Mobile Informatics for Global Logistics

Prof. Chin E. LinDistinguished Chair Professor

School of e-BusinessSouth China University of Technology

Informatics System

Informatics system is a concept of general integration of hardware, firmware, and software to create a powerful information world of linkage from any nodes to any systems3C (computer, communication, and consumer) are recognized as modern products to establish informatics environment

Informatics System

Informatics System hardware and software processes data acquisition and message exchange under environment freedom Wireless communication might be a necessary means to connect broadlyFlexible networks, such as Internet, are built for message access

Informatics SystemRequires

CPU to manage, interface to link and access, means to communicate network to handle data exchange,

Perform system integration of different functions of hardware and software under heterogeneous distributed structure

Developing Goals Easy operation and flexible message access, user friendly, function powerful, low power consumption, small size, light weight, maybe low cost Handling high efficiency, high quality, and high reliability

Mobile InformaticsCreate a new environment for persons to access information exchange with large distribute systems through wireless communication under mobile freedom, broadband superiority and privacy in security

Technology Supports for Mobile Informatics

Mobile EnvironmentLocal area coverage: wireless resource that covers limited range in good communication quality of service (QoS)Wide area coverage: wireless resource that covers unbound, unlimited range of appreciated communication QoS

Mobile Environment“Mobile” is a term to express movement freedom from one site to anotherWireless communication enables one to communicate to the others from any roaming placesMobile informatics system becomes a key solution to promote e-commerce more efficiently in real time.

Wireless EnvironmentWireless system is a modern technology to connect terminals using different resources of radio frequencies.Various wireless systems have different characteristics for adoption to meet the application requirements.

Wireless DemandsMobile informatics demands wireless system to support high speed, broad bandwidth, wider coverage, in high reliability, high stability, high performance and low costWireless needs HQoS

Long Range RF WirelessHigh power radio frequency communication from VHF (30 MHz –300 MHz) to UHF (300 MHz – 3 GHz) in FDMA simplex or duplex Carrying directional long range coverage (

Local Area WirelessLow power RF, VHF or UHF, short range (

Bluetooth

BB Network, Local Loop

ADSL/Cable/FTTx

Backbond

Cellular( GSM/GPRS/3

G/PHS）

台中都會骨幹網路

高雄都會骨幹網路

台北 都會骨幹網路

地區接取網路

AP

APWLAN

(WLAN based onBB Network)

AP

Dual-Network

Basestation

• m-Govt.• ITS• m-Health, etc.

•m-Game•M-TV•….

Govt.

Business

•m-Commerce•Video Conference

Construct BB Network Promote Application Services

Home

WLAN for M-Taiwan

http://www.nttdocomo.co.jp/english/p_s/products/keitai/503i/f503i/f503i.html

WLAN Range

WLAN in door

Wi-Fi

Wide Area Wireless

Mobile communication 2G & 2.5G, 1.8 GHz in TDMA, 3G, 1.8 GHz in CDMA, Omni-directional 550 m to hand overFuture WiMax (802.16, 4G), 6~66 GHz, CDMA, Omni-directional 1~5 km to hand over

Mobile Communication Infrastructure

Cellular type base stations to connect

mobile stations

GSM v.s. GPRS Structure

Mobile Communication Trend

WiMAX

WiMax

WiMax in wide range coverage to 5 km or fartherHigher power and wider spectrum and bandwidthPerformance for voice, data, image, and video in real time

Wide Area Wireless

Satellite communication carries frequency of UHF(0.3~3 GHz) or EHF (30~300 GHZ) to penetrating ionosphere in TDMA or CDMA relaying globally from LEO (low earth orbits) mobile constellation

Communication Satellite

、

SATCOM

Location-Based InformaticsAwareness of position information being an important change of informatics systemPositioning methods become well-developed under supports of GPS (1990), GLONASS(?), or Galileo (2008)Mobile Base Transceiver Station (BTS) positioning is adoptable (2004)

GPS Satellite in GEO (1984)

Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS)(1990)

Galileo (2008)

GPS Positioning (1990)

Theoretically, 3 or more GPS signals may determine a position from radio frequency signal propagation

