CIVIL RIGHTSCIVIL RIGHTSThe Role of Modern The Role of Modern

GeorgiaGeorgia

The End of the White The End of the White PrimaryPrimary

Georgia had a law declaring that only Georgia had a law declaring that only whites could vote in primary elections.whites could vote in primary elections.

It kept African-Americans from It kept African-Americans from participating in the important primary participating in the important primary elections.elections.

The White Primary was found The White Primary was found unconstitutional in 1946.unconstitutional in 1946.

The 1946 Governor’s ElectionThe 1946 Governor’s Election

Eugene Talmadge was elected but died Eugene Talmadge was elected but died before taking office.before taking office.

The General Assembly unsuccessfully tried The General Assembly unsuccessfully tried to give the election to Herman Talmadge to give the election to Herman Talmadge (Eugene’s son) instead .(Eugene’s son) instead .

The GA Supreme Court ruled a new The GA Supreme Court ruled a new election was required.election was required.

Herman Talmadge was elected in 1947. Herman Talmadge was elected in 1947.

Herman TalmadgeHerman Talmadge

Elected governor in 1948 and Elected governor in 1948 and continued his father’s continued his father’s segregation policies.segregation policies.

Served as Governor (1948-Served as Governor (1948-1954) and U.S. Senator (1956-1954) and U.S. Senator (1956-1980)1980)

Believed in White Supremacy.Believed in White Supremacy.

Left Side AssignmentLeft Side Assignment

The 1946 Election was called “The Three The 1946 Election was called “The Three Governors’ Controversy”Governors’ Controversy”

Read pages 632 and 633 to complete the Read pages 632 and 633 to complete the following:following:

Write a Write a good paragraph good paragraph explaining how explaining how Georgia ended up with three people believing Georgia ended up with three people believing they had the right to be governor in 1946. they had the right to be governor in 1946. Please include information on what led to the Please include information on what led to the controversy, who was involved, and how it controversy, who was involved, and how it ended. ended.

Benjamin E MaysBenjamin E Mays

Educator and civil rights Educator and civil rights activist.activist.

President of Morehouse College.President of Morehouse College. Strongly influenced Martin Strongly influenced Martin

Luther King Jr. Luther King Jr. Promoted human dignity and its Promoted human dignity and its

relationship to American ideals.relationship to American ideals. Believed in non-violent protest Believed in non-violent protest

as a means of change.as a means of change.

Brown vs Board of Education- Brown vs Board of Education- 19541954

U.S. Supreme Court ruled U.S. Supreme Court ruled that schools must be that schools must be desegregated.desegregated.

It decided that segregation It decided that segregation denied equal opportunity to denied equal opportunity to all groups of people.all groups of people.

It took many years to fully It took many years to fully enforce the law.enforce the law.

1956 Flag Controversy1956 Flag Controversy Georgia politicians Georgia politicians

responded to responded to desegregation by changing desegregation by changing the state flag.the state flag.

It added the confederate It added the confederate battle flag to remind battle flag to remind people of its past.people of its past.

Many people took it to Many people took it to symbolize a connection to symbolize a connection to a time when Georgia a time when Georgia promoted slavery.promoted slavery.

Terms to KnowWrite two definitions for each of the following words.

A. The Text B. Your own words

1. Integration2. segregate3. sit-in4. discrimination5. racism

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Leader of the U.S. civil rights Leader of the U.S. civil rights

movement.movement. Gifted speaker and leader.Gifted speaker and leader. Led freedom marches to draw Led freedom marches to draw

attention to the movement.attention to the movement. Gave famous “I have a Gave famous “I have a

Dream” speech in Washington Dream” speech in Washington D.C. to 250,000 people. D.C. to 250,000 people.

Believed in a non-violent Believed in a non-violent approach to social change.approach to social change.

Was assassinated for his Was assassinated for his beliefs in 1968.beliefs in 1968.

Student Non-violent-Coordinating Student Non-violent-Coordinating CommitteeCommittee

SNCCSNCC

SNCC was a student formed SNCC was a student formed civil rights organization .civil rights organization .

Used non-violent / direct Used non-violent / direct action methods (sit-ins, action methods (sit-ins, marches).marches).

Protestors would occupy Protestors would occupy buses, restaurants, etc. and buses, restaurants, etc. and refuse to leave.refuse to leave.

Greensboro Sit-inGreensboro Sit-in

Sibley CommissionSibley Commission

Formed to gather information about how Formed to gather information about how Georgians felt about integration.Georgians felt about integration.

Federal law was demanding that Georgia Federal law was demanding that Georgia desegregate its schools.desegregate its schools.

It found the majority of Georgians were It found the majority of Georgians were willing to close schools rather than accept willing to close schools rather than accept integration.integration.

Charlayne Hunter and Hamilton Charlayne Hunter and Hamilton HolmesHolmes

First black students to First black students to attend the University of attend the University of Georgia in 1961.Georgia in 1961.

There were many There were many protests against their protests against their attendance and some attendance and some alumni wanted the alumni wanted the school to close rather school to close rather than accept them.than accept them.

Albany MovementAlbany Movement

Freedom march organized by Freedom march organized by SNCC and the NAACP.SNCC and the NAACP.

Martin Luther King led hundreds Martin Luther King led hundreds of protestors in Albany, GA to of protestors in Albany, GA to resist segregation.resist segregation.

