatment Advocacy Center exists to get real helpfor people suffering from severe mental illnesses, likebipolar disorder and schizophrenia, and for the fami-

lies who are trying to support them. We are the only nationalorganization that is solely dedicated to eliminating the bar-riers that prevent timely and effective treatment for thosewho are too ill to recognize their own need for treatment.

During my ten years with the Treatment AdvocacyCenter, we have assisted thousands of caring, devoted andworried family members. They witness, firsthand, the dev-astating effects that untreated severe mental illnesses canhave on their loved ones. They try to encourage and facili-tate voluntary treatment. They recognize that the illness

interferes with the ability to rec-ognize symptoms and the needfor treatment. They wrestle withif, when, and how to initiate civilcommitment as a last resort totreat the illness that has afflictedthe person they once knew.

We appreciate that familymembers are often primary care-givers for individuals with severemental illnesses. Currently, morethan half of individuals withsevere mental illnesses who livein the community are living withtheir families. While myths con-tinue to persist among somemental health advocates aboutfamilies being the cause of prob-lems, we know that far too manyfamilies are running into barriersin obtaining needed treatment forthese biologically-based illnesses.

The Treatment AdvocacyCenter works to pass and imple-ment treatment laws that con-tain need-for-treatment stan-

dards for earlier intervention and to permit assisted outpa-tient treatment (AOT). We support laws that require judgesto consider relevant family member testimony in civil com-mitment hearings, and we encourage the small handful ofstates that have yet to do so to allow family members todirectly petition for treatment. Our Model Law for AssistedTreatment contains a variety of these family-friendly provi-sions, which already exist in some state laws and are onthe legislative agenda in others.

T

Managing Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Judy YoderContributors . . . . . . . .Paul DelPonte; Kurt Entsminger;

Rosanna Esposito; Kathy Harkey;Carla Jacobs; Kristina Ragosta; E. Fuller Torrey

Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Leigh Duvall/InnoVision

Catalyst is a quarterly publication of the Treatment Advocacy Center toupdate friends and supporters about our programs, activities and othernews and developments affecting the treatment of severe mental illness.

Treatment Advocacy Center is a private, nonprofit, 501(c)(3) organizationand does not accept funding from pharmaceutical companies or entitiesinvolved in the sale, marketing or distribution of such products. For additionalinformation about, visit our website at www.TreatmentAdvocacyCenter.org,or send an email to info@TreatmentAdvocacyCenter.org.

We are theonly nationalorganizationthat is solelydedicated toeliminating thebarriers thatprevent timelyand effectivetreatment forthose whoare too ill torecognize theirown need fortreatment.

Alicia Aebersold, Washington, DC In honor of Jon Stanley’s work

to get real help for the people

who need it most.

Taylor Andrews, Carlisle, PA In memory of Jean Pisano

Emmett & Gail Angell, Califon, NJ In honor of Carl Christopher Angell

Jerry & Aedene Arthur, Palmer, AK In memory of Aaron Arthur

& in honor of Beth Arthur

Janet Lee Bachant, New York, NY In honor of Rod Rucker

May Baker, Auburn, CA In honor of my son

Thomas & Marcia Barnes, Williamsville, NY In honor of Gregory F. Barnes

Maxine Barnett, Colfax, CA In memory of David Taylor

Ruth Bean, New Paltz, NY In memory of Jason Bean

Melissa Bender, Hall, MT In honor of Donald Walker

Patricia Blomquist, St. Louis Park, MN In memory of Mary Beth

Tim Bowden, Vanceburg, KY In memory of Terry D. Hendrickson

Alice Byrne, Franklin Park, IL In memory of Dan Lipsky

Dave Cardwell, Rock Hill, SC In honor of William A. Cardwell

Constance M. Cereola, Greenlawn, NY In honor of Dr. & Mrs. Doug Richards

Richard H. Cleva, Washington, D.C. In memory of Henry Cleva

Susan Cleva, Bellevue, WA In honor of Dr. Torrey

Gail Dembin, Egg Harbor Township, NJ In honor of Marlene Dembin

Pamela Eagan, Roselle, NJ In honor of Mary Zdanowicz

Karen Easter, Knoxville, TN In memory of Scott E. Easter

Edward J. Fazekas, San Jacinto, CA In memory of Jerry Dungan

Florence Fee, San Francisco, CA In memory of my twin brother,

James B. Fee

H. Dean & Sharron Fitzsimmons, Edmonds, WA In honor of Scott, Dave & Mike

Sheran Flippo, Palm Beach Gardens, FL In honor of Sandra Clark

& Jo Anne Birmingham

Jan E. Foster, Jacksonville, FL In memory of Chip Contella

Clare Francell, Dunwoody, GA In memory of Victoria Conn

The Freedman Law Group, Los Angeles, CA In honor of Ken Kress

Gail Freedman, Sherman Oaks, CA In honor of Ken Kress

Dr. Harold Friedman, Lake Worth, FL In honor of Joyce Friedman

Sue Gilbertson, Phoenix, AZ In memory of Eric Gilbertson

Nelson & Theresa Goguen, Ashby, MA In honor of newlyweds Guy & Diane

Maureen Goldstein, Overland Park, KS In memory of Sonny Soyza

Bob & Billie Gilfillan, Winston-Salem, NC In honor of E. Fuller Torrey, MD

Joyce Haverty, Carmel, IN In honor of Sarah Walker, a tireless

worker for NAMI-Indianapolis

Nancy Hayes, Iowa City, IA In honor of Ryan Hayes

John & Jacquelyn Herum, Ellensburg, WA In memory of Beth Skahill

Jennifer Hines, Mesa, AZ In memory of Helen Fenske

D.J. Jaffe, New York, NY In honor of Jon Stanley

Mark & Mary Jaqua, Sebastopol, CA In memory of Christian Baum, our son

(MAY 22 – November 30, 2008)

The Treatment Advocacy Center expresses our deepest appreciationto all who have supported TAC’s mission with a donation in memory

or in honor of someone very special to you.