GSM BTS Positioning (2004)

BTS signal propagation 550 meters in each cycle of TA from the concentric circle

GSM BTS Positioning

Calculation of time difference of arrival (TDOA) from different BTS

Find intersection area for position assessment

BTS Positioning (2004)550 × TA ≤ D < 550 × (TA + 1) mMS position can be calculated by:

aaaa Dvyyxx =+−+−2

02

0 )()(

bbbb Dvyyxx =+−+−2

02

0 )()(

cccc Dvyyxx =+−+−2

02

0 )()(

Positioning for Tracking

3C products

Informatics needs Brain

Informatics system needs a CPU to handle jobs and to link hardware via software Personal computer or microprocessor are most suitable candidates for flexible applicationsSuitable operation system (OS) may require

PC Architecture

CPU

Different kinds of CPUs are available for system design and applications

Microprocessor to play alone

System SoftwarePersonal computer adopts high-level language for easy-programmingMicroprocessor uses low-level language for faster processingVisual Basic (VB), Borland C Builder (BCB), Java, C-language, are quite popular software in the informatics system developments

Operating System

System NetworkingInformatics system takes advantages to interconnect with other system through Internet to remote nodes or via Intranet to local nodesInternet is presently global link to everyoneIntranet serves locally for high QoS

Internet means global

Intranet

Internet for Data AccessInternet is a worldwide information highway to link all message into one simple protocolInternet becomes anywhere to access data from all terminalsInternet server plays an important role to serve data stream for linkagesInternet is now and future

ProtocolInformatics system exchanges message from nodes to nodes, communication protocols, TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) or UDP (User Datagram Protocol), should be predetermined to carry certain format of message in and out

TCP v.s. UDPTCP is most reliable to send message, but is slower to transmitUDP is capable for mass data in prompt delivery, however, unreliable to require software to assure reliability

TCP/UDP Data PacketTCP packet in strict form

UDP packet in rather random form

Client-Server Architecture

OSI for InformaticsSQL

ServerDatabase

Application LayerClient Application

Transport LayerTCP

Internet LayerIP

Network Interface LayerGPRS(GSM RF)

Application Layer Server Application

Transport LayerTCP

Internet LayerIP

Network Interface LayerEthernet

ServerClient

+

Informatics InterfaceInformatics system is designed to interconnect with other device or facility via proper interfaceWired interfaces, such as RS232, IEEE 488, 485, 1394b, USB, PCI and AGP bus, SATA -133 IDE, are most available Other wireless interface, such as blue tooth, IR, are also mature for adoption

RS232 of most available

USB

USB 1.112Mbps

USB 2.0480Mbps

USB connecting to 127 peripherals

IEEE 1394b Plastic FiberTransmitting speed: 100, 200, and 400MB/s, future 1.6~3.2 GB/sSupporting 63 nodes with in 4.5 mConnector 6 pin including power, or 4 pin no powered

Bluetooth

Bluetooth is capable to connect multiple nodes of various protocols simultaneously to computer, printer, cell phone, camera, PDA, and 3C products

Infrared (IR)Although IR is directional, IR is capable for wireless interfacing to computers, PDAs, cell phones and webcam, cameras.

Comparison of InterfacesInterface Transmitting SpeedSerial Port 115 kbits/sStandard parallel port (SPP) 115 kBytes/sUSB 1.1 12 Mbits/s (1.5 MBytes/s)ECP/EEP parallel port 3 MBytes/sIDE 3.3-16.7 MBytes/sIEEE 1394 100-400 Mbits/s (12.5-50

MBytes/s)USB 2.0 480 Mbits/s

Informatics MemoryInformatics system makes data storage temporarily or for longInformatics system design introduces RAM/ROM to enhance function capabilityBuild-in memory in informatics system hardware design

Memory Devices

IdentificationInformatics system ensures privacy and security using different categories of identification methodNon-contact technologies, such as Bar Code/RFID/IR/Ultrasonic Contact technologies, such as IC Card/SIM, finger print

Bar Codes

RFID

Finger Print ID

Finger print to ensure privacy or personal security

　

System Identifier Module (SIM) is the key to connect mobile communicationSIM is individual and personal for use

SIM

Mobile Informatics for Global Logistics

What is LogisticsLogistics is a branch system to support a complete systemized operation. Logistics may be a concept or a software in performance, where information is much more important connecting to all related branches into harmonized operation. Logistics has the characteristics of passing information from one to the others.

