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Mobile and Ubiquitous Computing CS 525M: P2P MicroInteractions with NFCEnabled Mobile Phones Hiromu Enoki Computer Science Dept. Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI) 1

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Page 1: Mobile and Ubiquitous Computing CS P2P Micro Interactions with NFC … · 2013-04-17 · Mobile and Ubiquitous Computing CS 525M: P2P Micro‐Interactions with NFC‐Enabled Mobile

Mobile and Ubiquitous Computing CS 525M: P2P Micro‐Interactions with 

NFC‐Enabled Mobile Phones

Hiromu Enoki

Computer Science Dept.Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI)

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Introduction

Near‐Field Communication Standardized in Dec. 2003 (ISO/IEC 18092) Combination of three existing technologies

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Introduction

“NFC is a short‐range wireless technology to exchange data among various devices with various usages.” ‐ SONY NFC Website

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Introduction

Frictionless Micro‐Interactions Sharing information with other devices

Bluetooth? ‐> Requires pairing Wi‐Fi ad hoc? ‐> Requires settings IrDA? ‐> Requires Aiming and Steadiness

NFC No pre‐configuration Transaction in less than a second

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Related Work

Device to Phone Micro‐Interaction Reach Out and Touch: Using NFC and 2D Barcodes for 

Service Discovery and Interaction with Mobile Devices Comparison between NFC and QR codes for posters

Bump application Phone to Phone Computer to Phone

…and various other commercial products Rice‐cooker? Washing Machine?

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Types of Micro‐Interactions

Multi‐Party (e.g. Phone to Phone) By touching two phones, user can share files, contact 

information, and application Can download application on the fly

Self across interactive devices (e.g. Phone to PC) Borrow keyboard on PC for phone Using password manager on phone Confirmation is not required, possible white‐list for 

security

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Types of Micro‐Interactions

Remote Control (e.g. Phone to TV or Car) Displaying a photo on TV Loading music preferences and seat position for a car Phone initiated interaction

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From NFC & Smart WORLD 2013 – Kakaku.com Magazine

Page 8: Mobile and Ubiquitous Computing CS P2P Micro Interactions with NFC … · 2013-04-17 · Mobile and Ubiquitous Computing CS 525M: P2P Micro‐Interactions with NFC‐Enabled Mobile

Methodology ‐ Junction

Dodson et al. constructed multiple libraries for NFC and a platform Junction

Junction was inspired by Android’s NFC implementation, using NDEF[1] messages

Junction allows establishing a session (Wi‐Fi, Bluetooth) across devices after a NFC “touch”

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[1] - NFC Data Exchange Format

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Methodology ‐ Junction

Junction uses a Interaction Manifest to represent dispatching application One way communication, avoiding request/response

Contains: Platform Identifier (e.g. Android, iOS, Web) Platform‐specific application reference (installed and 

installable programs) Application arguments (Optional) Device modality for different devices

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[1] - NFC Data Exchange Format

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Methodology ‐ Junction

Context‐rich Application on foreground wishes to use NDEF

Context‐bare Application cannot or does not use NDEF

Two context‐rich applications? Exchanges the applications’ Interaction Manifest

Two context‐bare applications? Exchanges handover address and device type Prompts user what to do

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Methodology ‐ Handover

What about phones that does not have NFC? Affix a passive NFC/QR tag, and initiate a handover

After handover, exchanges NDEF messages

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Methodology ‐ Handover

EasyNFC library for Android Requires Internet and Bluetooth permissions Simplifies connection between phones using NDEF

LegacyNFC service for Android Listens on Bluetooth for NDEF handover

responses Acts like a NFC chip for non‐NFC phones

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Methodology ‐ Handover

DesktopNFC service for PCs and TVs Supports Bluetooth and TCP/IP handovers Similar to LegacyNFC

Activity Director Supporting application for previous libraries Upon receiving NDEF message If supporting application is installed, launch it If not, prompts to install application on Google Play

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Results ‐ Applications

TapBoard Can use PC keyboard to input 

text Uses connection handover to 

share a URL

PocketSlides Scan NFC/QR tag for a display Phone is a remote control for 

display Uses connection handover 

for sharing a URL14

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Results ‐ Applications

Hot Potato Application that can share files from existing apps Larger files can be transferred with handover Supports “copy and paste” by handing a reference

weHold’Em Uses Junction, JavaScript and HTML Touching phone invites player to game Touching the TV shows the chips and community 

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Future Work

Security for NFC transactions Eavesdropping, Man‐in‐the‐middle attacks, losing the 

phone

More devices with NFC support Train route information, Air conditioners?

Micro‐Payments and Tickets Buying coffee with NFC prepaid card Train ticket, Airline ticket, Hotel check‐in, etc….

User Study???16

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Conclusion

Junction allows a simple method for micro‐interactions using NFC

Not only for phones, but for any device with Internet or Bluetooth capabilities

Libraries allow abstraction of NFC hardware from the application programmer

Infinite possibilities of applications using NFC technology

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Thank You!

Questions?

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References

FeliCa – About NFC – Definition of NFC, http://www.sony.net/Products/felica/NFC/

NFC Sharing Between Android and Windows Phone 8, The Droid Guy, http://thedroidguy.com/2012/10/nfc‐sharing‐between‐android‐and‐windows‐phone‐8/

O’Neill et al, Reach Out and Touch: Using NFC and 2D Barcodes for Service Discovery and Interaction with Mobile Devices, 2007

Dodson et al, P2P Micro‐Interactions with NFC‐Enabled Mobile Phones, 2011

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Image Sources

http://trendy.nikkeibp.co.jp/article/col/20060224/115585/?P=2

http://techon.nikkeibp.co.jp/article/NEWS/20110425/191383/

http://k‐tai.impress.co.jp/static/special/doujou/2007/07/06/ 

http://magazine.kakaku.com/mag/pc/id=1101/

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