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  1 Complete the sentences about the

present:

1 He at home. I rang and

there is no answer.

2 You tired when you

come home from 12-hour day at work.

3 He home yet. He’s left

10 minutes ago.

4 hey away for the

weekend !ut I am not sure.

" #o!ody is answering. hey out.

$ I to the cinema

tonight !ut I’m not sure yet.

% He from e&as' (udging

!y his accent.

) You right !ut I’m going

to ask the teacher anyway.

* He from the +,. He

doesn’t seak /nglish.

10 he e&am easy. You

neer know.

11 He’s !een driing for ) hours without making

a sto. He ery tired.

12 It hasn’t sto raining for two days. ut with

some luck the weather

nice tomorrow.

2 Complete the sentences about the

past:

1 He came home at 11 o’clock last night.

He !e ery tired.

2 He !e at the arty

last night. He went to aris yesterday

morning.

3 You !e hay when

you assed your final e&am.

4 ,he !e out last night.

I saw the lights were out.

" He steal the car. He

was in (ail at the time.

$ He fall the e&am. I’m

not sure yet.

% ,he was late for her (o! interiew. ,he

miss the !us.

) He cause the

accident. He is the most careful drier I

hae eer met.

* ,he !e in the disco

last night !ut I’m not sure.

10 ,he didn’t come to school this morning.

,he oerslee. It’s so

tyical for her.

11 He !e in the office at

2 o’clock !ut no one is sure.

5or ast we use can’t + have + pastparticiple6He can’t have failed  the exam. He’s a verygood student!

7e use may/ might / could to make

seculations i.e. when there is no eidence.7e use may / might / coukd + bare

infinitive for resent6She didn’t come to school today. She may /

might / could  be ill.7e use may / might / coukd + have + pastparticiple for ast6He may/might/ could have phoned  whileyou were out. The answer phone was switchedoff.

7e use must to make deductions when we arealmost sure. 5or resent time we use must +bare infinitive6He’s been working for 1 hours by now. Hemust be very tired.5or ast deductions we use must + have +

past participle6He’d been working got 1 hours when saw

him. He must have been very tired.

7e use can’t to make negatie deductions fromeidence. 5or resent we use can’t + bareinfinitive6He can’t be at home. saw him leave 1minutes ago.

8/11/2019 modals of deduction and speculation with Key.doc

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KEKE  1 Complete the sentences about the present:

1 He 8#’ / at home. I rang and there is no answer.

2 You 9+, / tired when you come home from 12-hour day at work.

3 He 8#’ / home yet. He’s left 10 minutes ago.

4 hey 9Y :9I;H: 8<+=> / away for the weekend !ut I am not sure.

" #o!ody is answering. hey 9+, / out.

$ I 9Y: 9I;H ;< to the cinema tonight !ut I’m not sure yet.

% He 9+, / from e&as' (udging !y his accent.

) You 9Y : 9I;H : 8<+=> / right !ut I’m going to ask the teacher anyway.

* He 8#’ / from the +,. He doesn’t seak /nglish.

10 he e&am 9Y : 9I;H : 8<+=> easy. You neer know.

11 He’s !een driing for ) hours without making a sto. He 9+, / ery tired.

12 It hasn’t sto raining for two days. ut with some luck the weather 8<+=> : 9Y : 9I;H / 

nice tomorrow.

2 Complete the sentences about the past:

1 He came home at 11 o’clock last night. He 9+, H?/ //# !e ery tired.

2 He 8#’ H?/ //# !e at the arty last night. He went to aris yesterday morning.

3 You 9+, H?/ //# !e hay when you assed your final e&am.

4 ,he 9+, H?/ //# !e out last night. I saw the lights were out.

" He 8#’ H?/ ,<=/# steal the car. He was in (ail at the time.

$ He 9Y:9I;H:8<+=> H?/ 5==/# fall the e&am. I’m not sure yet.

% ,he was late for her (o! interiew. ,he 9+, H?/ 9I,,/> miss the !us.

) He 8#’ H?/ 8+,/> cause the accident. He is the most careful drier I hae eer met.

* ,he 9Y:9I;H:8<+=> H?/ //# !e in the disco last night !ut I’m not sure.

10 ,he didn’t come to school this morning. ,he 9+, H?/ <?/@,=/ oerslee. It’s so tyical for

her.

11 He 9Y:9I;H:8<+=> H?/ //# !e in the office at 2 o’clock !ut no one is sure.