Global Logistics with Informatics

Arrival & ReceptionIn Warehouse

Delivery

Collection & Distribution

Registration

Packing

Logistic Center

Informatics Design Concept

Determine specificationsSearch for suitable and mature technologies with devices and componentsDevelop system configurationAdopt available software

Mobile Informatics SystemA hardware design to handle data acquisition from clients Requires specific functions of OS, interface, memoryAdopts communication to the others, such as PPP to a terminal or TCP/IP on to Internet into a server

Wireless onto InternetMobile communication GPRS system connect informatics onto Internet, stays always on-line in packets, and charges by data volume Wireless media onto Internet will be valuable for global logistics

Informatics HardwareSelect a microprocessor, ARM or μPSelect OS, software and interfaceIdentify necessary peripherals for DAQSelect communication media for Tx/RxSource adoptable ICs and modulesDetermine system functionsDesign flow concept and flow chartConsider power budget

Informatics Integration on Modules

GPRS Module

GPS Module

System Integration

Positioning for Logistics

Global Positioning System (GPS) offers the users with accurate real time position informationGPS updates every second from Geostationary Satellites to calculate user’s position in accurate longitude and latitude, with minor accurate altitude

Geodetic Information SystemWhile GPS is used to calculate client’s location data, the Geodetic Information System (GIS) is constructed to display the electronic map for surveillance and controlGIS is capable for multiple target trackingAdditional functions can be built in GIS

Server Version GIS Display

Based on Map-X

Web Version GIS

Based on Papago SDK

Mobile Informatics for Logistics

Mobile LogisticsMobile logistics establishes message exchange on an Internet platform through mobile communication systemMobile logistics demands location-based information to be aware of materials, supplies, manpower, facility, and other resources

G3 Mobile Logistics Concept

G3 Hardware in μPGPRS

Module

Micro Processor

GPS Module

GPS Output

UART

Gate

RS232Interface

DigitalI/O

Gate Control

I/O Control

EEPROMI2C

G3 is a μPbased informatics system design using 8051

G3 Firmware on μP

G3 Informatics Hardware

50 x 100 mm

Informatics Server PlatformConfigure server design conceptSelect server software engineConstruct Internet environmentEstablish software flowIdentify wire and wireless linkagesData storage and processingForward data mining

G3 Server Configuration

InternetFixed IP

DatabaseMicrosoft AccessMicrosoft SQLMySQLOracle

G3 SoftwareGIS software

MapInfo Map XPaPaGo SDK PCMapInfo MapXtremePaPaGo SDK WebMapInfo Map X MobilePaPaGo SDK PPC

Informatics PlatformUser interaction with systemUser Privacy, Personal Security, Registration, Identification, Authentication, Exchange, Modification, and Communication

Mobile Logistics

Mobile logistics requires informatics hardware to support data acquisition, access and communication onto Internet serverA client-server system architecture is organized.

Standard of Mobile LogisticsClient and server system architectureReal time data acquisitionConnect onto Internet via GPRSServer database storage and data manipulationLocation-based information from GPSGIS real time mapping and display Message Uplink and Downlink between clients and server

Mobile Logistics of Client-Server Configuration

Logistic Data AcquisitionData acquisition may be input message from logistic vehicles of:

Description of contentsQuantity of contentsPosition and speed (from GPS)Vehicle conditions such as fuel, weight, and othersTemperature of container

Security information

Logistics InformationLogistic vehicles may exchange message of

Who is on dutyWhere to goWhen to arriveHow to go, select a best routeWhich to deliver or pick upList of contents

Mobile Tracking

Mobile logistics adopts GIS for mobile tracking or surveillance on GISWeb version GIS can also support the supervisor to roam for monitoring

