mitochondria and chloroplasts structure and function - a review
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: MITOCHONDRIA AND CHLOROPLASTS Structure and function - a review](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081502/56649cb25503460f94977833/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
MITOCHONDRIA AND CHLOROPLASTS
Structure and function - a review
![Page 2: MITOCHONDRIA AND CHLOROPLASTS Structure and function - a review](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081502/56649cb25503460f94977833/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The Exam Question“Contrast and compare mitochondria and chloroplasts – structure and function. “
Do you know what it means?
• What is the function of a mitochondrion?
• What is the function of a chloroplast?
• How are they similar? How are they different?
![Page 3: MITOCHONDRIA AND CHLOROPLASTS Structure and function - a review](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081502/56649cb25503460f94977833/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Energy Conversion
• Mitochondria convert the chemical energy of reduced carbon compounds into ATP.
• Chloroplasts convert light energy to the energy of reduced carbon compounds
• Fundamental to both processes is an electron transport chain, where energy is passed from compound to compound in coupled oxidation:reduction reactions
![Page 4: MITOCHONDRIA AND CHLOROPLASTS Structure and function - a review](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081502/56649cb25503460f94977833/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Mitochondria2 membranesOuter Membrane - has
large aqueous channels made of a protein called porin - permeable to most small molecules
Inner Membrane - impermeable to ions and small molecules except by specific membrane-transport proteins
![Page 5: MITOCHONDRIA AND CHLOROPLASTS Structure and function - a review](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081502/56649cb25503460f94977833/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Mitochondria
2 compartments• MATRIX - enzymes -TCA
cycle, DNA - several copies, ribosomes, tRNA, etc
• INTERMEMBRANE SPACE
Inner Membrane is folded into cristae,that greatly increase its surface area. This is where you find the Electron Transport Chain (ETC), ATP synthase, transport proteins to allow substances in to matrix
Fig 1-11
![Page 6: MITOCHONDRIA AND CHLOROPLASTS Structure and function - a review](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081502/56649cb25503460f94977833/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Mitochondrial StructureHow many compartments
do mitochondria have?
Which letter corresponds to:
• the matrix? • a crista?• the intermembrane
space?• the outer membrane?• the inner membrane?
Where would you find the DNA? the ribosomes?
C
E
B
A
D
![Page 7: MITOCHONDRIA AND CHLOROPLASTS Structure and function - a review](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081502/56649cb25503460f94977833/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
• The ETC is found on the inner membrane
• High energy electrons are passed along the ETC generating a proton gradient across the inner membrane
• H+ gradient drives ATP synthesis
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN:
![Page 8: MITOCHONDRIA AND CHLOROPLASTS Structure and function - a review](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081502/56649cb25503460f94977833/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Mitochondria have 2 membranesChloroplasts have 3 membranes
There are 3 compartments…what are they?
![Page 9: MITOCHONDRIA AND CHLOROPLASTS Structure and function - a review](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081502/56649cb25503460f94977833/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Chloroplast Thylakoid membrane –
proteins of ETC, ATP synthase
• Inner membrane – membrane transport protein for Rubisco
• Outer membrane - porin
• Stroma – enzymes for Calvin Cycle, chloroplast DNA.
![Page 10: MITOCHONDRIA AND CHLOROPLASTS Structure and function - a review](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081502/56649cb25503460f94977833/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Chloroplasts
![Page 11: MITOCHONDRIA AND CHLOROPLASTS Structure and function - a review](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081502/56649cb25503460f94977833/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Plant Cell
Fig 13-26
![Page 12: MITOCHONDRIA AND CHLOROPLASTS Structure and function - a review](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081502/56649cb25503460f94977833/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Chloroplasts vs Mitochondria
![Page 13: MITOCHONDRIA AND CHLOROPLASTS Structure and function - a review](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081502/56649cb25503460f94977833/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
These are mitochondria
![Page 14: MITOCHONDRIA AND CHLOROPLASTS Structure and function - a review](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081502/56649cb25503460f94977833/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
So are these
![Page 15: MITOCHONDRIA AND CHLOROPLASTS Structure and function - a review](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081502/56649cb25503460f94977833/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Chloroplasts have different forms too
Thylakoids
Mitochondria
![Page 16: MITOCHONDRIA AND CHLOROPLASTS Structure and function - a review](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081502/56649cb25503460f94977833/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
But their structure and function remain linked
Think of 3 similarities between mitochondria and chloroplasts.
Think of 3 ways they are different
![Page 17: MITOCHONDRIA AND CHLOROPLASTS Structure and function - a review](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081502/56649cb25503460f94977833/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
NEXT TUTORIAL:• Vesicle Trafficking
• Models of Golgi function
• Receptor-mediated endocytosis
ESSAYS DUE TUESDAY:
Turnitin.com (password = Bi200s)