mobility

Social Inclusion in Eastern-Europe and CenSocial Inclusion in Eastern-Europe and Central Asiatral Asia

Labour market mobilityLabour market mobility

Andor UrmosAndor Urmos

Ministry of Social Affairs and LabourMinistry of Social Affairs and Labour

HungaryHungary

September 26, 2007September 26, 2007


MobilityMobility

DefinitionDefinition– Social status mobilitySocial status mobility– Regional mobilityRegional mobility– Migration (domestic, international)Migration (domestic, international)


BackgroundBackground

Regional differences became Regional differences became critical in Eastern-Europe (social critical in Eastern-Europe (social and infrastructural measures)and infrastructural measures)– Roma are overrepresentedRoma are overrepresented

(ghettoisation)(ghettoisation) Labour market is „rigid” – need Labour market is „rigid” – need

and demand are not harmonisedand demand are not harmonised


BackgroundBackground

Labour market serviceLabour market service– Adul training, vocational training, wage Adul training, vocational training, wage

support, etc. – locallysupport, etc. – locally Social careSocial care

– Social work, daycare, social services – locallySocial work, daycare, social services – locally HousingHousing

– 90 % or higher own properties, no rental 90 % or higher own properties, no rental marketmarket

– State subsidy State subsidy (social housing allowance) (social housing allowance) forcing propertyforcing property


Underprivileged by social and economical status Underprivileged by social and economical status and low-budgeting municipalitieand low-budgeting municipalitiess

Source: National Statistics of Hungary


Registered vacant jobs (a), registered Registered vacant jobs (a), registered unemployment (B) and unemployment unemployment (B) and unemployment

rate (c) by regional breakdownrate (c) by regional breakdown

Transdanubia

a. 4510

b. 33478

c. 6,6%Western

Transdanubia

a. 3487

b. 28299

c. 6,0% Southern

Transdanubia

a. 1842

b. 54183

c. 13,1%

Northern

Hungary

a. 3272

b. 88838

c. 17,4%Northern Great

Plain

a. 2385

b. 103256

c. 16,4%

Southern Great Plain

a. 4829

b. 62250

c. 11,2%

Central

Hungary

a. 8846

b. 46922

c. 3,6%


Government expenditures by GDP% in

EU 200656

54

49 49 4947 47 46 46 46 46 45 45 44 44 43

4039 37 37

34 34 33

5350

51

Sweden

Franc

e

Hunga

ry

Denmar

kIta

ly

Belgium

Austri

a

Finlan

dEU25

Nethe

rland

s

Sloven

ia

Portu

gal

Greec

e

Germ

any

Mált

a UK

Cypru

s

Poland

Czech

Rep

ublic

Luxe

mbu

rg

Spain

Slovak

ia

Latvi

a

Irelan

d

Lithu

ania

Estonia

forrás: Eurostat


Hungary and SlovakiaHungary and Slovakia

43,7

53,0

33,3

37,3

Government income by GDP% Government expenditures by GDP%

Hungary Slovakia

Hungary Slovakia

forrás: Eurostat


MobilityMobility

Labour market need and demand Labour market need and demand should be harmonisedshould be harmonised– High unemployment rate in depressed High unemployment rate in depressed

regions – job vacancies in developed regions – job vacancies in developed regionsregions

Complex approach – establishing the Complex approach – establishing the chance!chance!– Employment service (training, wage Employment service (training, wage

support, etc.) – in more developed regionsupport, etc.) – in more developed region– Social work – relationship among servicesSocial work – relationship among services– Housing – flexibile solutions (rent)Housing – flexibile solutions (rent)


MobilityMobility

LimitsLimits Educated population vs. low-skilled peopleEducated population vs. low-skilled people Local network of the family (relatives, Local network of the family (relatives,

school, community, etc.)school, community, etc.) Lack of the local network in the „new” Lack of the local network in the „new”

regionregion Resistance by the „new” communityResistance by the „new” community Lack of co-operating services (social Lack of co-operating services (social

work!)work!) Need for significant change in housing Need for significant change in housing

policypolicy


MobilityMobility

No contradiction with regional No contradiction with regional development!development!

– Depressed regions need bothDepressed regions need both1.1. Regional development (infrastructure, Regional development (infrastructure,

higher normatives for basic services, higher normatives for basic services, tax benefits for investors, etc.) – tax benefits for investors, etc.) – social status mobility in placesocial status mobility in place

2.2. Mobility program (employment Mobility program (employment service, social work, flexibile housing)service, social work, flexibile housing)


MobilityMobility

International migration and mobilityInternational migration and mobility Similar drivers, but different toolsSimilar drivers, but different tools Political assumptions – i.e. Roma Political assumptions – i.e. Roma

migration, mobilitymigration, mobility Need for incentives for Need for incentives for

international migration, mobility international migration, mobility within EU (i.e. language skills)within EU (i.e. language skills)


Thank you for your attention!Thank you for your attention!

mobility

Documents

easterneurope social

eurostatsocial inclusion

internationalsocial

propertysocial inclusion

central asiahungary

central asiaunderprivileged

harmonisedsocial inclusion

central asiathank