We are also grateful to all those who support our efforts, but choose not tomake their donation public. Your names do not appear here, but the result of yourcontribution appears in everything the Treatment Advocacy Center does. Thank you.

Dale L. Johnson, Taos, NM In memory of Jay Johnson

Pamela Kazmaier, BA CPRP, Meza, AZ In memory of my nephew, Charlie Gaa

& in honor of Pam Musto

Gary & Helen Kress, Tarzana, CA In honor of the work of Kenneth Kress

Vernon & Muriel Layton, Petersburg, VA In memory of Linda Alsip

Fred E. Magenheimer, Long Beach, CA In honor of Jeffrey Magenheimer

Julie Mamani, Shalimar, FL In honor of David Mamani

Arnaud & Joan Michaud, Largo, FL In honor of Nancy Michaud

Bryce Miller, Topeka, KS In honor of Dr. Torrey

Karen Miller, East Aurora, NY In memory of Laura Beth Miller

Michele Moyer, Belmont, CA In honor of Frank & Angie Locurio

Keith R. Mundt, Riverside, CA In memory of Winifred Mundt,

M Thwin, Mattlattla, Ian Twemlow

Keith R. Mundt, Riverside, CA In honor of Winsome Mamode

& Keri Mundt

Charles E. Owens, Roxboro, NC In honor of Bobby Owens

Debra Orozco, Plentywood, MT In honor of Daniel G. Chervenka, Jr.

Doreen Parks, Oro Valley, AZ In honor of Matthew Parks

Norman & Barbara Petterson, In honor of TAC staff

Kirtland Hills, OH

Charles Pisano, Enola, PA In memory of Jean Pisano

Ram & Sheela Ratan, Redlands, CA In honor of Philip Ratan

George Richards, Jamesport, NY In honor of Gail E. Richards

Jeffrey & Michelle Richig, Englishtown, NJ In honor of Robert Napoli

Helen Ridalfi, Auburn, CA In memory of Shirley Neal

John Robinson, Sacramento, CA In memory of Brian Michael Robinson

Tom & Susan Rotello, Rockford, IL In honor of Help, Hope, Recovery

Deborah Russo, St. Charles, IL In memory of Alice Dalton

Zohrab Samani, Las Cruces, NM In honor of Autena Samani

Henry & Susan Schmitke, In memory of Frank DeRosa

Spruce Head, ME & Isabelle McSherry

Louise Schnur, Auburn, CA In memory of Teddy Jack Jones

Morton J. Schussheim, Washington, DC In memory of Hannah Schussheim

Dennis & Julaine Siegel, Burlington, IA In memory of Julaine’s late father,

Dale Totemeier

Deborah Sturm, Tucson, AZ In memory of Matthew Shoup

Victor & Linda Taggart, Seattle, WA In honor of Alicia Taggart

Olga Verbovaya, Norman, OK In honor of Gregory Rex

Marie Wackrow, Oak Park, IL In memory of Gerald Wackrow

Steve & Candy Watt, Richmond, VA In memory of Justin Myers

Miriam Wiener, Alexandria,VA In memory of Harvey Wiener

Kevin Wilkinson & Francine Levine, In memory of Joan Blay

Montpelier, VT

Joyce L. Wood, Auburn, CA In honor of Douglas Wood, my son

who is seriously mentally ill

and neglect of patients in psychiatrichospitals. Formerly known asProtection and Advocacy agencies,these programs annually receive $34million in federal taxpayer support.

In an interview with The WallStreet Journal, Bailey explained theactions of the Maine Disability RightsCenter in the Bruce case, “My job isto get the patient’s voice into the mixwhere decisions are made. No matterhow psychotic, that voice is still worthyof being heard.” According to Bailey,the self-destructive wishes of a delu-sional patient deserve as much consid-eration as professional medical opinionsand valid family concerns.

Protecting psychiatric patientsagainst abuse and neglect is a worthygoal. Preventing extremely sick patientslike William Bruce from receivingneeded treatment is not. To counterthe growing publicity fallout from theBruce case, the National DisabilitiesRights Network recently issued a setof talking points to its state affiliates.

Many feel these programs havefallen off track. In 1986, TreatmentAdvocacy Center founder Dr. E. FullerTorrey testified before Congress infavor of creating Disability Rights pro-grams. “These Disability Rights pro-grams were badly needed in 1986, andare still needed today,” says Dr. Torrey.“Unfortunately, these programs werekidnapped by misguided lawyers whobelieve that a patient’s right to remain

untreated should bedefended no matter howsick or dangerous thepatient may become.”

Other nationalexperts criticize the impactof radical anti-treatmentviews. Dr. Alan Stone,Harvard professor andmember of the TreatmentAdvocacy Center AdvisoryBoard, recently shared hisopinion with PsychiatricTimes, “When the lawyer isin doubt about his client’sactual wishes, he or she isadvised by ‘legal experts’ topursue the patient’s liberty-

autonomy interest and argue againsttreatment. The consequences aregreatest when there is no legal advo-cate on the other side to make theadversarial search for justice a reality.”In March 2006, William Bruce had noadvocate to argue the case for hisbadly needed treatment.

“The anti-treatment efforts ofthese Disability Rights programs areat odds with the original intent of thelaw and only serve to take advocatesaway from the important job theyshould be doing,” says Dr. Torrey. Incases involving true abuse and neglect,Disability Rights programs are some-times invisible. Last year The Atlanta-Journal Constitution reported that 115suspicious deaths had occurred inGeorgia’s state psychiatric hospitalsover a five year period. There is no offi-cial record that the Georgia DisabilityRights Center investigated these allega-tions of massive abuse and neglect.

