modelling sustainability in water supply and drainage with simdeum® ilse pieterse-quirijns, claudia...
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Modelling sustainability in water supply and drainage with SIMDEUM®
Ilse Pieterse-Quirijns, Claudia Agudelo-Vera, Mirjam Blokker
climate change
Background: “problem description” sustainability in supply and drainage with SIMDEUM®
energy costs
energy efficiency
recovery of energy from wastewater
population growth
increased urbanisation
increased consumption
reuse of wastewater
harvesting of rainwater
recovery of nutrients from wastewater
promotesustainability
Purpose: contribution SIMDEUM® in sustainability
sustainability in supply and drainage with SIMDEUM®
Purpose:
Contribution of SIMDEUM® in sustainability in supply and
drainage to buildings:
Case 1: energy efficient design of water heaters
Case 2: grey water recycling and rainwater harvesting system
Case 3: recovery of thermal energy and nutrients from wastewater
SIMDEUM®: model for water demand sustainability in supply and drainage with SIMDEUM®
SIMDEUM
SIMulation of water Demand, an End Use Model
Philosophy: installation inside building:
characteristics water using appliances
users: water use behaviour
residential
diurnal cold and hot water demand patterns
design rules for
houses and
apartment buildings
non-residential
diurnal cold and hot water demand patterns
design rules for
non-residential buildings
(offices, hotels, nursing
homes)
Library
typical water demand patterns
SIMDEUM pattern generator
appliances
• presence• when do they
use water?• for which
reason?
• flow rate• duration• frequency• desired temperature
users
dependent on user
dependent on purpose of usebathroomtap
kitchentap
SIMDEUM
SIMulation of water Demand, an End Use Model
Philosophy: installation inside building:
characteristics water using appliances
users: water use behaviour
SIMDEUM®: model for water demand sustainability in supply and drainage with SIMDEUM®
demand patterns at each tap
during the day
for cold AND hot water
demand patterns for building
during the day
for cold AND hot water
demand patterns for apartment
building during the day
for cold AND hot water
SIMDEUM®: model for water demand sustainability in supply and drainage with SIMDEUM®
0 6 12 18 240
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
time [h]
ho
t flo
w (
m3 /h
)
measuredsimulated
nursing home
0 6 12 18 240
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
time [h]
flow
(m
3 /h)
measuredsimulatedcold hot
0 6 12 18 240
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
time [h]
hot flo
w (
m3/h
)
measured all daysmeasured full occupationsimulated
0 6 12 18 240
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
time [h]
flow
(m
3/h
)
measured all daysmeasured ful occupationsimulationhotel hotcold
apartment building hotcold
Case 1SIMDEUM® in energy efficient
design of water heaters
Case 1: energy efficient design of water heaters sustainability in supply and drainage with SIMDEUM®
Design of heating systems in practice:
Badly (over-)designed systems
Why?
