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JDWM PETRACTOR APPLICATIONS
Modern Tractor (and Implement) Management
Prof. Dr.- Ing. Peter Pickel
Dec. 4th 2008
Company ConfidentialDeere & Company
JDWM PETRACTOR APPLICATIONS
Drivers of Agricultural Engineering and Technologies
Agricultural machinery is industrial key sectorof 21st century
Shifting reputation of Agriculture / new paradigma
Need for Sustainability
Dramatical increasing need for higher energetic efficiency and CO2-reduction
Emission regulations
Dramatical increasing need for higher labor or economicalefficiency: Automation technology
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JDWM PETRACTOR APPLICATIONS
Automation – Why?Improve SustainabilityReduce InputsEnhance ProductivityReact on Changing Ag Labor Availability:
Overall Facts1. Farm consolidation drives higher need for non-family farm workers
2. Seasonal workers with growing importance in EU 25
3. Depopulation of rural areas lead to farm labor shortage
4. High-tech machines, complex production processes
and strict production regulations require skilled labor
Availability of skilled labor is major issue and not higher labor costs
Implications1. Increasing need for new technologies (automation)
2. Focus on operator / interface and “ease of use”
3. Increased need for training
Company ConfidentialDeere & Company
JDWM PETRACTOR APPLICATIONS
Tractor/Tractor-Implement Management is Automation But why do we need automation?
Reduce inputsImprove efficiency and sustainabilityEnhance productivityReact on changing ag labor availability
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JDWM PETRACTOR APPLICATIONS
1. Power increase has been stagnating2. New functionalities3. Changing of power transmissions4. Higher level of automation / machine intelligence5. Integrated application management (*), teleservice, documentation …6. Enhanced HMIs / ergonomics
General trends in development of ag machinery:
1. Power increase has been stagnating2. New functionalities3. Changing of power transmissions4. Higher level of automation / machine intelligence5. Integrated application management (*), teleservice, documentation …6. Enhanced HMIs / ergonomics (*) Quite famous: Precision farming – but that‘s not all …
Automation is a dominating trend
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JDWM PETRACTOR APPLICATIONS
1. Farmers require steadily increasing productivity2. Safety, comfort and ease of use3. Fulfillment of individual life style needs
What do customers want from automation (electronics)?
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1. μ-electronics 2. Sensor technologies 3. Communications
(currently CAN + ISOBUS)
Current state of the art:Highly integrated,intelligent and communicating functional elements
Drivers of Automation
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JDWM PETRACTOR APPLICATIONS
ISOBUS - The basic idea: Interconnectivity between brands
… could result in …
Company ConfidentialDeere & Company
JDWM PETRACTOR APPLICATIONS
ISOBUS - The basic idea: Interconnectivity between brands
… could result in …
+
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JDWM PETRACTOR APPLICATIONS
Interconnectivity between brands
… or with ISOBUS in …
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JDWM PETRACTOR APPLICATIONS
Interconnectivity between brands
… one integrated Operator Interface (VT).
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JDWM PETRACTOR APPLICATIONS
The ISOBus-Class 3 VisionBasic Assumptions
ISO 11783
• Higher productivity through higher speeds and faster control than human reaction
• Higher production quality and safety by higher process stability• Reduces load on operator (physical and mental relief)
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⇒ x-by-wire technologies or …⇒ development of fully automated (or autonomous) vehicles
Another set of trends
This is nothing else but …• a higher level of automation / machine intelligence• integrated application management
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⇒ Because of safety issues
⇒ Because of a lack of functional safety (functional stability)
Why don‘t we have autonomous vehicles?
• But driverless vehicles are the safest vehiclesfrom the driver‘s prospective
• But operational setting is endangered seriously
• Example: So long as there might be a pick-up (trailer) plugging a (service) person will be needed
• Tractor driver might have different tasks in the future
Automation will „attack“ that gap
Company ConfidentialDeere & Company
JDWM PETRACTOR APPLICATIONS
Parallel tracking is just an example . . .
B
A
6 m
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JDWM PETRACTOR APPLICATIONS
Advantages of AutoTrac
• less overlaps and skips• full working width and header width• straight rows in all weather conditions• more operating comfort• physical and mental relief• detection of critical situations
• Approach to field borders• (Static) obstacles
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JDWM PETRACTOR APPLICATIONS
Increase in performance with AutoTrac SF2
17,68 €
3,97 €
3,95 €
2,93 €
5,76 €
2,48 €
6,10 €
Cost savings per ha
University of Weihenstephan
University Halle-Wittenberg, GER
University Halle-Wittenberg, GER
University Halle-Wittenberg, GER
University Halle-Wittenberg, GER
Loonbedrijf, NL
University Halle-Wittenberg, GER
Source
14,3%
2,2%
2,2%
2,2%
10,7%
5%
9,7%
Increase in performance
Application
Combine Harvest
Fertilization
Crop protection
Seeding
Cultivation
Round Up Application
Stubble processing
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Itec Pro • Precise tractor guidance
• Automated implement and PTO controls, ground speed, and end turns at headland and interior boundaries.
• implement functions performed consistently on the headlands every time.
• reduction of input costs such as fertilizer, seed, and fuel by reducing headland skips and overlaps.
• Provision of additional accuracy by automatically guiding the tractor during headland turns
• Machine positioning correctly for the next pass through the field.
Company ConfidentialDeere & Company
JDWM PETRACTOR APPLICATIONS
The ISOBus-Class 3 VisionBasic Assumptions
ISO 11783
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µC
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Immanent problems due to safety
This in a concept of the 80s!So, is it obsolete?
No, it’s technology of yesterday, today and
tomorrow
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JDWM PETRACTOR APPLICATIONS
E-Premium
Load Center
PowerElectronics
Electric RadiatorFan Drive
ReliableHigh Efficiency
14V Supply
Vehicle Controller
Electric A/CCompressor
200V Fly-Wheel-
Generator
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Level 2 Example – Electric Fertilizer Spreader
• Reduced fuel-consumption• Improved performance (speed control, torque sensing)• Comfortable coupling
µC ISO 11783
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G3~
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Automation – The Electric Vision (E PREMIUM)
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Rauch Axis EDR
• Better effiency• Better coupling• Enhanced functionality• Independant drives
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A last „side“ aspect – requirement for ease of use
• Higher automated systems are more complex• In spite of this, they must be easier in handling• This is not „a nice to have“ but a must and• a strong requirement to HMIs
• The driver must stay “The Lord of the Machine”.• The driver will handle the process …• … getting more and more a manager of• … process data acquisition, • … process data administration and • … process optimisation
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Technology DevelopmentGPS
E-Drives
Pull
Order
Feedback
1910
1930
1970
Intelligent OperatorInterface
Application Intelligence
Automation
Communication&Guidance
Field Doc
2003
iTec Pro
Electrification
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JDWM PETRACTOR APPLICATIONS
Tractor/Tractor-Implement Management is Automation
The automation trend will stay as is!