Nobody regrets the misguidedpolicies of Disability Rights programsmore than William Bruce. Today, afterbeing found not guilty by reason ofinsanity, William Bruce is re-institu-tionalized at Riverview PsychiatricCenter on an indefinite basis. Withthe benefit of medication, his mentalstatus has greatly improved. “Theadvocates didn’t protect me frommyself. None of this would havehappened if I had been medicated,”says William Bruce.

If you are aware of specific attempts ofany Disability Rights groups to prevent neededtreatment for people with severe mentalillnesses, we invite you to share this informa-tion with the Treatment Advocacy Center.Our goal is to expose misguided policies sothat these taxpayer supported groups can,once again, focus on real cases of abuseand neglect. Please send your stories to:SaveLives@TreatmentAdvocacyCenter.org

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Bruce FamilyCONTINUED FROM PAGE 1

The Bruce familyin 2004

Amy and Joe Bruce with Willand Amy’s mother, Gladys.

5

JoshuaCONTINUED FROM PAGE 1

on Joshua’s pain and his obvious needfor treatment. As time passed, the ill-ness, symptoms, and torment grewworse. Joshua suffered in quiet agony.

Late one night, Joshua’s mentalanguish reached a point that even he,a strong young man of 24 years, couldnot bear. I was in bed reading besidemy husband Barry when I heardJoshua release a wail of agony sodeep it sent shivers down my spine.I jumped out of bed running towardJoshua’s room. Barry ran alongside,dialing 911 on a cordless phone.Within minutes, medical personnelarrived. Standing by my side, theysympathetically looked at Joshua.

The wounded, unfocused expres-sion in Joshua’s eyes stabbed my heart.He stood stiffly against his bedroomwall unable to move, catatonic, makingwhimpering noises of despair. Tearspooling in my eyes, I sent a pleadinglook for aid to the rescue workers.They looked back in helplessness andpity. They wanted to help Joshua, butcould not. He did not meet Virginia’scriteria. By state standards, Joshua stillwas not considered dangerous to any-one. It did not matter that Joshua washurting unbearably with a treatablecondition. It did not matter that hewas covered by my excellent healthinsurance. State law blocked the med-ical care my son desperately needed.

On that chillymorning of January 8,2006, after hours ofrelentless searching,Joshua was spotted afew feet inside thewoods. He lay in thesmall fort he had builtwith his two youngerbrothers when he wasnine years old. Sittingbeside him was an oldrusted Tonka truck he’dreceived for Christmasyears earlier.

The illness hadfinally brought Joshua tohis knees. He had reachedthe stage where he couldendure no more. Joshuawas lifeless. Alone in thewoods near the homewhere he grew up, Joshuadied by his own hand.His head now lay — notsoft in sleep — but tilted at an oddangle against the base of the tree thatsupported the well-weathered fort.Joshua finally met Virginia’s criteriafor receiving medical care — but itwas too late, all hope was lost.

State laws prevented treatment,allowed the painful progression ofschizophrenia, and forced me to standby and helplessly watch Joshua’s ill-

ness take the ultimate toll. I am nowforced to live each day knowing Joshuais gone forever.

I now have a new mission in life.I advocate for changes in America’sfailing mental health system —changes that will prevent needlesssuffering and deaths like that of myson. I could not save my own belovedson, but I fight to spare other mothersand fathers from this agonizing expe-rience. I work to fix a broken systemso that people with mental illnessescan receive the timely treatment theyneed. I advocate because I know thatJoshua, with his kind, warm heart,would want me to do all I can toopen doors for people like him togain access to medical care.

I cannot bring my son back,but I can pray — prayers are eternal.To everyone reading my story, pleasepray for Joshua, my family, and all ofthe policymakers whose eyes need tobe opened so that positive change canbe made to America’s failing mentalhealth system before more preciouslives are lost.

Kathy Harkey, Virginia

Tears pooling in my eyes, I sent a pleading lookfor aid to the rescue workers. They looked backin helplessness and pity. They wanted to helpJoshua, but could not. He did not meet Virginia’scriteria. By state standards, Joshua still wasnot considered dangerous to anyone. It did notmatter that Joshua was hurting unbearably witha treatable condition. It did not matter that hewas covered by my excellent health insurance.State law blocked the medical care my sondesperately needed.

Joshua Harkey

Catalyst is pleased to interview CarlaJacobs, a founding and current memberof the Treatment Advocacy Center’sBoard of Directors and co-coordinatorof the California Treatment AdvocacyCoalition (CTAC).

Q. CARLA, YOU HAVE WORKED HARD TO HELP ESTABLISH

BETTER TREATMENT LAWS IN CALIFORNIA AND THE REST OF

THE COUNTRY FOR MANY YEARS. IN ADDITION TO YOUR WORK

WITH THE TREATMENT ADVOCACY CENTER AND CTAC, YOU

HAVE SERVED AS MENTAL HEALTH COMMISSIONER FOR LOS

ANGELES COUNTY, ON THE BOARD OF NAMI, PARTICIPATED ON

VARIOUS TASK FORCES AND COMMITTEES, AND YOU’VE

TESTIFIED BEFORE CONGRESS. WHAT LED YOU TO BECOME

SUCH A STALWART ADVOCATE FOR THIS CAUSE?

My husband, Brian, and I both have siblings withmental illness. Because of discriminatory treatment lawsregarding mental illness, all of them have suffered greatly,died or been lost. In California, to help a person who doesnot recognize they are ill, that person has to become dan-gerous to themselves or others. Most people with mentalillness are not dangerous. Sometimes, however, they arevery, very ill. My only brother never was dangerous. He justnever realized that he was ill. He therefore saw no reasonto seek treatment nor was he ever given assisted treatment.He was left to follow his delusions wherever they may havedriven him. He has been missing for nearly 15 years. Myhusband’s sister was also not considered to be dangerous.Until, that is, she killed her mother. That tragedy would nothave occurred had she qualified for hospitalization beforeshe committed homicide. Waiting for danger is just too late.

