mixtures and solutions - ms. miron · recall: mixtures each part of a mixture is called a phase....
TRANSCRIPT
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Mixtures and Solutions Part 1: Mixtures
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Everything in the universe is made of matter.
Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms.
All the matter around us is classified in two major
groups…
What Is Matter?
Matter is anything that has mass and volume.
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Matter
Made of only ONE kind of atom or
molecule.
Made of only TWO or MORE kinds of
atoms or molecules.
Mixtures Pure Substances
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Pure substances are the same throughout.
Pure Substances
The composition doesn’t change, no matter what part of the substance you look at!
Same composition
Same composition
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Mixtures are not the same throughout.
Mixtures
The composition of mixtures changes, depending on what part you look at!
Different composition
Different composition
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A
Pure Substance or Mixture?
Pure Substance
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B
Pure Substance or Mixture?
Mixture
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C
Pure Substance or Mixture?
Pure Substance
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D
Pure Substance or Mixture?
Pure Substance
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E
Pure Substance or Mixture?
Mixture
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F
Pure Substance or Mixture?
Pure Substance
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H
Pure Substance or Mixture?
Mixture
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A mixture is made of 2 or more types of atoms that are NOT chemically combined together.
Mixtures can take many forms:
2+ Solids 2+ Gases
Looking Closer At Mixtures
2+ Liquids
ANY combination of solids, liquids & gases
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Mixtures of Solids
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Mixtures of Liquids
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Mixtures of Gases
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Types Of Mixtures
There are 2 major types of mixtures:
Heterogeneous Homogeneous
You can see the different parts
(phases) of the mixture easily
Means “different” Means “the same”
You cannot see the different parts
(phases) of the mixture
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Heterogeneous Mixtures
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Homogeneous Mixtures
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Which Kind of Mixture?
Classify each type of mixture as:
Heterogeneous Homogeneous
Heterogeneous Heterogeneous Homogeneous
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Any Questions?
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Mixtures and Solutions Part 2: Solutions
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A solution is a special type of mixture.
Solutions
A solution is a homogeneous mixture that combines a solute and a solvent.
A solution involves one substance dissolving in
another substance, which is usually a liquid.
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A solution is a special type of mixture.
Solutions
A solution is a homogeneous mixture that combines a solute and a solvent.
The solid part that gets dissolved.
e.g. salt, sugar
The liquid part that does the dissolving.
e.g. water
Solute Solvent
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How To Make A Solution
Solute Solvent Solution + =
Salt Water Salt Solution
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We can measure how easily a solute will dissolve in a certain solvent.
Solubility
This measurement is called solubility.
The solute dissolves quickly & easily
e.g. salt in water
The solute does not dissolve easily
e.g. sand in water
HIGH Solubility LOW Solubility
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We can add a LITTLE or a LOT of solute!
Dilute vs. Concentrated
For example, putting spoonfuls of sugar into a cup of tea…
A solution with only a small
amount of solute is called a dilute solution.
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We can add a LITTLE or a LOT of solute!
Dilute vs. Concentrated
For example, putting spoonfuls of sugar into a cup of tea…
A solution with a large amount of solute is called concentrated.
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Eventually, a solvent can’t hold anymore!
Saturated Solutions
A saturated solution CANNOT hold any more solute at a certain temperature.
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But, by heating a solvent up, we can make it hold even more solute than normal.
A super-saturated solution contains more solute than it can normally dissolve.
Keep Going!
Heat It!
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Any Questions?
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Mixtures and Solutions Part 3: Separating Mixtures
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A mixture is made of 2 or more types of atoms that are NOT chemically combined together.
Since the phases are not chemically joined together, they can be separated…
Recall: Mixtures
Each part of a mixture is called a phase.
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Separation Techniques
There are 5 ways to separate mixtures:
Sieving
Evaporation
Distillation
Chromatography
Filtration
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Sieving
Separates different sized/shaped solids.
Smaller solids will pass through the sieve.
Larger solids will be left inside the sieve.
You can do it by hand or with a sieve.
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Filtration
Separates solids mixed with liquids.
The liquid that passes through is the filtrate.
Solids that gets stuck in the filter is residue.
You need a funnel and filter paper.
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Filtration
Insoluble in water
Soluble in water
residue
filtrate
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Evaporation
Separates solids dissolved fully in a liquid.
The liquid will evaporate into the air.
The solid residue will remain behind.
You need an evaporation dish
and heater.
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left behind
Evaporation
evaporates
liquid
residue
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Distillation
The liquid evaporates and is collected.
The solid residue will remain in the flask.
You need a distillation apparatus.
Separates a solid dissolved in a liquid, but you want to keep the liquid instead!
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Distillation
condenser
flask
flask
burner
cools down the gas
gas drips out here
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Chromatography
All the different dyes are dissolved in water.
Some dyes are more soluble than others…
You need chromatography paper and a solvent.
Separates different dyes and inks mixed together in one solution.
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Drop of the ink mixture is put near bottom
usually water
Chromatography
chromatography paper strip
solvent
More soluble dyes are
carried higher
Less soluble dyes stay
lower
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Any Questions?