Mobile Tracking on PDA

Future Production ChainFuture production chain may need an overall information integration to execute production plan from raw materials to all processes, including incoming logistics and outgoing logisticsJust-in-time production from upstream to support downstream

Supplier Manufacturing Distribution Retailer Consumer

Dynamic Value Chains

Product Development Distribution Efficiency Product Replenishment

Business Development

Increased Increased competitivenesscompetitiveness

NewMaterial

NewProcess

IntegratedSolution

Key ProcessImprovement

NewProduct

Cutting-edgeTechnology

Newcommerce

New BusinessSystem

New ServiceModel

CPFR (Collaborative Plan Forecast Replenishment)

Value Chain in Global Logistics

ProductLife Cycle

ProductionChain in

Logistics System

Proper surveillance logistics system is the most important key to production control

Logistic Vehicle

Mobile Informatics for e-Care System

Internet for e-Care

e-Care System is an Internet environment:Patients are linking with wired ADSL or wireless GPRS onto the e-Care Center.Doctors or hospital medical experts are connecting to the e-Care System via wired or wireless Internet access. e-Care Center computer server is operating on Internet basis.

e-Care System Performance

Who needs e-Care

e-Care is applied to chronic patientsand geriatric patients need to take periodic biomedical data measurement to assure condition under control, keep doctors well information of patient’s situation

e-Care Informatics

ConclusionMobile informatics system is a complete function-based design for data acquisition, processing, communication, storage, and further data mining for different applications Informatics system requires integration effort to adopt mature hardware in conjunction with firmware and software for systemized operation.

Conclusion

Mobile informatics system connects client and server concept for operation harmonization. Internet, intranet and networking structure are open system to global interconnection.

ConclusionMobile communication changes the logistics in system structure and operation procedureMobile logistics promotes production chains into new era of Internet based performance to enhance efficiency Mobile logistics becomes seamless cooperative from raw material to end user, internationally

Conclusion

Mobile informatics system for e-care is emerging to an important role in future community demands. Mobile informatics system is highly potential as tomorrow’s business.

Mobile Informatics �for Global LogisticsInformatics System Informatics SystemInformatics SystemDeveloping Goals Mobile InformaticsTechnology Supports for Mobile Informatics Mobile EnvironmentMobile EnvironmentWireless EnvironmentWireless DemandsLong Range RF WirelessLocal Area WirelessBluetoothWLAN for M-Taiwan WLAN RangeWLAN in doorWi-FiWide Area WirelessGSM v.s. GPRS StructureMobile Communication Trend WiMAXWiMaxWide Area WirelessCommunication SatelliteSATCOMLocation-Based InformaticsGPS Satellite in GEO (1984)Galileo (2008)GPS Positioning (1990)GSM BTS Positioning (2004)GSM BTS PositioningBTS Positioning (2004) Informatics needs BrainPC �ArchitectureCPU System Software System Networking Internet for Data AccessProtocolTCP v.s. UDPTCP/UDP Data PacketClient-Server ArchitectureOSI for InformaticsInformatics InterfaceRS232 of most availableUSBIEEE 1394b Plastic Fiber Bluetooth Infrared (IR)Comparison of InterfacesInformatics Memory Identification Mobile Informatics �for Global LogisticsWhat is LogisticsInformatics Design Concept Mobile Informatics SystemWireless onto InternetInformatics HardwareInformatics Integration �on ModulesPositioning for LogisticsGeodetic Information SystemServer Version GIS Display Web Version GISMobile Informatics �for LogisticsMobile LogisticsG3 Mobile Logistics ConceptG3 Hardware in μP G3 Firmware on μPG3 Informatics HardwareInformatics Server PlatformG3 Server ConfigurationInformatics PlatformMobile LogisticsStandard of Mobile LogisticsMobile Logistics of �Client-Server ConfigurationLogistic Data AcquisitionLogistics InformationMobile Tracking Future Production ChainValue Chain in Global LogisticsLogistics SystemMobile Informatics �for e-Care SystemInternet for e-Caree-Care System Performance Who needs e-Care e-Care Informatics ConclusionConclusionConclusionConclusion