I became an advocate because I could not stomachthe idea that this malignant neglect of people who sufferfrom neurobiological brain disorders could go on intofuture generations.

Q. AS CO-COORDINATOR

OF CTAC, YOU GUIDED THE

SUCCESSFUL GRASSROOTS

CAMPAIGN FOR THE PASSAGE

OF “LAURA’S LAW” IN 2002,

BRINGING ASSISTED

OUTPATIENT TREATMENT TO

YOUR STATE. WHAT DID YOU

HOPE FOR WHEN THE BILL

WAS SIGNED INTO LAW?

Laura’s Law — AssistedOutpatient Treatment —represents one-step forwardtoward helping people withmental illness who sufferanosognosia to get well andstay well rather than being

warehoused in homelessness or jails. It provides evidence-based Assertive Community Treatment for the person in hisor her own community. I see assisted outpatient treatmentas a step toward a right to treatment. Not only is the indi-vidual committed to receive treatment, but the mentalhealth system is committed to providing that person thetreatment that they need. There is a constitutional right totreatment in jails and prisons. Assisted outpatient treat-ment represents a similar right in the community.

Q. HOW DO YOU VIEW THIS LAW NOW, SIX YEARS LATER?

California’s implementation of Laura’s Law wasslowed because of entrenched ideas that emphasized legaldistinctions between people who could accept treatmentvoluntarily versus those who were too ill to accept it. Thisold-school ideology that a person must “want help” hasbeen firmly entrenched in mental health funding silos.“Stakeholders” within the mental health industry will fightlike cats and dogs to protect and increase their particularsilo. As a result of this greed, no specific money wasattached to Laura’s Law and an amendment to it requiresthat each county Board of Supervisors pass a resolutionthat no voluntary program would be reduced in order toimplement an Assisted Outpatient Treatment Program.Unless there is new money attached, there is little motiva-tion for the mental health industry to consider more costeffective ways of doing business even if more individualscould be helped overall. In 2004, new money was infused

6

Carla Jacobs

7

into the system when California’s voters passed Proposition63, placing an additional one percent income tax onCalifornians who earned more than $1 million a year tospecifically fund mental health treatment. This moneymust be used in a nondiscriminatory manner regardless ofthe individual’s legal status. With this new funding source,more counties are considering implementing or expandingLaura’s Law programs. Creative mental health directors rec-ognize that Laura’s Law places a level of accountability ontheir program providers. No longer would a program directorbe able to say, “But, he didn’t want our help” to relieve them-selves of accountability for a tragedy. Assisted outpatienttreatment is also being recognized as a more cost effectivemethod of providing mental health treatment than recyclingmentally ill individuals through hospitals or jails.

Q. HOW DO YOU DEAL WITH THE CRITICISM THAT CONFRONTS

SO MANY WHO WORK FOR ASSISTED OUTPATIENT TREATMENT

LAWS, AND WHAT KEEPS YOU FIGHTING DESPITE OPPOSITION

AND SETBACKS?

As more people understand that mental illness is amedical disorder that sometimes precludes an individualfrom having the medical capacity to make informed deci-sions, fewer people are seeing treatment as an abridgementof someone’s civil rights. More people recognize that a per-son should have the right to be well, freed from psychosisand enjoy a quality of life that is not found on the streets or

in prison. Being the sister of a man who lost his freedom asa result of his involuntary illness, I’ve always recognizedthat this right to treatment is self-evident. The reason welive in society is to help and protect each other. It’s morethan time to help and protect people with mental illness.

Q. YOU HAVE BEEN VERY OPEN ABOUT CERTAIN MEMBERS OF

YOUR FAMILY WHO SUFFER WITH SEVERE MENTAL ILLNESS. YOU

EVEN APPEARED IN A WIDELY-CIRCULATED INTERNET VIDEO,

DESCRIBING WHAT HAPPENED TO YOUR SISTER-IN-LAW WHO

SUFFERS FROM SCHIZOPHRENIA. DOES YOUR FAMILY SUPPORT

SUCH OPENNESS ON YOUR PART, AND WHAT INFLUENCE HAVE

THEY HAD ON YOUR WORK AS AN ADVOCATE?

There is no shame in having a mental illness or beinga relative of a person with mental illness. Therefore, thereis no reason to be anything but open about it. I am especial-ly respectful of something my sister-in-law told me whenshe talked about the work we are doing to reform the invol-untary treatment laws. She said she wished that the lawshad been changed before our family tragedy occurred. Thecurrent laws did nothing to protect her civil rights. Instead,these laws caused us to lose her mother and her to spendmuch of her life in locked institutions.

THANK YOU, CARLA. YOUR DEDICATION TO THE TREATMENT

ADVOCACY CENTER AND ALL THE WORK YOU DO FOR PEOPLE

WITH SEVERE MENTAL ILLNESS IS GREATLY APPRECIATED.

Stanley Medical Research Institute UpdateBy E. Fuller Torrey, M.D.

Stanley Medical Research Institute continues to focus its research efforts onthree areas: treatment trials; research on infectious agents as a possible cause ofschizophrenia and bipolar disorder; and research on brain tissue collected anddistributed by the Stanley Laboratory of Brain Research.

A recent example of a successful treatment trial was the use of estrogen asan add-on treatment for women with schizophrenia. With SMRI support, Dr.Jayashri Kulkarni and her colleagues in Melbourne, Australia, treated 100 womenwith schizophrenia, half receiving estrogen and the other half placebo. The reduc-tion in symptoms for the women receiving estrogen was impressive; this studywas recently published in the Archives of General Psychiatry, the most presti-gious psychiatric journal. SMRI is now funding a follow-up study with Dr. Kulkarniin which 375 women are being randomized to estrogen or placebo; the study isabout one-quarter complete.

