MUST – HAVE TO SHOULD BE ALLOWED TO

1.OBLIGATION: HAVE TO & MUST Affirmative: they have a similar meaning.

A) HAVE TO ( it is necessary) * More common for general & external obligations (rules & laws) You have to wear your seatbelt in the car

* It is a normal verb and it exists in all tenses. * We use do/does to make questions and negatives. Do I have to go?

B) MUST ( It is necessary) * More for specific or personal obligations. I must buy a new shirt (my own decision) * It is a modal verb & it isn’t used in questions but have to.

Negative: they change their meaning.

A) DON’T HAVE TO/ DOESN’T HAVE TO NEEDN’T (you don’t have the necessity or the obligation to do something) You don’t have to drive- we can get a train.

B) MUSTN’T + INFINITIVE (PROHIBITION, BANNED, FORBIDDEN)

You mustn’t drive along this street- it is prohibited against the law

2.ADVICE / OPINION / RECOMMENDATION:

A)SHOULD + INFINITIVE OUGHT TO

I think the government should do something. You should study more if you want to pass the exam

3. PERMISSION

A)Be allowed to: ( to say that we have permission to do something)

We are allowed to use my mum’s laptop. They aren’t allowed to have mobiles in class.

4. DEDUCTION: MUST - MAY/MIGHT - CAN’T

100% MUST: when we are sure that something is true. She must have a lot of money. She drives a Porsche.

50% MAY/MIGHT: when we thing something is possible true. She is not at home. She may be working

She might not like that skirt. It’s not her style. 100% CAN’T: when we are sure something is impossible/not true. She can’t be ill. I saw her at the gym.

5.ABILITY & POSSIBILITY: CAN- COULD-BE ABLE TO

A)CAN - PRESENT : I can speak Spanish very well. B)COULD – PAST: She could play the piano when she was eight. C)BE ABLE TO: can be used in Present: I’m able to accept it. Past: they weren’t able to come Future: I’ll be able to practice my English in London. Present Perfect: She has been able to speak French since she was a child. Conditional: I’d like to be able to ski. Gerund: I love being able to sleep late at weekends.