King and many others were King and many others were arrested.arrested.

Although considered a failure at Although considered a failure at the time, it led to the removal of the time, it led to the removal of many segregation laws.many segregation laws.

March on WashingtonMarch on Washington March for jobs and freedom- March for jobs and freedom-

August 1963.August 1963. Congress had been slow to Congress had been slow to

pass President Kennedy’s pass President Kennedy’s civil rights bill.civil rights bill.

Martin Luther King gave his Martin Luther King gave his famous “ I have a Dream” famous “ I have a Dream” speech.speech.

Goals were to raise attention Goals were to raise attention to civil rights, fair to civil rights, fair employment, education, and employment, education, and housing.housing.

Left Side Assignment3 Facts and an Opinion

In complete sentences, write 3 important facts about what you have learned and one opinion that you believe is significant about today’s information.

Facts:1. Factual sentence 12. Factual sentence 23. Factual sentence 34. A thoughtful opinion.

Civil Rights Act of 1964Civil Rights Act of 1964

Signed into law by President Signed into law by President Lyndon Johnson.Lyndon Johnson.

Guaranteed equal voting rights.Guaranteed equal voting rights. Prohibited segregation in all Prohibited segregation in all

public places.public places. Created an Equal Employment Created an Equal Employment

Opportunity Commission. Opportunity Commission. Gave the Federal Government Gave the Federal Government

the right to withhold funds from the right to withhold funds from states that resisted the law.states that resisted the law.

Lester MaddoxLester Maddox

Governor 1966-1970Governor 1966-1970 Promoted segregation and Promoted segregation and

resisted civil rights.resisted civil rights. Found it difficult to resist Found it difficult to resist

against the Civil Right Act.against the Civil Right Act. He later began to appoint He later began to appoint

blacks to important positions. blacks to important positions.

End of County Unit SystemEnd of County Unit System

Georgia’s voting system favored rural Georgia’s voting system favored rural white voters.white voters.

In 1962, Federal Court decided that it In 1962, Federal Court decided that it violated the 14violated the 14thth Amendment. Amendment.

It was replaced with a “one person-one It was replaced with a “one person-one vote” system.vote” system.

Blacks were elected to state offices for Blacks were elected to state offices for the first time since Reconstruction.the first time since Reconstruction.

Maynard JacksonMaynard Jackson

Elected mayor of Atlanta in Elected mayor of Atlanta in 19731973

First African-American mayor First African-American mayor of a major U.S. city.of a major U.S. city.

Helped blacks reach higher Helped blacks reach higher status jobs.status jobs.

Expanded Atlanta’s Hartsfield Expanded Atlanta’s Hartsfield Airport and MARTA Airport and MARTA transportation systems.transportation systems.

Andrew YoungAndrew Young Aide to Martin Luther King Jr.Aide to Martin Luther King Jr. Elected to the U.S. House of Elected to the U.S. House of

Representatives in 1972.Representatives in 1972. First black congressman from First black congressman from

GA since Reconstruction.GA since Reconstruction. Appointed U.S. Ambassador Appointed U.S. Ambassador

to the United Nations by to the United Nations by President Jimmy Carter.President Jimmy Carter.

Later twice elected Mayor of Later twice elected Mayor of Atlanta.Atlanta.

Left Side Timeline There are 12 dates given in your notes. Pick at least 10 of those dates and place

them in a timeline with the key information that goes with them.

The first is given here:1946- The Three Governors Controversy. Other dates include:

1948,1954,1956,1961,1962,1963,1964,1966, 1968,1972,1973List your dates from top to bottom on your

page.

Civil Rights Notes ReviewCivil Rights Notes Review

John Sibley Eugene Talmadge Martin Luther King Ellis ArnallJohn Sibley Eugene Talmadge Martin Luther King Ellis ArnallAndrew Young Maynard Jackson Charlayne Hunter Andrew Young Maynard Jackson Charlayne Hunter Lyndon Johnson Benjamin Mays Lester Maddox Lyndon Johnson Benjamin Mays Lester Maddox

1.1. Mentor (influential) to Martin Luther King.Mentor (influential) to Martin Luther King.

2.2. President who signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964.President who signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

3.3. One of the first black students at University of Georgia.One of the first black students at University of Georgia.

4.4. Led a commission to see if Georgians would desegregate. Led a commission to see if Georgians would desegregate.

5.5. Died before taking office as Georgia governor in 1946.Died before taking office as Georgia governor in 1946.

6.6. Atlanta’s first black mayor.Atlanta’s first black mayor.

7.7. Governor who ordered a mass police force at MLK’s funeral.Governor who ordered a mass police force at MLK’s funeral.

8.8. First black U.S. Congressman from Georgia since the 1800s.First black U.S. Congressman from Georgia since the 1800s.

9.9. Gave the “I have a Dream” speech in 1963.Gave the “I have a Dream” speech in 1963.

10.10. Governor who lowered the voting age to 18 years.Governor who lowered the voting age to 18 years.

Who would you meet?Who would you meet?

If you could have had lunch with one If you could have had lunch with one of the civil rights leaders we have of the civil rights leaders we have learned about, who would you have learned about, who would you have liked to meet and why?liked to meet and why?

A good paragraph-5-7 sentences.A good paragraph-5-7 sentences.