SMRI is about to begin another large treatment trial using Mirtazapine, anantidepressant that is now generic, to treat schizophrenia. Three small studies allsuggested that it may be useful as an add-on drug, especially for the negativesymptoms that respond poorly to traditional antipsychotics. This trial will be car-ried out at centers in England, Finland, Israel, and China, and will involve severalhundred patients.

Dr. Torrey continues to serves as Executive Director of SMRI where he oversees groundbreaking researchon the causes of, and treatment for, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

A recent exampleof a successfultreatment trialwas the use ofestrogen as anadd-on treatmentfor women withschizophrenia.

California The time to break the stalemate has

arrived. A Laura’s Law Now campaign isbeing launched in California. The goal of

this major new effort is to bring Laura’s Lawto each of California’s 58 counties.

“Six years have passed since Laura’s Law was enacted,and county-by-county implementation is long overdue,”says Carla Jacobs, a longtime advocate for mental healthlaw reform in California.

Laura’s Law passed in 2002. The state left it up to eachcounty to put the law in place and to avoid future tragedieslike the untimely death of Laura Wilcox. Laura’s Law willput in place assisted outpatient treatment, an extremelyeffective tool that allows for the sickest of persons withsevere mental illness to get help before it’s too late.

Assisted outpatient treatment helps end the revolvingdoor of repeated hospitalizations, homelessness, and jailingsthat many people with untreated severe mental illness expe-rience. With the use of court-ordered treatment plans, peoplewho meet strict eligibility criteria are required to abide bytheir treatment plans to remain in the community. Assistedoutpatient treatment programs used in other states, like NewYork, have proven to substantially reduce the negative conse-quences of untreated severe mental illness.

Since 2002, only Nevada and Los Angeles countieshave put assisted outpatient treatment programs in place inCalifornia. Los Angeles utilizes outpatient treatment on a lim-ited basis to offer community-based treatment for personscharged with misdemeanors. Nevada County recently put intoplace a complete assisted outpatient treatment program.

Some counties resist such programs because Laura’s Lawwas passed without new moneyattached. “It is ironic and sad thatcounties fail to invest in programs thatsave lives and greatly reduce the finan-cial burden arising from untreatedmental illness,” says Jacobs.

Nevada County has proven thatimplementation of assisted outpa-tient treatment can work with funds

from California’s Mental Health Services Act, also knownas Proposition 63. That 2004 law imposes a one-percentsurtax on millionaires to support mental health services.Opponents of assisted outpatient treatment have argued,without proper basis, that Proposition 63 funds can onlybe used to support voluntary mental health services.

Nineteen-year-old Laura Wilcox and two other NevadaCounty residents were killed in 2001 by Scott Thorpe, a manwith untreated schizophrenia. If assisted outpatient treat-ment had been available for Scott Thorpe, this tragedymight have been averted. Since 2002, Nick and AmandaWilcox, Laura’s parents, have joined many other advocatesin California urging the passage of Laura’s Law across thestate. “The time for excuses has expired. We continue ourefforts in Laura’s memory, because Laura would expectnothing less,” says Nick Wilcox.

Laura’s Law Now will initially target selected countiesincluding Orange County, San Francisco County, SacramentoCounty, El Dorado County, Contra Costa County, andButte County.

Local advocates in California are carefully planningand preparing to launch a wide range of efforts to advanceLaura’s Law Now. Intensified public awareness will help per-suade key policy makers of the urgent need for implement-ing Laura’s Law in their counties.

A very generous donor has already pledged a $50,000matching gift to the Treatment Advocacy Center to supportLaura’s Law Now. Supporters in California and across thenation are encouraged to donate to this critical effort.Because of the matching grant, the impact of each donationwill be doubled, up to $100,000.

Those interested in supporting Laura’s Law Nowwith financial contributions, or by becoming directly

involved in this effort, can do soby visiting the California page onthe Treatment Advocacy Center’snewly upgraded website:

8

“Six years have passedsince Laura’s Law wasenacted, and county-by-county implementationis well overdue.”

— Carla Jacobs

www.TreatmentAdvocacyCenter.org.

9

Pennsylvania When Cassandra “Sandy” Morgan

was arrested for shoplifting in DelawareCounty, she suffered from the delusion

that she owned Wal-Mart. Morgan sufferedfrom schizophrenia. As reported by The

Philadelphia Inquirer, six weeks later, Morgan died in jailafter lapsing into a coma on the floor of her cell.

A wrongful death action was brought against thepsychiatrist who released Morgan from the Crozer-ChesterMedical Center while she still heard voices in her head.This release occurred just a few days before her arrest.The lawsuit also named jail officials who allegedly ignoredMorgan’s medical and psychiatric needs while she wasin jail. The lawsuit was settled with undisclosed termsin October 2008.

Dr. Paneque, a psychiatrist associated with the jail,testified that Morgan told him of her psychiatric history butrefused to take her psychiatric medication, according to theDelaware County Daily Times. “I cannot force medicationagainst their will unless there is imminent danger to her-self or others,” said Paneque. He further testified that, in hisopinion, Morgan did not appear to be a danger to anyone.

In many states, assisted outpatient treatment pro-grams are used to provide for court-ordered treatment forpersons with severe mental illness who are released into thecommunity. These programs have proven to help prevent thefrequency of hospitalizations and incarcerations experiencedby people suffering from illnesses like schizophrenia.

Pennsylvania has an assisted outpatient treatmentlaw on its books. This law, however, allows for assisted out-patient treatment to be ordered only when a patient isfound to be a “clear and present” danger to self or others.Such orders are rarely issued since patients who present a“clear and present” danger as defined under currentPennsylvania law are seldom deemed suitable for releaseinto the community. State Senator Stewart Greenleaf ofPennsylvania’s 12th District has attempted to pass a newlaw to bring assisted outpatient treatment reform toPennsylvania. If enacted, such a bill will allow court-ordered treatment plans to be issued for people with severemental illness who are living in the community and whoare likely to deteriorate to a state of dangerousness.