outdated existing guidelines and guidelines do not cover hot water demand
Hygienic problems (water quality, Legionella)
Less energy efficient
SIMDEUM based rules lead to comparable choice of heating
system as based on measured hot water use
In 2010: procedure to derive new design rules for cold and hot water based on
SIMDEUM®
In 2011: reliable prediction of peak demand values of cold and hot water for different
buildings
Compare SIMDEUM-based design with proposal
company: type of building design based on SIMDEUM proposal company
volume [l] power [kW] volume [l] power [kW]
apartment building I: standard500 60 500 110
apartment building II: luxurious)500 82 1000 80
hotel I (small business)500 35 1000 200
hotel II (large business)1000 60 4000 200
hotel III (tourist)250 50 740 100
nursing home I: care needed residents250 30 500 45
nursing home II: self-contained apartments 500 25 1000 100
Dimensions
proposed by
company
2x to 4x
dimensions
from
SIMDEUM
SIMDEUM®:
significant contribution in energy efficient design of
heating systems
Case 1: energy efficient design of water heaters sustainability in supply and drainage with SIMDEUM®
Case 2SIMDEUM® in grey water recycling
and rainwater harvesting system
Case 2: grey water recycling and rainwater harvesting systemsustainability in supply and drainage with SIMDEUM®
SIMDEUM
Building type Free standing house Mid-rise apartment flat
Occupancy 4 people (1 family) 56 people (28 apartments x 2 people)
Roof area (m²) 60 640
# of toilets 2 (1 in each floor) 28 (1 per apartment)
# of laundry machines 1 (in 1st floor) 28 (1 per apartment)
# of showers/bathtubs 1 (in 2nd floor) 28 showers (1 per apartment) – No bath
Grey and rain water system
Single house collection Shared collection
Week demand pattern (hourly time step)
Case 2: grey water recycling and rainwater harvesting system
Non-potable demand (DQ2) = 65 m³ y-1 = 16 m³ y-1 p-1
Potential recycling = 85 m³ y-1 = 21 m³ y-1 p-1
Potential rainwater harvesting = 48 m³ y-1 = 12 m³ y-1 p-1
Treatment rate = 160 l d-1 = 40 l d-1 p-1
Non-potable demand (DQ2) = 1108 m³ y-1 = 20 m³ y-1 p-1
Potential recycling = 930 m³ y-1 = 17 m³ y-1 p-1
Potential rainwater harvesting = 512 m³ y-1 = 9 m³ y-1 p-1
Treatment rate = 2240 l d-1 = 40 l d-1 p-1
Optimisation for choice of storage
capacity shows:
1. LGW recycling is more beneficial
than rainwater harvesting, for the
same storage capacity
2. Combine LGW and rainwater:
maximum yield at smaller storage
capacity
Case 2: grey water recycling and rainwater harvesting systemsustainability in supply and drainage with SIMDEUM®
SIMDEUM®:
assists in proper choice of storage capacities and
in understanding process dynamics in recycling
systems
Higher density of people higher yield/efficiency
Case 2: grey water recycling and rainwater harvesting systemsustainability in supply and drainage with SIMDEUM®
Case 3SIMDEUM® in recovery of thermal
energy and nutrients from wastewater
Case 3: recovery of thermal energy and nutrients from wastewater
SIMDEUM
Purpose of water use for
each appliance is known:• time of use• quantity• temperature
Provides information on wastewater• quantity• temperature• quality (soap residue, medicines,
nitrates)
SIMulation of water Demand, an End Use Model
Philosophy: installation inside building:
characteristics water using appliances
users: water use behaviour
Recovery of energy and nutrients
Demand model
Discharge model
sustainability in supply and drainage with SIMDEUM®
Case 3: recovery of thermal energy and nutrients from wastewater
sustainability in supply and drainage with SIMDEUM®
0
10
20
30
40
tem
pera
ture
[ C
]
Tdischarge
0:00 6:00 12:00 18:00 24:000
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
nutr
ient
s [g
/l]
discharge nutrient load
0
200
400
600
800
Q [
l/h]
total water demand
hot water demand
0
200
400
600
800
Q [
l/h]
total discharge
0
200
400
600
800
Q [
l/h]
shower demand
shower hot water
0:00 6:00 12:00 18:00 24:000
25
50
75
100
Q [
l/h]
WC water demand
Demand Discharge
SIMDEUM®:
quantifies the energy and nutrient loads in
discharge flows for recovery purposes
CONCLUSION
sustainability in supply and drainage with SIMDEUM®
SIMDEUM®
reliable simulation of residential and non-residential cold and hot water demand
patterns
discharge characteristics: quantity, quality and temperature of wastewater
SIMDEUM® to promote sustainability:
1. Energy efficient design: SIMDEUM based design rules reduce heater
capacity with factor 2 to 4
2. Grey water recycling and rainwater harvesting: SIMDEUM assists in
choice of storage capacities and continuous simulations
3. Recovery of energy and nutrients: SIMDEUM renders information on
discharge characteristics
SIMDEUM also for other countries, other buildings and scenario studies