In October, NAMI-PA sponsored a panel discussion,with a speaker from the Treatment Advocacy Center, toexplore the benefits of bringing a new assisted outpatientlaw to Pennsylvania.

Nevada Sherri Love says she doesn’t

remember. In August, Love was sentencedto prison for 56 years to life for stabbing

two of her children inside their Las Vegashome. Her seven-year-old daughter, Arabella,

died in the attack. Her son, Brian, got away.The local television station KVBC.com reported that at

her sentencing, Love described with great remorse how sheloved her children and the anguish she felt at the loss ofArabella. Her defense attorney read a statement blamingthe attack on Love’s severe mental illness. According toher mother, Love suffers from bi-polar disorder.

Studies show that a disproportionate number of homi-cides in America are committed by people who are sufferingfrom untreated severe mental illness. People with untreatedsevere mental illness make up less than two percent of thegeneral population, but account for somewhere between fiveand ten percent of all homicides in the United States.

In instances in which homicides occur among familymembers, the percentage is even higher. When children arekilled by a parent, 15.8 percent of defendants have a historyof untreated mental illness.

On the other hand, studies confirm that people withtreated severe mental illnesses are no more dangerous thanthe rest of the general population.Therefore, one may concludethat at least some of these tragic homicides could be preventedwith the availability of more timely and effective treatment.

Nevada is one of eight states that still does notallow for assisted outpatient treatment. If you would liketo learn more about how you and others may help bringassisted outpatient treatment to Nevada, visitwww.TreatmentAdvocacyCenter.org.

Studies show that a disproportionatenumber of homicides in Americaare committed by people who aresuffering from untreated severemental illness. People withuntreated severe mental illnessmake up less than two percentof the general population, butaccount for somewhere betweenfive and ten percent of all homicidesin the United States.

10

Arkansas Representative David Johnson from

Little Rock listened to mental healthexperts in his district. They told him that

Arkansas’ “clear and present” dangerthreshold for involuntary treatment was sim-

ply too strict.Last year, Johnson introduced House Bill 2681 to clari-

fy the definition of “clear and present” danger. This billincluded criteria similar to the criteria for assisted outpa-tient treatment under Kendra’s Law in New York.

“Mental health experts in Arkansas and I had becomefrustrated by the law’s limitations. We were determined todo more than we had in the past,” says Johnson. “Last year,we pursued legislation that offered greater flexibility forpeople in need of mental health services.”

This new law became effective in December 2007,making Arkansas one of 19 states that have adoptedimproved treatment standards over the past decade. Thislaw allows for assisted treatment when a person with asevere mental illness has an impaired understanding ofcondition, needs treatment to prevent harmful deteriora-tion, and has a history of noncompliance.

Washington “I kill for God. I listen to God,” 28-

year-old Isaac Zamora told a judge at hiscourt hearing on September 5, 2008, after

being arrested for shooting and killing sixpeople, and wounding four others in Skagit

County, Washington.Zamora, suffering from severe mental illness, was kept

from the treatment his family had desperately sought —treatment that might have prevented this devastatingevent. Washington law stood in the way. Washington is oneof a handful of states that prevents family members frompetitioning directly for assisted treatment for a loved onewho is struggling with severe mental illness.

The Zamoras are far from being the onlyWashingtonians affected by treatment laws surroundingmental illness. Liz Browning, mother of a young man suf-fering from schizophrenia, knows all too well the barriers togetting help for a loved one with a mental illness. Liz andher mentally ill son, Marc, visited several mental hospitalsto find help. However, Marc and Liz were repeatedly turnedaway during their hospital visits, being told that Marc wasnot ill enough to warrant treatment. “You almost hope theyare really, really bad,” Browning told the Seattle PostIntelligencer. “And that’s just so wrong.”

Dr. Peter Roy-Byrne is the chief of psychiatry atHarborview: one of the hospitals the Brownings visited ontheir quest for Marc’s treatment. Dr. Roy-Byrne feels thatthe hospitalization of a mentally ill person has made atransformation, turning from a medically based judgmentinto a legal decision. “It’s like if someone came into the ERwith chest pain or cardiac arrhythmia, and we had to tellthem, until they have a heart attack or need a heart trans-plant, we can’t do anything,” the doctor said to the paperof the state’s restrictive mental illness treatment standards.

Hopefully, the type of obstacles to accessing treatmentthat plagued the Brownings and the Zamoras are not set instone. Due to the magnitude of the situation, WashingtonGovernor Christine Gregoire ordered a review of Zamora’scase overseen by the head of the Washington Association ofSheriffs and Police Chiefs, as well as a prosecutor from theWashington Association of Prosecuting Attorneys. TheTreatment Advocacy Center sent a letter to GovernorGregoire asking her to use this opportunity to reviewWashington’s current procedures that prevent families frompetitioning for assisted treatment.

Washington law stood in the way ofthe Zamora family’s ability to get Isaacthe treatment he so clearly needed,and the consequences were disastrous.Washington is one of a handful ofstates that prevent family membersfrom petitioning directly for assistedtreatment for a loved one who isstruggling with severe mental illness.

New York On a September afternoon, Iman

Morales stood naked on a Brooklyn build-ing ledge as police attempted to coax him

down. Morales was emotionally disturbed,and according to his mother, had threatened

to kill himself. According to the New York Post, whenMorales jabbed at a police officer with an eight foot longfluorescent tube, an order was given to shoot him witha taser gun. Morales fell ten feet suffering fatal injuriesas he landed on his head.

Michael Piggott, the police lieutenant who ordered useof the taser gun, was cited for violating police regulations.A memorandum issued to New York City police officers inJune directed that police not use taser guns in situationswhen a subject could fall from an elevated surface. The NewYork Times reported that eight days after the death of ImamMorales, Lieutenant Piggott took his own life.

In an era when timely and effective treatment is oftenunavailable for people with severe mental illnesses, policeofficers are increasingly called to be front line responders.There are also many cases where individuals with mentalillnesses provoke police into killing them. This is now com-monly called “suicide by cop.”

This problem exists all across the U.S. A Californiastudy examined more than 430 shootings by Los AngelesCounty deputies between 1987 and 1997 and found thatincidents determined to be suicide by cop accounted for 11percent of all police shootings and 13 percent of all fatalshootings. The study found that suspects involved in suchcases intended to commit suicide, specifically wanted to beshot by police, possessed or appeared to possess a lethalweapon, and intentionally escalated the encounter, provok-ing law enforcement officers into shooting them.

Whether the Morales incident actually involved a“suicide by cop” situation may never be known. What isclear is that this tragic situation produced the suicide ofa police officer who served on the New York Police forcefor more than 21 years.

New JerseyMichael Fuccile was waiting for his

train to work on September 4, 2008, at theLiberty State Park light rail station when

26-year-old Elgin Louis Taylor, Jr., who hadbeen diagnosed with schizophrenia since age

16, stabbed and killed him.The murder was a surprise. Taylor’s illness and lack of

treatment were not. “I’ve been fighting the system for yearsto get the Power of Attorney to make him go to the hospitaland make them keep him until he’s well,” his distraughtfather told The Jersey Journel.

This tragedy might have been prevented. In 2006, theNew Jersey Senate unanimously passed a bill that wouldhave brought assisted outpatient treatment to the GardenState. Unfortunately, the bill didn’t move out of theAssembly and onto the Governor’s desk.

That bill was passed after 11-year-old GregoryKatsnelson who, like Fuccile, was killed by someone with asevere mental illness who refused treatment. Gregorywould have turned 17 this year.

New Jersey has strong leaders, including SenatePresident Richard J. Codey, who are pushing for a newmeasure that will finally provide for assisted outpatienttreatment. Now is the time to make the final push so NewJersey can join the forty-two states which have an assistedoutpatient treatment law.

New Jersey has strongleaders, including SenatePresident Richard J. Codey,who are pushing for a newmeasure that will finallyprovide for assistedoutpatient treatment.

Whether the Morales incident actuallyinvolved a “suicide by cop” situationmay never be known. What is clear isthat this tragic situation produced thesuicide of a police officer who servedon the New York Police force for morethan 21 years. 11

FloridaThis fall, a Miami-Dade County

Grand Jury issued a report calling for broadreforms in the way the state treats people

with severe mental illnesses. The Grand Jurywas called to examine Florida’s mental health

system with the aim of preventing a repeat of what happenedat the campus of Virginia Tech on April, 16, 2007.

The Grand Jury found that Florida laws, similar toVirginia and other states’ laws, have too strict a standard toget someone with a mental illness needed care. The currentsystem doesn’t allow for help to be given until there is seri-ous bodily harm or the threat of substantial harm to theindividual. The Grand Jury wants to avoid such crises.

The results “are akin to having a forest ranger postedin a forest to watch for fires. However, the law says theranger cannot call the firefighters at the first sign of smoke,”the Grand Jury report states. “Of course, by the time he isable to confirm that a fire is in fact blazing, significantdamage has already been done.”

The Grand Jury wants the system changed so thattreatment is provided, “at the first wisp of smoke.” TheGrand Jury specifically recommended that Florida adoptappropriate portions of the Treatment Advocacy Center’sModel Law on Assisted Treatment, including its more pro-gressive treatment standard.

“The Treatment Advocacy Center Model Law shouldform the framework for changes to Florida’s involuntaryinpatient and outpatient treatment laws. Making thesechanges will surely cause a shift in the way we have dealtwith the mentally ill for years,” the Grand Jury found.

The Grand Jury recognized that the state took a firststep by adopting an assisted outpatient treatment law(called “involuntary outpatient placement” in the statestatute) a few years ago, but that there was a need forincreased implementation. They pointed favorably to thepilot assisted outpatient treatment program in SeminoleCounty that was created by the Seminole CommunityMental Health Center with assistance from the TreatmentAdvocacy Center. “We found a beacon of light in SeminoleCounty. Since Florida passed its first outpatient treatmentlaw in 2004, about half of the orders issued have been inSeminole County,” the Grand Jury reported.

New MexicoLong-time mental health advocate,

Senator Pete V. Domenici is retiring thisyear after serving six terms in the United

States Senate.Sen. Domenici played a critical role in

seeking to bring assisted outpatient treatment to his ownstate. He also played a key role in obtaining the recent pas-sage of the parity bill. This bill was initially authored bySen. Domenici and the late Sen. Paul Wellstone. It is esti-mated that the new parity law will improve mental healthinsurance coverage for an estimated 113 million Americans.

In 2007, the Treatment Advocacy Center adopted aspecial resolution honoring Sen. Domenici for his outstand-ing efforts. Sen. Domenici also serves on the Advisory Boardof the Treatment Advocacy Center.

Despite the valiant efforts of Sen. Domenici, MayorMartin Chavez, Representative Joni Gutierrez, and manyother advocates, New Mexico remains one of eight stateswithout assisted outpatient treatment.

“[W]e found a beacon of light inSeminole County. Since Florida passedits first outpatient treatment law in2004, about half of the orders issuedhave been in Seminole County.”

— Miami Dade County Grand Jury

Evolving “Need For Treatment” StandardsMany states wisely abandon dangerousness as the solecriteria for allowing assisted treatment. These statesincorporate broader criteria or combinations of criteriainto their laws that allow medical intervention when aneed for treatment is demonstrated. Some of theserelevant statutory criteria are listed below:

• Probability of deteriorating symptomsthat will result in dangerousness.

• Incapacity to make an informedtreatment decision.

• Likely to benefit from treatment.

• History of a need for treatment.

• Exhibiting symptoms that previouslyresulted in the need for treatment.

• Needs treatment to prevent deteriorationof symptoms.

Today, about half of all states include some meaningfulneed for treatment standard. The status of the treatmentstandards in your state may be found by viewing thesummaries of state laws included on the U.S. Overviewsection of the Treatment Advocacy Center website:www.TreatmentAdvocacyCenter.org.

New Website Engages Supporterswhere else,” said Margaret Gardner, aNAMI board member from Austin,Texas. “Now all the resources are evenmore accessible.”

The new website is also accom-panied by a new set of eNews andother action alerts to keep supportersbetter informed on activities acrossthe country, as well as having the abili-

The Treatment Advocacy Centerlaunched a new website designed toengage supporters to take direct actionat the national, state, and local level.

The recently updated website,www.TreatmentAdvocacyCenter.org, uti-lizes the newest technology to allowsupporters to directly reach electedofficials, newspaper editors, and otherkey audiences to help bring aboutmore timely and effective treatmentlaws for people with mental illnesses.

“The website puts the TreatmentAdvocacy Center on the leadingedge of promoting change,” saidCommunications Director PaulDelPonte. “It is a tool built for advo-cates and is designed to provide abetter two-way flow of informationand action steps people can take tomake a real difference.”

The website represents the firstmajor redesign for the TreatmentAdvocacy Center since it was created10 years ago. The new website con-tains a full resource library of uniqueinformation on treatment laws in all50 states and key information onsevere mental illnesses, often difficultto find in other places.

Feedback has been very strong.“The Treatment Advocacy Center web-site has always been a wonderfulsource of information not found any-

13

ty to target action campaigns to specif-ic states. Emails and other actionalerts will drive traffic to the websitewhere supporters can directly emailtheir elected officials on specific legis-lation and other educational items.

The new website was made pos-sible in part by a generous grant fromthe Bowman Family Foundation.

The new website contains afull resource library of uniqueinformation on treatmentlaws in all 50 states and keyinformation on severe mentalillnesses, often difficult to findin other places.

14

Building a CARE Kiteing well prepared to address acrisis for a loved one sufferingwith severe mental illness is

important. One step you can take isto build a CARE Kit (Critical AdvocacyResources for Emergency) that con-tains a ready file of materials that canbe shared with treatment profession-als and others. These materials maybe assembled in a three-ring binder, afile box, or other easily-transportablestorage system.

Psychiatric history summary.A one-page summary of your lovedone’s psychiatric history can be veryuseful for professionals who may nothave time to review a complete setof medical records. Keep at least fivecopies of this important document inyour CARE kit, so it can be easily andquickly shared with more than oneperson in a short span of time. Keepit current (update it regularly) andshort (one page is best) but be sure itcontains the most critical information,including the following:

• Full name

• Current age

• Psychiatric diagnosis

• Age at diagnosis

• Town or city of residence

• Current symptoms and con-cerns (suicidal, homeless,missing, vulnerable, violent,abusing substances, other)

• Psychiatrist’s name and number

• Local service provider’s nameand provider

• Dates of previous hospitaliza-tions and locations

• Dates of previous arrestsor jailings and charge(s)

• Current medication name(s)

• Past medication(s) thathave helped

• Past medication(s) thathave not helped

• Past history of symptomaticbehaviors (e.g., running uphuge debt, getting into caraccidents, threatening familymembers, failing to care forbasic needs)

• Full name, contact numbers,and address for emergencycontact person

B

Recent picture and description.Keep a recent picture of your lovedone, a list of vital statistics (such asheight, age, weight, hair color), andany pertinent physical medical condi-tions (such as allergies or diabetes).Ideally, keep these in a format thatallows them to be easily faxed or e-mailed to police and mental healthagencies. Leave space to add a descrip-tion of clothing last worn in case thatinformation is needed.

List of emergency numbers.Create, and periodically update, a com-prehensive list of emergency numbers,including: (1) Psychiatrist; (2) Case man-ager; (3) ACT/PACT team; (4) Communitymental health center; (5) Mobile crisisteam; (6) Crisis intervention team (CIT);(7) Police department; (8) Local hospital;(9) Local emergency room; (10) Courtfor civil commitment; (11) Mentalhealth court; (12) Homeless shelter(s);(13) Friends of family member. Also,keep numbers handy for the suicideprevent hotline (1-800-SUICIDE) andyour local NAMI chapter.

Copies of important criteria.Print out a copy of your state’s criteriafor emergency evaluations and for civilcommitments (as mentioned in the“research” section). That way if anyonealong the way contradicts or misun-derstands the law, you have a copyof it in hand.

Petition forms. Get blank copiesof involuntary commitment forms ifyour state permits this. Complete anynonincident-related informationahead of time. You may never have touse them, but at least you will havethem ready.

Medical release (if applicable).If possible, have your loved one signa release that allows you access tohis or her medical information. If youhave such a document, keep a copyin your CARE kit.

This information was initially published inCatalyst, Special Edition: Family Advocates(2005)

A one-page summary of your loved one’s psychiatrichistory can be very useful for professionals whomay not have time to review a complete set ofmedical records. Keep at least five copies of thisimportant document in your CARE kit, so it can beeasily and quickly shared with more than oneperson in a short span of time.

15

(September 8 – November 30, 2008)We are very grateful for your generous donations to the Torrey Action Fund. These gifts greatly honor our

founder, Dr. E. Fuller Torrey, and allow the Treatment Advocacy Center to continue his vision for eliminatingbarriers to the treatment of severe mental illness. Your special gifts to the Torrey Action Fund have beenmatched by individual donations from the members of the Treatment Advocacy Center Board of Directors.

Ray & Judy Albert, Bonita Springs, FL

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